In this paper we study some extremal problems for the family $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$ of normalized univalent mappings with $g$-parametric representation on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_X$ of an $n$-dimensional JB$^*$-triple $X$ with $r\geq 2$, where $r$ is the rank of $X$ and $g$ is a convex (univalent) function on the unit disc $\mathbb{U}$, which satisfies some natural assumptions. We obtain sharp coefficient bounds for the family $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$, and examples of bounded support points for various subsets of $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$. Our results are generalizations to bounded symmetric domains of known recent results related to support points for families of univalent mappings on the Euclidean unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$ and the unit polydisc $\mathbb{U}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$. Certain questions will be also mentioned. Finally, we point out sharp coefficient bounds and bounded support points for the family $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}^n)$ and for special compact subsets of $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}^n)$, in the case $n\geq 2$.
Complex-valued harmonic functions that are univalent and sense-preserving in the open unit disk are widely studied. A new methodology is employed to construct subclasses of univalent harmonic mappings from a given subfamily of univalent analytic functions. The notion of harmonic Alexander integral operator is introduced. Also, the radius of convexity for certain families of harmonic functions is determined.
In this paper, we consider the class of uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk and build a relationship between its pre-Schwarzian norm and uniformly hyperbolic radius. Also, we establish eight ways of characterizing uniformly locally univalent sense-preserving harmonic mappings. We also present some sharp distortions and growth estimates and investigate their connections with Hardy spaces. Finally, we study subordination principles of norm estimates.
The primary aim of this paper is to characterize the uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk. Then, we obtain sharp distortion, growth and covering theorems for one parameter family ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ of uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings. Finally, we show that the subclass of $k$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings in ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ and the class ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ are contained in the Hardy space of a specific exponent depending on the $λ$, respectively, and we also discuss the growth of coefficients for harmonic mappings in ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$.
We investigate the relationship between the univalence of $f$ and of $h$ in the decomposition $f=h+\bar{g}$ of a sense-preserving harmonic mapping defined in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}\subset\mathbb{C}$. Among other results, we determine the holomorphic univalent maps $h$ for which there exists $c>0$ such that every harmonic mapping of the form $f=h+\bar{g}$ with $|g'|< c|h'|$ is univalent. The notion of a linearly connected domain appears in our study in a relevant way.
In the present paper, we introduce a family of univalent harmonic functions, which map the unit disk onto domains convex in the direction of the imaginary axis. We find conditions for the linear combinations of mappings from this family to be univalent and convex in the direction of the imaginary axis. Linear combinations of functions from this family and harmonic mappings obtained by shearing of analytic vertical strip maps are also studied.
In the present paper, we derive several conditions of linear combinations and convolutions of harmonic mappings to be univalent and convex in one direction, one of them gives a partial answer to an open problem proposed by Dorff. The results presented here provide extensions and improvements of those given in some earlier works. Several examples of univalent harmonic mappings convex in one direction are also constructed to demonstrate the main results.
For univalent and normalized functions $f$ the logarithmic coefficients $γ_n(f)$ are determined by the formula $\log(f(z)/z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2γ_n(f)z^n$. In the paper \cite{Pon} the authors posed the conjecture that a locally univalent function in the unit disk, satisfying the condition \[ \Re\left\{1+zf''(z)/f'(z)\right\}<1+λ/2\quad (z\in \mathbb{D}), \] fulfill also the following inequality: $$|γ_n(f)|\le λ/(2n(n+1)).$$ Here $λ$ is a real number such that $0<λ\le 1$. In the paper we confirm that the conjecture is true, and sharp.
In this article, we determine the radius of univalence of sections of normalized univalent harmonic mappings for which the range is convex (resp. starlike, close-to-convex, convex in one direction). Our result on the radius of univalence of section $s_{n,n}(f)$ is sharp especially when the corresponding mappings have convex range. In this case, each section $s_{n,n}(f)$ is univalent in the disk of radius $1/4$ for all $n\geq2$, which may be compared with classical result of Szegö on conformal mappings.
