In this paper we show that for an almost finite minimal ample groupoid $G$, its reduced $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra $C_r^*(G)$ has real rank zero and strict comparison even though $C_r^*(G)$ may not be nuclear in general. Moreover, if we further assume $G$ being also second countable and non-elementary, then its Cuntz semigroup ${\rm Cu}(C_r^*(G))$ is almost divisible and ${\rm Cu}(C_r^*(G))$ and ${\rm Cu}(C_r^*(G)\otimes \mathcal{Z})$ are canonically order-isomorphic, where $\mathcal{Z}$ denotes the Jiang-Su algebra.
We consider the amenability of groupoids $G$ equipped with a group valued cocycle $c:G\to Q$ with amenable kernel $c^{-1}(e)$. We prove a general result which implies, in particular, that $G$ is amenable whenever $Q$ is amenable and if there is countable set $D\subset G$ such that $c(G^{u})D=Q$ for all $u\in G^{(0)}$. We show that our result is applicable to groupoids arising from partial semigroup actions. We explore these actions in detail and show that these groupoids include those arising from directed graphs, higher rank graphs and even topological higher rank graphs. We believe our metho…
I. Raeburn and J. Taylor have constructed continuous-trace C*-algebras with a prescribed Dixmier-Douady class, which also depend on the choice of an open cover of the spectrum. We study the asymptotic behavior of these algebras with respect to certain refinements of the cover and appropriate extension of cocycles. This leads to the analysis of a limit groupoid G and a cocycle σ, and the algebra C*(G, σ) may be regarded as a generalized direct limit of the Raeburn-Taylor algebras. As a special case, all UHF C*-algebras arise from this limit construction.
Two conjectures about homology groups, K-groups and topological full groups of minimal etale groupoids on Cantor sets are formulated. We verify these conjectures for many examples of etale groupoids including products of etale groupoids arising from one-sided shifts of finite type. Furthermore, we completely determine when these product groupoids are mutually isomorphic. Also, the abelianization of their topological full groups are computed. They are viewed as generalizations of the higher dimensional Thompson groups.
We present a construction, which assigns two groupoids, $\Gugamma$ and $\Gmgamma$, to an inverse semigroup $Γ$. By definition, $\Gmgamma$ is a subgroupoid (even a reduction) of $\Gugamma$. The construction unifies known constructions for groupoids. More precisely, the groupoid $\Gugamma$ is shown to be isomorphic to the universal groupoid of $Γ$ introduced by Paterson. For $Γ$ arising from graphs resp. tilings, the groupoid $\Gmgamma$ is the graph groupoid introduced by Kumjian et al. resp. the tiling groupoid introduced by Kellendonk. We obtain a characterisation of open invariant sets in $\G…
We generalise a number of classical results from the theory of KMS states to KMS weights in the setting of $C^{*}$-dynamical systems arising from a continuous groupoid homomorphism $c:\mathcal{G} \to \mathbb{R}$ on a locally compact second countable Hausdorff étale groupoid $\mathcal{G}$. In particular, we generalise Neshveyev's Theorem to KMS weights.
We define a groupoid from a labelled space and show that it is isomorphic to the tight groupoid arising from an inverse semigroup associated with the labelled space. We then define a local homeomorphism on the tight spectrum that is a generalization of the shift map for graphs, and show that the defined groupoid is isomorphic to the Renault-Deaconu groupoid for this local homeomorphism. Finally, we show that the C*-algebra of this groupoid is isomorphic to the C*-algebra of the labelled space as introduced by Bates and Pask.
Recent results of Laca, Raeburn, Ramagge and Whittaker show that any self-similar action of a groupoid on a graph determines a 1-parameter family of self-mappings of the trace space of the groupoid C*-algebra. We investigate the fixed points for these self-mappings, under the same hypotheses that Laca et al. used to prove that the C*-algebra of the self-similar action admits a unique KMS state. We prove that for any value of the parameter, the associated self-mapping admits a unique fixed point, which is in fact a universal attractor. This fixed point is precisely the trace that extends to a K…
The quantum Heisenberg manifolds are noncommutive manifolds constructed by M. Rieffel as strict deformation quantizations of Heisenberg manifolds and have been studied by various authors. Rieffel constructed the quantum Heisenberg manifolds as the generalized fixed-point algebras of certain crossed product $C^*$-algebras, and they also can be realized as crossed products of $C(\mathbb{T}^2)$ by Hilbert $C^*$-bimodules in the sense of Abadie et al. In this paper, we describe how the quantum Heisenberg manifolds can also be realized as twisted groupoid $C^*$-algebras.
We give a concise introduction to (discrete) algebras arising from étale groupoids, (aka Steinberg algebras) and describe their close relationship with groupoid C*-algebras. Their connection to partial group rings via inverse semigroups also explored.
The paper contains a description of the KMS weights for the one-parameter action on the reduced C*-algebra of a second countable locally compact Hausdorff etale groupoid, arising from a continuous real valued homomorphism satisfying two conditions. The results are subsequently applied to identify the KMS weights for the gauge action on a simple graph algebra. The von Neumann algebra generated by the GNS-representation of an extremal KMS weight is a factor, and tools are developed to determine its type. The paper concludes with three examples to illustrate the results.
