Bergman bundles and applications to the geometry of compact complex manifolds
Jean-Pierre Demailly
备注：
This second version incorporates the few corrections and additions that were incorporated in the final version accepted in Pure and Applied Mathematics Quarterly
We introduce the concept of Bergman bundle attached to a hermitian manifold X, assuming the manifold X to be compact - although the results are local for a large part. The Bergman bundle is some sort of infinite dimensional very ample Hilbert bundle whose fibers are isomorphic to the standard L${}^2$ Hardy space on the complex unit ball; however the bundle is locally trivial only in the real analytic category, and its complex structure is strongly twisted. We compute the Chern curvature of the Bergman bundle, and show that it is strictly positive. As a potential application, we investigate a long standing and still unsolved conjecture of Siu on the invariance of plurigenera in the general situation of polarized families of compact K{ä}hler manifolds.
In this paper we obtain the full asymptotic expansion of the Bergman-Hodge kernel associated to a high power of a holomorphic line bundle with non-degenerate curvature. We also explore some relations with asymptotic holomorphic sections on symplectic manifolds
Off-diagonal upper bounds are established away from the diagonal for the Bergman kernels associated to high powers of holomorphic line bundles over compact complex manifolds, asymptotically as the power tends to infinity. The line bundle is assumed to be equipped with a Hermitian metric with positive curvature form, which is infinitely differentiable but not necessarily real analytic. The bounds obtained are the best possible for this class of metrics.
Given a holomorphic vector bundle $E$ over a compact Riemann surface $M$, and an open set $D$ in $M$, we prove that the Bergman space of holomorphic sections of the restriction of $E$ to $D$ must either coincide with the space of global holomorphic sections of $E$, or be infinite dimensional. Moreover, we characterize the latter entirely in terms of potential-theoretic properties of $D$.
Let L be a positive line bundle on a projective complex manifold. We study the asymptotic behavior of Bergman kernels associated with the tensor powers L^p of L as p tends to infinity. The emphasis is the dependence of the uniform estimates on the positivity of the Chern form of the metric on L. This situation appears naturally when we approximate a semi-positive singular metric by smooth positively curved metrics.
We characterize operator-theoretic properties (boundedness, compactness, and Schatten class membership) of Toeplitz operators with positive measure symbols on Bergman spaces of holomorphic hermitian line bundles over Kähler Cartan-Hadamard manifolds in terms of geometric or operator-theoretic properties of measures.
Generalizing the recent result of Berndtsson, we prove the Nakano semipositivity of the direct image of relative pluricanonical systems and the direct image of relative adjoint (singular) hermitian line bundle with semipositive curvature. This gives a new proof of Kawamata's theorem on the semipositivity of the direct image of relative pluricanonical systems.
In a previous paper, \cite{Berndtsson}, we have studied a property of subharmonic dependence on a parameter of Bergman kernels for a family of weighted $L^2$-spaces of holomorphic functions. Here we prove a result on the curvature of a vector bundle defined by this family of $L^2$-spaces itself, which has the earlier results on Bergman kernels as a corollary. Applying the same arguments to spaces of holomorphic sections to line bundles over a locally trivial fibration we also prove that if a holomorphic vector bundle, $V$, over a complex manifold is ample in the sense of Hartshorne, then $V\gr…
In this article, we consider Bergman kernels related to modules at boundary points on Stein manifolds, and obtain a log-subharmonicity property of the Bergman kernels. As applications, we obtain a lower estimate of weighted $L^2$ integrals on Stein manifolds, and reprove an effectiveness result of strong openness property of modules at boundary points on Stein manifolds.
We shall give an explicit estimate of the lower bound of the Bergman kernel associated to a positive line bundle. In the compact Riemann surface case, our result can be seen as an explicit version of Tian's partial $C^0$-estimate.
We prove the convergence of the normalized Fubini-Study measures and the logarithms of the Bergman kernels of various Bergman spaces of holomorphic and weakly holomorphic sections associated to a singular Hermitian holomorphic line bundle on an algebraic curve. Using this, we study the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of random sequences of sections in these spaces.