We construct sense-preserving univalent harmonic mappings which map the unit disk onto a domain which is convex in the horizontal direction, but with varying dilatation. Also, we obtain minimal surfaces associated with such harmonic mappings. This solves also a recent problem of Dorff and Muir (Abstr. Appl. Anal. (2014)). In several of the cases, we illustrate mappings together with their minimal surfaces pictorially with the help of \texttt{Mathematica} software.
We describe the value set $\{f(z_0)\,:\, f:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{D} \text{ univalent}, f(0)=0, f'(0)= e^{-T} \},$ where $\mathbb{D}$ denotes the unit disc and $z_0\in\mathbb{D}\setminus\{0\}$, $T>0,$ by applying Pontryagin's maximum principle to the radial Loewner equation.
We consider the class univalent log-harmonic mappings on the unit disk. Firstly, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a complex-valued continuous function to be starlike or convex in the unit disk. Then we present a general idea, for example, to construct log-harmonic Koebe mapping, log-harmonic right half-plane mapping and log-harmonic two-slits mapping and then we show precise ranges of these mappings. Moreover, coefficient estimates for univalent log-harmonic starlike mappings are obtained. Growth and distortion theorems for certain special subclass of log-harmonic mappings are…
In this paper using $q$ calculus operator we obtain some sufficient conditions on $f_1$ and $f_2$ so that their linear combination $% f=tf_{1}+(1-t)f_{2},\ t\in \left[ 0,1\right] $, is univalent and convex in the direction of the real axis. Some examples are also illustrated to support our main results.
We consider the convolution of half-plane harmonic mappings with respective dilatations $(z+a)/(1+az)$ and $e^{iθ}z^{n}$, where $-1<a<1$ and $θ\in\mathbb{R},n\in\mathbb{N}$. We prove that such convolutions are locally univalent for $n=1$, which solves an open problem of Dorff et. al (see \cite[Problem~3.26]{Bshouty2010}). Moreover, we provide some numerical computations to illustrate that such convolutions are not univalent for $n\geq 2$.
The hereditary property of convexity and starlikeness for conformal mappings does not generalize to univalent harmonic mappings. This failure leads us to the notion of fully starlike and convex mappings of order α, (0\leq α<1). A bound for the radius of fully starlikeness and fully convexity of order αis determined for certain families of univalent harmonic mappings. Convexity is not preserved under the convolution of univalent harmonic convex mappings, unlike in the analytic case. Given two univalent harmonic convex mappings f and g, the problem of finding the radius r_{0} such that f*g is a …
For a univalent smooth mapping $f$ of the unit disk $\ID$ of complex plane onto the manifold $f(\ID)$, let $d_f(z_0)$ be the radius of the largest univalent disk on the manifold $f(\ID)$ centered at $f(z_0)$ ($|z_0|<1$). The main aim of the present article is to investigate how the radius $d_h(z_0)$ varies when the analytic function $h$ is replaced by a sense-preserving harmonic function $f=h+\overline{g}$. The main result includes sharp upper and lower bounds for the quotient $d_f(z_0)/d_h(z_0)$, especially, for a family of locally univalent $Q$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings $f=h+\overline…
Let ${\mathcal S}$ denote the set of all univalent analytic functions $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_n z^n$ on the unit disk $|z|<1$. In 1946 B. Friedman found that the set $\mathcal S$ of those functions which have integer coefficients consists of only nine functions. In a recent paper Hiranuma and Sugawa proved that the similar set obtained for the functions with half-integer coefficients consists of twelve functions in addition to the nine. In this paper, the main aim is to discuss the class of all sense-preserving univalent harmonic mappings $f$ on the unit disk with integer or half-integer …
We determine the representation theorem, distortion theorem, coefficients estimate and Bohr's radius for log-harmonic starlike mappings of order $α$, which are generalization of some earlier results. In addition, the inner mapping radius of log-harmonic mappings is also established by constructing a family of $1$-slit log-harmonic mappings. Finally, we introduce pre-Schwarzian, Schwarzian derivatives and Bloch's norm for non-vanishing log-harmonic mappings, several properties related to these are also obtained.
