In this paper, we introduce a class of complex-valued polyharmonic mappings, denoted by $HS_{p}(λ)$, and its subclass $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$, where $λ\in [0,1]$ is a constant. These classes are natural generalizations of a class of mappings studied by Goodman in 1950's. We generalize the main results of Avci and Złotkiewicz from 1990's to the classes $HS_{p}(λ)$ and $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$, showing that the mappings in $HS_{p}(λ)$ are univalent and sense preserving. We also prove that the mappings in $HS_{p}^{0}(λ)$ are starlike with respect to the origin, and characterize the extremal points of the above classes.
In this paper we prove a Radó type result showing that there is no univalent polyharmonic mapping of the unit disk onto the whole complex plane. We also establish a connection between the boundary functions of harmonic and biharmonic mappings. Finally, we show how a close-to-convex biharmonic mapping can be constructed from a convex harmonic mapping.
The paper is devoted to the study of compositions of polyharmonic mappings in simply connected domains. More precisely, we determine necessary and sufficient conditions of polyharmonic mapping $f$ such that $f\circ F$ (resp. $F\circ f$) is $l$-harmonic for any analytic function (or harmonic mapping but not analytic, or $q$-harmonic mapping but not $(q-1)$-harmonic) $F$.
In this paper, we first find an estimate for the range of polyharmonic mappings in the class $HC_{p}^{0}$. Then, we obtain two characterizations in terms of the convolution for polyharmonic mappings to be starlike of order $α$, and convex of order $β$, respectively. Finally, we study the radii of starlikeness and convexity for polyharmonic mappings, under certain coefficient conditions.
In this paper, we continue our investigation of polyharmonic mappings in the complex plane. First, we establish two Landau type theorems. We also show a three circles type theorem and an area version of the Schwarz lemma. Finally, we study Lipschitz continuity of polyharmonic mappings with respect to the distance ratio metric.
In this paper, we first investigate coefficient estimates for bounded polyharmonic mappings in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$. Then, we obtain two versions of Landau's theorem for polyharmonics mapping $F$, and for the mappings of the type $L(F)$, where $L$ is the differential operator of Abdulhadi, Abu Muhanna and Khuri. Examples and numerical estimates are given.
We give coefficient estimates for a class of close-to-convex harmonic mappings, and discuss the Fekete-Szegő problem of it. We also introduce two classes of polyharmonic mappings $\mathcal{HS}_{p}$ and $\mathcal{HC}_{p}$, consider the starlikeness and convexity of them, and obtain coefficient estimates on them. Finally, we give a necessary condition for a mapping $F$ to be in the class $\mathcal{HC}_{p}$.
In this paper, a class of $\log$-polyharmonic mappings $\mathcal{L}_p\mathcal{H}$ together with its subclass $\mathcal{L}_p\mathcal{H}(G)$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z: |z|<1\}$ is introduced, and several geometrical properties such as the starlikeness, convexity and univalence are investigated. In particular, we consider the Goodman-Saff conjecture and prove that the conjecture is true in $\mathcal{L}_p\mathcal{H}(G)$.
Complex-valued harmonic functions that are univalent and sense-preserving in the open unit disk are widely studied. A new methodology is employed to construct subclasses of univalent harmonic mappings from a given subfamily of univalent analytic functions. The notion of harmonic Alexander integral operator is introduced. Also, the radius of convexity for certain families of harmonic functions is determined.
In this paper, we consider the class of uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk and build a relationship between its pre-Schwarzian norm and uniformly hyperbolic radius. Also, we establish eight ways of characterizing uniformly locally univalent sense-preserving harmonic mappings. We also present some sharp distortions and growth estimates and investigate their connections with Hardy spaces. Finally, we study subordination principles of norm estimates.
The primary aim of this paper is to characterize the uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk. Then, we obtain sharp distortion, growth and covering theorems for one parameter family ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ of uniformly locally univalent harmonic mappings. Finally, we show that the subclass of $k$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings in ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ and the class ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$ are contained in the Hardy space of a specific exponent depending on the $λ$, respectively, and we also discuss the growth of coefficients for harmonic mappings in ${\mathcal B}_{H}(λ)$.