Let G be a unimodular Lie group, X a compact manifold with boundary, and M the total space of a principal bundle G--> M-->X so that M is also a strongly pseudoconvex complex manifold. In this work, we show that if there exists a point p in bM such that T_p(G) is contained in the complex tangent space of bM at p, then the Bergman space of M is large. Natural examples include the gauged G-complexifications of Heinzner, Huckleberry, and Kutzschebauch.
On a compact Kahler manifold, one can define global invariants by integrating local invariants of the metric. Assume that a global invariant thus obtained depends only on the Kahler class. Then we show that the integrand can be decomposed into a Chern polynomial (the integrand of a Chern number) and divergences of one forms, which do not contribute to the integral. We apply this decomposition formula to describe the asymptotic expansion of the Bergman kernel for positive line bundles and to show that the CR Q-curvature on a Sasakian manifold is a divergence.
For a class of $O(n+1,R)$ invariant measures on the Kepler manifold possessing finite moments of all orders, we describe the reproducing kernels of the associated Bergman spaces, discuss the corresponding asymptotic expansions of Tian-Yau-Zelditch, and study the relevant Hankel operators with conjugate holomorphic symbols. Related reproducing kernels on the minimal ball are also discussed. Finally, we observe that the Kepler manifold either does not admit balanced metrics, or such metrics are not unique.
Let $L$ be a holomorphic line bundle on a compact complex manifold $X$ of dimension $n,$ and let $e^{-ϕ}$ be a continuous metric on $L.$ Fixing a measure $dμ$ on $X$ gives a sequence of Hilbert spaces consisting of holomorphic sections of tensor powers of $L.$ We prove that the corresponding sequence of scaled Bergman measures converges, in the high tensor power limit, to the equilibrium measure of the pair $(K,ϕ),$ where $K$ is the support of $dμ,$ as long as $dμ$ is stably Bernstein-Markov with respect to $(K,ϕ).$ Here the Bergman measure denotes $dμ$ times the restriction to the diagonal of…
Consider a very ample line bundle $ E \to X$ over a compact complex manifold, endowed with a hermitian metric of curvature $-i ω$, and the space $\mathcal{O}(E)$ of its holomorphic sections. The Fubini--Study map associates with positive definite inner products $\langle \, , \rangle$ on $\mathcal{O}(E)$ functions FS$(\langle \, ,\rangle) \in \mathcal{H}_ω=\{u \in C^{\infty}(X):ω+i\partial\overline{\partial} u >0\}$. We prove that FS is an injective immersion, but its image in general is not closed in $\mathcal{H}_ω$. To obtain a closed range, FS has to be extended to certain degenerate inner p…
In this master thesis, we give a new proof on the pointwise asymptotic expansion for Bergman kernel of a hermitian holomorphic line bundle on the points where the curvature of the line bundle is positive and satisfy local spectral gap condition. The main point is to introduce a suitable semi-classical symbol space and related symbolic calculus inspired from recent work of Hsiao and Savale. Particularly, we establish the existence of pointwise asymptotic expansion on the positive part for certain semi-positive line bundles.
We describe a notion of ampleness for line bundles on orbifolds with cyclic quotient singularities that is related to embeddings in weighted projective space, and prove a global asymptotic expansion for a weighted Bergman kernel associated to such a line bundle.
Given a sequence of positive Hermitian holomorphic line bundles $(L_p,h_p)$ on a Kähler manifold $X$, we establish the asymptotic expansion of the Bergman kernel of the space of global holomorphic sections of $L_p$, under a natural convergence assumption on the sequence of curvatures $c_1(L_p,h_p)$. We then apply this to study the asymptotic distribution of common zeros of random sequences of $m$-tuples of sections of $L_p$ as $p\to\infty$.