In this paper, we obtain coefficient criteria for a normalized harmonic function defined in the unit disk to be close-to-convex and fully starlike, respectively. Using these coefficient conditions, we present different classes of harmonic close-to-convex (resp. fully starlike) functions involving Gaussian hypergeometric functions. In addition, we present a convolution characterization for a class of univalent harmonic functions discussed recently by Mocanu, and later by Bshouty and Lyzzaik in 2010. Our approach provide examples of harmonic polynomials that are close-to-convex and starlike, res…
In this paper, we introduce a class of complex-valued polyharmonic mappings, denoted by $HS_{p}(λ)$, and its subclass $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$, where $λ\in [0,1]$ is a constant. These classes are natural generalizations of a class of mappings studied by Goodman in 1950's. We generalize the main results of Avci and Złotkiewicz from 1990's to the classes $HS_{p}(λ)$ and $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$, showing that the mappings in $HS_{p}(λ)$ are univalent and sense preserving. We also prove that the mappings in $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$ are starlike with respect to the origin, and characterize the extremal points of the above cl…
In this paper, we first prove the coefficient conjecture of Clunie and Sheil-Small for a class of univalent harmonic functions which includes functions convex in some direction. Next, we prove growth and covering theorems and some related results. Finally, we propose two conjectures. An affirmative answer to one of which would then imply for example a solution to the conjecture of Clunie and Sheil-Small.
In this article, a subclass of univalent harmonic mapping is introduced by restricting its analytic part to lie in the class $\mathcal{S}^δ[α]$, $0\leq α< 1$, $-\infty < δ< \infty$ which has been introduced and studied by Kumar \cite{Kumar87} (see also \cite{Mishra95}, \cite{MishraChoudhury95}, \cite{MishraDas96}, \cite{MishraGochhayat06}). Coefficient estimations, growth and distortion properties, area theorem and covering estimates of functions in the newly defined class have been established. Furthermore, we also found bounds for the Bloch's constant for all functions in that family.
We prove several improved versions of Bohr's inequality for the harmonic mappings of the form $f=h+\overline{g}$, where $h$ is bounded by 1 and $|g'(z)|\le|h'(z)|$. The improvements are obtained along the lines of an earlier work of Kayumov and Ponnusamy, i.e. \cite{KayPon2}, for example a term related to the area of the image of the disk $D(0,r)$ under the mapping $f$ is considered. Our results are sharp. In addition, further improvements of the main results for certain special classes of harmonic mappings are provided.
Let $\mathcal{S}_H^0$ denote the class of all functions $f(z)=h(z)+\overline{g(z)}=z+\sum^\infty_{n=2} a_nz^n +\overline{\sum^\infty_{n=2} b_nz^n}$ that are sense-preserving, harmonic and univalent in the open unit disk $|z|<1$. The coefficient conjecture for $\mathcal{S}_H^0$ is still \emph{open} even for $|a_2|$. The aim of this paper is to show that if $f=h+\overline{g} \in \mathcal{S}^0_H$ then $ |a_n| < 5.24 \times 10^{-6} n^{17}$ and $|b_n| < 2.32 \times 10^{-7}n^{17}$ for all $n \geq 3$. Making use of these coefficient estimates, we also obtain radius of univalence of sections of unival…
Let $\ast$ and $\widetilde {\ast}$ denote the convolution of two analytic maps and that of an analytic map and a harmonic map respectively. Pokhrel [1] proved that if $f = h+\overline{g}$ is a harmonic map convex in the direction of $e^{iγ}$ and $ϕ$ is an analytic map in the class DCP, then $f\widetilde{\ast} ϕ= h\widetilde{\ast}ϕ+ \overline{g\widetilde{\ast}ϕ}$ is also convex in the direction of $e^{iγ}$, provided $f\widetilde{\ast}ϕ$ is locally univalent and sense-preserving. In the present paper we obtain a general condition under which $f\widetilde{\ast} ϕ$ is locally univalent and sense-p…
In this paper, we investigate the properties of locally univalent and multivalent planar harmonic mappings. First, we discuss the coefficient estimates and Landau's Theorem for some classes of locally univalent harmonic mappings, and then we study some Lipschitz-type spaces for locally univalent and multivalent harmonic mappings.