Given a continuous open surjective morphism $π:G\to H$ of étale groupoids with amenable kernel, we construct a Fell bundle $E$ over $H$ and prove that its C*-algebra $C^*_r(E)$ is isomorphic to $C^*_r(G)$. This is related to results of Fell concerning C*-algebraic bundles over groups. The case $H=X$, a locally compact space, was treated earlier by Ramazan. We conclude that $C^*_r(G)$ is strongly Morita equivalent to a crossed product, the C*-algebra of a Fell bundle arising from an action of the groupoid $H$ on a C*-bundle over $H^0$. We apply the theory to groupoid morphisms obtained from ext…
In this paper, we provide two types of boundary path groupoids from a generalized Boolean dynamical system $(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{L}, θ, \mathcal{I}_α)$. For the first groupoid, we associate an inverse semigroup to a generalized Boolean dynamical system and use the tight spectrum $\mathsf{T}$ as the unit space of a groupoid $Γ(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{L}, θ, \mathcal{I}_α)$ that is isomorphic to the tight groupoid $\mathcal{G}_{tight}$. The other one is defined as the Renault-Deaconu groupoid $Γ(\partial E, σ_E)$ arising from a topological correspondence $E$ associated with a generalized Boolean d…
We study the finite versus infinite nature of C*-algebras arising from etale groupoids. For an ample groupoid G, we relate infiniteness of the reduced C*-algebra of G to notions of paradoxicality of a K-theoretic flavor. We construct a pre-ordered abelian monoid S(G) which generalizes the type semigroup introduced by Rørdam and Sierakowski for totally disconnected discrete transformation groups. This monoid reflects the finite/infinite nature of the reduced groupoid C*-algebra of G. If G is ample, minimal, and topologically principal, and S(G) is almost unperforated we obtain a dichotomy betwe…
This paper contains a quite detailed description of the C*-algebra arising from the transformation groupoid of a rational map of degree at least two on the Riemann sphere. The algebra is decomposed stepwise via extensions of familiar C*-algebras whose nature depend on the structure of the Julia set and the stable regions in the Fatou set, as well as on the behaviour of the critical points.
In this paper, we introduce properties including groupoid comparison, pure infiniteness and paradoxical comparison as well as a new algebraic tool called groupoid semigroup for locally compact Hausdorff étale groupoids. We show these new tools help establishing pure infiniteness of reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebras. As an application, we show a dichotomy of stably finiteness against pure infiniteness for reduced groupoid $C^*$-algebras arising from locally compact Hausdorff étale minimal topological principal groupoids. This generalizes the dichotomy obtained by Bönicke-Li and Rainone-Sims. We a…
Every AF-algebra arises as a graph algebra in the sense of Kumjian, Pask, Raeburn, and Renault. For AF-algebras, the diagonal subalgebra defined by Stratila and Voiculescu is consistent with Kumjian's notion of diagonal, and the groupoid arising from a well-chosen Bratteli diagram for A coincides with Kumjian's twist groupoid constructed from a diagonal of A.
Given a locally convex space $(\mathcal{A},τ)$ with a Hausdorff locally convex topology $τ$ such that the following maps are continuous; $u \mapsto u^*$ for all $u \in \mathcal{A}$, $x \mapsto x\cdot y$ and $x \mapsto z\cdot x$ for every left and right multipliers of $\mathcal{A}$. In this paper we re-characterized the locally convex partial $*$-algebra $(\mathcal{A}, Γ,\cdot,*,τ)$ arising from these continuous maps in terms of convolution algebra of a Lie groupoid $Γ\rightrightarrows \mathcal{A}$. This is advantageous because the pathologies of the underlying spaces owing to their quantum mec…
For almost finite groupoids, we study how their homology groups reflect dynamical properties of their topological full groups. It is shown that two clopen subsets of the unit space has the same class in H_0 if and only if there exists an element in the topological full group which maps one to the other. It is also shown that a natural homomorphism, called the index map, from the topological full group to H_1 is surjective and any element of the kernel can be written as a product of four elements of finite order. In particular, the index map induces a homomorphism from H_1 to K_1 of the groupoi…
For any Lie groupoid $G$, the vector bundle $g^*$ dual to the associated Lie algebroid $g$ is canonically a Poisson manifold. The (reduced) C*-algebra of $G$ (as defined by A. Connes) is shown to be a strict quantization (in the sense of M. Rieffel) of $g^*$. This is proved using a generalization of Weyl's quantization prescription on flat space. Many other known strict quantizations are a special case of this procedure; on a Riemannian manifold, one recovers Connes' tangent groupoid as well as a recent generalization of Weyl's prescription. When $G$ is the gauge groupoid of a principal bundle…
We study groupoids and semigroup C*-algebras arising from graphs of monoids, in the setting of right LCM monoids. First, we establish a general criterion when a graph of monoids gives rise to a submonoid of the fundamental group which is right LCM. Moreover, we carry out a detailed analysis of structural properties of semigroup C*-algebras arising from graphs of monoids, including closed invariant subspaces and topological freeness of the groupoids as well as ideal structure, nuclearity and K-theory of the semigroup C*-algebras. As an application, we construct families of pairwise non-conjugat…