The main result of the present article is a (practically optimal) criterium for the pseudoeffectivity of the twisted relative canonical bundles of surjective projective maps. Our theorem has several applications in algebraic geometry; to start with, we obtain the natural analytic generalization of some semipositivity results due to E. Viehweg and F. Campana. As a byproduct, we give a simple and direct proof of a recent result due to C. Hacon--J. McKernan, S. Takayama and H. Tsuji concerning the extension of twisted pluricanonical forms. More applications will be offered in the sequel of this a…
Let L be an ample holomorphic line bundle over a compact complex Hermitian manifold X. Any fixed smooth Hermitian metric on L induces a Hilbert space structure on the space of global holomorphic sections with values in the k:th tensor power of L. In this paper various convergence results are obtained for the corresponding Bergman kernels. The convergence is studied in the large k limit and is expressed in terms of the equilibrium metric associated to the fixed metric, as well as in terms of the Monge-Ampere measure of the fixed metric itself on a certain support set. It is also shown that the …
Let $(X,ω)$ be a compact Kähler manifold. Let $(L,h)$ be a hermitian holomorphic line bundle over $X$, such that $Θ_{L,h}\geq -\varepsilonω$ for a small $\varepsilon>0$, $E$ be a holomorphic line bundle over $X$. For $k\in \mathbb{N}_+$, denote by $X_k:=(X,ω^k)$ the Kähler manifold $X$ with new scaled metric $ω^k=kω$. Estimates of the number of eigenvalues smaller than $λ$ of the $\debar$-Laplacian on forms on $X_k$ with values in $L^k\otimes E$ are presented for $0\leq λ<k$. In particular, when $λ=0$, we get a numeric bound for the cohomology groups.
Consider a complex line bundle over a compact complex manifold equipped with an infinitely differentiable metric with strictly positive curvature form. Assign to positive tensor powers of this bundle the associated product metrics and Bergman projection operators. Zelditch has conjectured that if the Bergman kernels, away from the diagonal, decay exponentially fast to zero as the power tends to infinity, then the metric must be real analytic. Moreover, this is conjectured even if exponential decay is assumed to hold merely for some arbitrarily sparse subsequence of powers tending to infinity. …
We prove an exponential estimate for the asymptotics of Bergman kernels of a positive line bundle under hypotheses of bounded geometry. We give further Bergman kernel proofs of complex geometry results, such as separation of points, existence of local coordinates and holomorphic convexity by sections of positive line bundles.
This article is concerned with asymptotics of equivariant Bergman kernels and partial Bergman kernels for polarized projective Kahler manifolds invariant under a Hamiltonian holomorphic $S^1$ action. Asymptotics of partial Bergman kernel are obtained in the allowed region $\mathcal{A}$ resp. forbidden region $\mathcal{F}$, generalizing results of Shiffman-Zelditch, Shiffman-Tate-Zelditch and Pokorny-Singer for toric Kahler manifolds. The main result gives scaling asymptotics of equivariant Bergman kernels and partial Bergman kernels in the transition region around the interface $\partial \math…
In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of the spectral function corresponding to the lower part of the spectrum of the Kodaira Laplacian on high tensor powers of a holomorphic line bundle. This implies a full asymptotic expansion of this function on the set where the curvature of the line bundle is non-degenerate. As application we obtain the Bergman kernel asymptotics for adjoint semi-positive line bundles over complete Kaehler manifolds, on the set where the curvature is positive. We also prove the asymptotics for big line bundles endowed with singular Hermitian metrics with strictl…
In this paper we consider a punctured Riemann surface endowed with a Hermitian metric that equals the Poincar{é} metric near the punctures, and a holomorphic line bundle that polarizes the metric. We show that the quotient of the Bergman kernel of high tensor powers of the line bundle and of the Bergman kernel of the Poincar{é} model near the singularity tends to one up to arbitrary negative powers of the tensor power.
This paper is a sequel to \cite{Xu}. In this paper, an estimation of the Bergman Kernel of Kähler hyperbolic manifold is given by the $L^2$ estimate and the Bochner formula. As an application, an effective criterion of the very ampleness of the canonical line bundle of Kähler hyperbolic manifold is given, which is a generalization of Yeung's result.
Let $M$ be a closed complex submanifold in ${\mathbb C}^N$ with the complete Kähler metric induced by the Euclidean metric. Several finiteness theorems on the $L^p$ Bergman space of holomorphic sections of a given Hermitian line bundle $L$ over $M$ and the associated $L^2$ cohomology groups are obtained. Some infiniteness theorems are also given in order to test the accuracy of finiteness theorems. As applications we obtain some rigidity results concerning growth of curvatures.