We consider the class of all sense-preserving complex-valued harmonic mappings $f=h+\bar {g}$ defined on the unit disk $\ID$ with the normalization $h(0)=h'(0)-1=0$ and $g(0)=g'(0)=0$ with the second complex dilatation $ω:\,\ID\rightarrow \ID$, $g'(z)=ω(z)h'(z)$. In this paper, the authors determine sufficient conditions on $h$ and $ω$ that would imply the univalence of harmonic mappings $f=h+\bar {g}$ on $\ID$.
Dorff et al. [4], proved that the harmonic convolution of right half-plane mapping with dilatation -z and mapping f_β= h_β+ \bar{g}_β, where f_βis obtained by shearing of analytic vertical strip mapping, with dilatation e^{iθ}z^n; n = 1,2,θ\in R, is in S_H^0 and is convex in the direction of the real axis. In this paper, by using Cohn's rule, we generalize this result by considering dilatations (a-z)/(1-az), a\in (-1,1) and e^{iθ} z^n (n\in N;θ\in R) of right half-plane mapping and f_β, respectively.
Let $f=h+\overline{g}$ be a harmonic univalent map in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, where $h $ and $g$ are analytic. We obtain an improved estimate for the second coefficient of $h$. This indeed is the first qualitative improvement after the appearance of the papers by Clunie and Sheil-Small in 1984, and by Sheil-Small in 1990. Also, when the sup-norm of the dilatation is less than $1$, it is shown that the spherical area of the covering surface of $h$ is dominated by the spherical area of the covering surface of $f.$
In this article we prove Bohr inequalities for sense-preserving $K$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings defined in $\mathbb{D}$ and obtain the corresponding results for sense-preserving harmonic mappings by letting $K\to\infty$. One of the results includes the sharpened version of a theorem by Kayumov $\textit{et. al.}$ ($\textit{Math. Nachr.}$, 291 (2018), no. 11--12, 1757--1768). In addition Bohr inequalities have been established for uniformly locally univalent holomorphic functions, and for $\log(f(z)/z)$ where $f$ is univalent or inverse of a univalent function.
Let $n\geq 2$. In this paper, we obtain approximation properties of various families of normalized univalent mappings $f$ on the Euclidean unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$ by automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^n$ whose restrictions to $\mathbb{B}^n$ have the same geometric property of $f$. First, we obtain approximation properties of spirallike, convex and $g$-starlike mappings $f$ on $\mathbb{B}^n$ by automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^n$ whose restrictions to $\mathbb{B}^n$ have the same geometric property of $f$, respectively. Next, for a nonresonant operator $A$ with $m(A)>0$, we obtain an a…
The first author proved that the harmonic convolution of a normalized right half-plane mapping with either another normalized right half-plane mapping or a normalized vertical strip mapping is convex in the direction of the real axis. provided that it is locally univalent. In this paper, we prove that in general the assumption of local univalency cannot be omitted. However, we are able to show that in some cases these harmonic convolutions are locally univalent. Using this we obtain interesting examples of univalent harmonic maps one of which is a map onto the plane with two parallel slits.
We prove that if the Schwarzian norm of a given complex-valued locally univalent harmonic mapping $f$ in the unit disk is small enough, then $f$ is, indeed, globally univalent and can be extended to a quasiconformal mapping in the extended complex plane.