We introduce the notion of continuous orbit equivalence for partial dynamical systems, and give an equivalent characterization in terms of Cartan-isomorphisms for partial C*-crossed products. Both graph C*-algebras and semigroup C*-algebras can be described as C*-algebras attached to partial dynamical systems. As applications, for graphs, we generalize and explain a result of Matsumoto and Matui relating orbit equivalence and Cartan-isomorphism, and for semigroups, we strengthen several structural results for semigroup C*-algebras concerning amenability, nuclearity as well as simplicity of bou…
We initiate the study of C*-algebras and groupoids arising from left regular representations of Garside categories, a notion which originated from the study of Braid groups. Every higher rank graph is a Garside category in a natural way. We develop a general classification result for closed invariant subspaces of our groupoids as well as criteria for topological freeness and local contractiveness, properties which are relevant for the structure of the corresponding C*-algebras. Our results provide a conceptual explanation for previous results on gauge-invariant ideals of higher rank graph C*-a…
A $λ$-graph bisystem $\mathcal{L}$ consists of two labeled Bratteli diagrams $(\mathcal{L}^-,\mathcal{L}^+)$, that presents a two-sided subshift $Λ_\mathcal{L}$. We will construct a compact totally disconnected metric space with a shift homeomorphism consisting of two-dimensional configurations from a $λ$-graph bisystem. The configuration space has a certain étale AF-equivalence relation written $R_{\mathcal{L}}$ with a natural shift homeomorphism $σ_{\mathcal{L}}$ coming from the shift homeomorphism $σ_{Λ_{\mathcal{L}}}$ on the subshift $Λ_{\mathcal{L}}$. The equivalence relation $R_{\mathcal…
Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学数学学院）；Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学上海数学中心）
We study the problem of extending a state on an abelian $C^*$- subalgebra to a tracial state on the ambient $C^*$-algebra. We propose an approach that is well-suited to the case of regular inclusions, in which there is a large supply of normalizers of the subalgebra. Conditional expectations onto the subalgebra give natural extensions of a state to the ambient $C^*$-algebra; we prove that these extensions are tracial states if and only if certain invariance properties of both the state and conditional expectations are satisfied. In the example of a groupoid $C^*$-algebra, these invariance prop…
We prove the existence of a strict deformation quantization for the canonical Poisson structure on the dual of an integrable Lie algebroid. It follows that any Lie groupoid C*-algebra may be regarded as a result of a quantization procedure. The C*-algebra of the tangent groupoid of a given Lie groupoid G (with Lie algebra g) is the C*-algebra of a continuous field of C*-algebras over R with fibers A_0=C*(g)=C_0(g*) and A_h=C*(G) for nonzero h. The same is true for the corresponding reduced C*-algebras. Our results have applications to, e.g., transformation group C*-algebras, K-theory, and inde…
We will introduce a family $Γ_β, 1 < β\in {\mathbb{R}}$ of infinite non-amenable discrete groups as an interpolation of the Higman-Thompson groups $V_n, 1 < n \in {\mathbb{N}}$ by using the topological full groups of the groupoids defined by $β$-expansions of real numbers. They are regarded as full groups of certain interpolated Cuntz algebras. The groups $Γ_β, 1 < β\in {\mathbb{R}}$ are realized as groups of piecewise linear functions on $[0,1]$ if the $β$-expansion of $1$ is finite or ultimately periodic. We also classify the groups $Γ_β, 1 < β\in {\mathbb{R}}$ by the number theoretical prop…
For a large class of word hyperbolic groups G the cross product C^*-algebra arising from the action of G on its Gromov boundary is shown to satisfy Poincare duality in K-theory. This class strictly contains fundamental groups of compact, negatively curved manifolds. The Baum-Connes Conjecture for amenable groupoids is used in a crucial way.
We introduce twisted Steinberg algebras over a commutative unital ring $R$. These generalise Steinberg algebras and are a purely algebraic analogue of Renault's twisted groupoid C*-algebras. In particular, for each ample Hausdorff groupoid $G$ and each locally constant $2$-cocycle $σ$ on $G$ taking values in the units $R^\times$, we study the algebra $A_R(G,σ)$ consisting of locally constant compactly supported $R$-valued functions on $G$, with convolution and involution "twisted" by $σ$. We also introduce a "discretised" analogue of a twist $Σ$ over a Hausdorff étale groupoid $G$, and we show…
We study irreducible Smale spaces with totally disconnected stable sets and their associated $K$-theoretic invariants. Such Smale spaces arise as Wieler solenoids, and we restrict to those arising from open surjections. The paper follows three converging tracks: one dynamical, one operator algebraic and one $K$-theoretic. Using Wieler's Theorem, we characterize the unstable set of a finite set of periodic points as a locally trivial fibre bundle with discrete fibres over a compact space. This characterization gives us the tools to analyze an explicit groupoid Morita equivalence between the gro…