Let $M$ be a complex manifold of dimension $n$ with smooth boundary $X$. Given $q\in\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}$, let $\Box^{(q)}$ be the $\ddbar$-Neumann Laplacian for $(0,q)$ forms. We show that the spectral kernel of $\Box^{(q)}$ admits a full asymptotic expansion near the non-degenerate part of the boundary $X$ and the Bergman projection admits an asymptotic expansion under some local closed range condition. As applications, we establish Bergman kernel asymptotic expansions for some domains with weakly pseudoconvex boundary and $S^1$-equivariant Bergman kernel asymptotic expansions and embedding th…
We prove the convergence of the Bergman kernels and the $L^2$-Hodge numbers on a tower of Galois coverings $\{X_j\}$ of a compact Kähler manifold $X$ converging to an infinite Galois (not necessarily universal) covering $\widetilde{X}$. We also show that, as an application, sections of canonical line bundle $K_{X_j}$ for sufficiently large $j$ give rise to an immersion into some projective space, if so do sections of $K_{\widetilde{X}}$.
In this paper, we investigate the $\partial$-complex on weighted Bergman spaces on Hermitian manifolds satisfying a certain holomorphicity/duality condition. This generalizes the situation of the Segal-Bargmann space in $\mathbb{C}^n$, studied earlier by the first-named author, in which the adjoint of the differentiation is the multiplication by $z$. The results are applied to two important examples in the unit ball, namely, the complex hyperbolic metric and a conformally Kähler metric which are related to Bergman spaces with so-called "exponential" and "standard" weights, respectively. In par…
We consider the problem of $L^1$ (un)boundedness for a wide class of orthogonal projections, including Bergman projections on domains in complex manifolds and Szegö projections on abstract CR manifolds.
In this short note, we compare our previous works on the off-diagonal expansion of the Bergman kernel and the recent preprint of Lu-Shiffman (arxiv.1301.2166). In particular, we note that the vanishing of the coefficient of p^{-1/2} is implicitly contained in Dai-Liu-Ma's work (J. Differential Geom. 72 (2006), no. 1, 1-41) and was explicitly stated in our book (Holomorphic Morse inequalities and Bergman kernels, Progress in Math., vol. 254, Birkhäuser, 2007).
Let L be a holomorphic line bundle over a compact complex projective Hermitian manifold X. Any fixed smooth hermitian metric h on L induces a Hilbert space structure on the space of global holomorphic sections with values in the k th tensor power of L. In this paper various convergence results are obtained for the corresponding Bergman kernels (i.e. orthogonal projection kernels). The convergence is studied in the large k limit and is expressed in terms of the equilibrium metric h_e associated to h, as well as in terms of the Monge-Ampere measure of h on a certain support set. It is also shown…
We obtain several results about stability of the Bergman kernel on a tower of coverings on complex manifolds. An effective version of Rhodes' result is given for a tower of coverings on a compact Riemann surface of genus greater than or equal to 2. Stability of the Bergman kernel is established for towers of coverings on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces and on complete Kaehler manifolds satisfying certain potential conditions. As a consequence, stability of the Bergman kernel is established for any tower of coverings of Riemann surfaces when the top manifold is simply-connected.
Associated to the Bergman kernels of a polarized toric Kaehler manifold $(M, ω, L, h)$ are sequences of measures $\{μ_k^z\}_{k=1}^{\infty}$ parametrized by the points $z \in M$. We determine the asymptotics of the entropies $H(μ_k^z)$ of these measures. The sequence $μ_k^z$ in some ways resembles a sequence of convolution powers; we determine precisely when it actually is such a sequence.
We compute the first four coefficients of the asymptotic off-diagonal expansion of the Bergman kernel for the N-th power of a positive line bundle on a compact Kaehler manifold, and we show that the coefficient b_1 of the N^{-1/2} term vanishes when we use a K-frame. We also show that all the coefficients of the expansion are polynomials in the K-coordinates and the covariant derivatives of the curvature and are homogeneous with respect to the weight w.
In this paper, we study the regular quantizations of Kähler manifolds by using the first two coefficients of Bergman function expansions. Firstly, we obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for certain Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles and their ball subbundles to be regular quantizations. Secondly, we obtain that some projective bundles over the Fano manifolds $M$ admit regular quantizations if and only if $M$ are biholomorphically isomorphism to the complex projective spaces. Finally, we obtain the balanced metrics on certain Hermitian holomorphic vector bundles and their ball subbundl…