We construct embeddings of Bers slices of ideal polygon reflection groups into the classical family of univalent functions $Σ$. This embedding is such that the conformal mating of the reflection group with the anti-holomorphic polynomial $z\mapsto\overline{z}^d$ is the Schwarz reflection map arising from the corresponding map in $Σ$. We characterize the image of this embedding in $Σ$ as a family of univalent rational maps. Moreover, we show that the limit set of every Kleinian reflection group in the closure of the Bers slice is naturally homeomorphic to the Julia set of an anti-holomorphic po…
We consider support points of the class $S^0(\mathbb{D}^n)$ of normalized univalent mappings on the polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ with parametric representation and we prove sharp estimates for coefficients of degree 2.
We consider the class of all sense-preserving harmonic mappings $f= h+\overline{g}$ of the unit disk $\ID$, where $h$ and $g$ are analytic with $g(0)=0$, and determine the Bohr radius if any one of the following conditions holds: \bee $h$ is bounded in $\ID$. $h$ satisfies the condition ${\rm Re}\, h(z)\leq 1$ in $\mathbb{D}$ with $h(0)>0$. both $h$ and $g$ are bounded in $\ID$. $h$ is bounded and $g'(0)=0$. \eee We also consider the problem of determining the Bohr radius when the supremum of the modulus of the dilatation of $f$ in $\ID$ is strictly less than $1$. In addition, we determine the…
We study chordal Loewner families in the upper half-plane and show that they have a parametric representation. We show one, that to every chordal Loewner family there corresponds a unique measurable family of probability measures on the real line, and two, that to every measurable family of probability measures on the real line there corresponds a unique chordal Loewner family. In both cases the correspondence is being given by solving the chordal Loewner equation. We use this to show that any probability measure on the real line with finite variance and mean zero has univalent Cauchy transfor…
The primary aim of this article is to extend certain inequalities concerning the pre-Schwarzian derivatives from the case of analytic univalent functions to that of univalent harmonic mappings defined on certain domains. This is done in two different ways. One of the ways is to connect with a conjecture on the univalent harmonic mappings. Also, we improve certain known results on the majorization of the Jacobian of functions in the affine and linear invariant family of sense-preserving harmonic mappings. This is achieved as an application of a corresponding distortion theorem in terms of the h…
The principal goal of this paper is to extend the classical problem of find the values of $α\in \C$ for which the mappings, either $F_α(z)=\int_0^z(f(ζ)/ζ)^αdζ$ or $f_α(z)=\int_0^z(f'(ζ))^αdζ$ are univalent, whenever $f$ belongs to some subclasses of univalent mappings in $\D$, but in the case of harmonic mappings, considering the \textit{shear construction} introduced by Clunie and Sheil-Small in \cite{CSS}.
Dorff, proved in [2] that the convolution of two harmonic right-half plane mappings is convex in the direction of real axis provided that the convolution is locally univalent and sense preserving. Later, it was shown in [3] that the condition of locally univalent and sense preserving can be dropped in some special cases. In this paper, we generalize the main result from [3].
A starlike univalent function $f$ is characterized by the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$; several subclasses of these functions were studied in the past by restricting the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$ to take values in a region $Ω$ on the right-half plane, or, equivalently, by requiring the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$ to be subordinate to the corresponding mapping of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ to the region $Ω$. The mappings $w_1(z):=z+\sqrt{1+z^2}, w_2(z):=\sqrt{1+z}$ and $w_3(z):=e^z$ maps the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ to various regions in the right half plane. For normalized analytic functions $f$ satisfying th…
In 1914 Bohr proved that there is an $r_0 \in(0,1)$ such that if a power series $\sum_{m=0}^\infty c_m z^m$ is convergent in the open unit disc and $|\sum_{m=0}^\infty c_m z^m|<1$ then, $\sum_{m=0}^\infty |c_m z^m|<1$ for $|z|<r_0$. The largest value of such $r_0$ is called the Bohr radius. In this article, we find Bohr radius for some univalent harmonic mappings having different dilatations and in addition, also compute Bohr radius for the functions convex in one direction.
Let ${\mathcal S^0}(H_γ)$ denote the class of all univalent, harmonic, sense-preserving and normalized mappings $f$ of the unit disk $\ID$ onto the slanted half-plane $H_γ:=\{w:\,{\rm Re\,}(e^{iγ}w) >-1/2\}$ with an additional condition $f_{\bar{z}}(0)=0$. Functions in this class can be constructed by the shear construction due to Clunie and Sheil-Small which allows by examining their conformal counterpart. Unlike the conformal case, convolution of two univalent harmonic convex mappings in $\ID$ is not necessarily even univalent in $\ID$. In this paper, we fix $f_0\in{\mathcal S^0}(H_{0})$ and…
In this paper, we obtain a new characterization for univalent harmonic mappings and obtain a structural formula for the associated function which defines the analytic $Φ$-like functions in the unit disk. The new criterion stated in this article for the injectivity of harmonic mappings implies the well-known results of Kas'yanyuk \cite{Kas59} and Brickman \cite{Brick73} for analytic functions, but with a simpler proof than theirs. A number of consequences of the characterization, and examples are also presented. Further investigation provides a new method to construct univalent harmonic mapping…
The well-known Schwarz-Pick lemma states that any analytic mapping $ϕ$ of the unit disk $U$ into itself satisfies the inequality $$|ϕ'(z)|\leq \frac{1-|ϕ(z)|^2}{1-|z|^2}, \quad z\in U.$$ This estimate remains the same if we restrict ourselves to univalent mappings. The lower estimate is $|ϕ'(z)|\geq 0$ generally or $|ϕ'(z)|> 0$ for univalent functions. To make the lower estimate non-trivial we consider univalent functions and fix the angular limit and the angular derivative at some points of the unit circle. In order to obtain sharp estimates we make use of the reduced modulus of a digon.
In this note we discuss some problems related to conformal slit-mappings. On the one hand, classical Loewner theory leads us to questions concerning the embedding of univalent functions into slit-like Loewner chains. On the other hand, a recent result from monotone probability theory motivates the study of univalent functions from a probabilistic perspective.
Quantitative estimates are obtained for the (finite) valence of functions analytic in the unit disk with Schwarzian derivative that is bounded or of slow growth. A harmonic mapping is shown to be uniformly locally univalent with respect to the hyperbolic metric if and only if it has finite Schwarzian norm, thus generalizing a result of B. Schwarz for analytic functions. A numerical bound is obtained for the Schwarzian norms of univalent harmonic mappings.
Convolutions or Hadamard products of analytic functions is a well explored area of research and many nice results are available in literature. On the other hand, very little is known in general about the convolutions of univalent harmonic mappings. So, researchers started exploring properties of convolutions of some specific univalent harmonic mappings and while doing so, they have mostly used well known Cohn's rule or/and Schur-Cohn's algorithm, which involves computations that are very cumbersome. The main objective of this article is to present an alternative approach, which requires very l…
Given a conformal mapping $f$ of the unit disk $\mathbb D$ onto a simply connected domain $D$ in the complex plane bounded by a closed Jordan curve, we consider the problem of constructing a matching conformal mapping, i.e., the mapping of the exterior of the unit disk $\mathbb D^*$ onto the exterior domain $D^*$ regarding to $D$. The answer is expressed in terms of a linear differential equation with a driving term given as the kernel of an operator dependent on the original mapping $f$. Examples are provided. This study is related to the problem of conformal welding and to representation of …
Making use of the Hadamard product(or convolution), we find some estimates on the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients $|a_{2}|$ and $|a_{3}|$ for functions belong to bi univalent functions of the Bazilevi$\check{c}$ type of order $γ$. Several (known or new) consequences of the results are also pointed out.