We investigate the relationship between the univalence of $f$ and of $h$ in the decomposition $f=h+\bar{g}$ of a sense-preserving harmonic mapping defined in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}\subset\mathbb{C}$. Among other results, we determine the holomorphic univalent maps $h$ for which there exists $c>0$ such that every harmonic mapping of the form $f=h+\bar{g}$ with $|g'|< c|h'|$ is univalent. The notion of a linearly connected domain appears in our study in a relevant way.
In the present paper, we introduce a family of univalent harmonic functions, which map the unit disk onto domains convex in the direction of the imaginary axis. We find conditions for the linear combinations of mappings from this family to be univalent and convex in the direction of the imaginary axis. Linear combinations of functions from this family and harmonic mappings obtained by shearing of analytic vertical strip maps are also studied.
In the present paper, we derive several conditions of linear combinations and convolutions of harmonic mappings to be univalent and convex in one direction, one of them gives a partial answer to an open problem proposed by Dorff. The results presented here provide extensions and improvements of those given in some earlier works. Several examples of univalent harmonic mappings convex in one direction are also constructed to demonstrate the main results.
In this article, we determine the radius of univalence of sections of normalized univalent harmonic mappings for which the range is convex (resp. starlike, close-to-convex, convex in one direction). Our result on the radius of univalence of section $s_{n,n}(f)$ is sharp especially when the corresponding mappings have convex range. In this case, each section $s_{n,n}(f)$ is univalent in the disk of radius $1/4$ for all $n\geq2$, which may be compared with classical result of Szegö on conformal mappings.
We construct sense-preserving univalent harmonic mappings which map the unit disk onto a domain which is convex in the horizontal direction, but with varying dilatation. Also, we obtain minimal surfaces associated with such harmonic mappings. This solves also a recent problem of Dorff and Muir (Abstr. Appl. Anal. (2014)). In several of the cases, we illustrate mappings together with their minimal surfaces pictorially with the help of \texttt{Mathematica} software.
We describe the value set $\{f(z_0)\,:\, f:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{D} \text{ univalent}, f(0)=0, f'(0)= e^{-T} \},$ where $\mathbb{D}$ denotes the unit disc and $z_0\in\mathbb{D}\setminus\{0\}$, $T>0,$ by applying Pontryagin's maximum principle to the radial Loewner equation.
We consider the class univalent log-harmonic mappings on the unit disk. Firstly, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a complex-valued continuous function to be starlike or convex in the unit disk. Then we present a general idea, for example, to construct log-harmonic Koebe mapping, log-harmonic right half-plane mapping and log-harmonic two-slits mapping and then we show precise ranges of these mappings. Moreover, coefficient estimates for univalent log-harmonic starlike mappings are obtained. Growth and distortion theorems for certain special subclass of log-harmonic mappings are…
In this paper using $q$ calculus operator we obtain some sufficient conditions on $f_1$ and $f_2$ so that their linear combination $% f=tf_{1}+(1-t)f_{2},\ t\in \left[ 0,1\right] $, is univalent and convex in the direction of the real axis. Some examples are also illustrated to support our main results.
We consider the convolution of half-plane harmonic mappings with respective dilatations $(z+a)/(1+az)$ and $e^{iθ}z^{n}$, where $-1<a<1$ and $θ\in\mathbb{R},n\in\mathbb{N}$. We prove that such convolutions are locally univalent for $n=1$, which solves an open problem of Dorff et. al (see \cite[Problem~3.26]{Bshouty2010}). Moreover, we provide some numerical computations to illustrate that such convolutions are not univalent for $n\geq 2$.
The hereditary property of convexity and starlikeness for conformal mappings does not generalize to univalent harmonic mappings. This failure leads us to the notion of fully starlike and convex mappings of order α, (0\leq α<1). A bound for the radius of fully starlikeness and fully convexity of order αis determined for certain families of univalent harmonic mappings. Convexity is not preserved under the convolution of univalent harmonic convex mappings, unlike in the analytic case. Given two univalent harmonic convex mappings f and g, the problem of finding the radius r_{0} such that f*g is a …
For a univalent smooth mapping $f$ of the unit disk $\ID$ of complex plane onto the manifold $f(\ID)$, let $d_f(z_0)$ be the radius of the largest univalent disk on the manifold $f(\ID)$ centered at $f(z_0)$ ($|z_0|<1$). The main aim of the present article is to investigate how the radius $d_h(z_0)$ varies when the analytic function $h$ is replaced by a sense-preserving harmonic function $f=h+\overline{g}$. The main result includes sharp upper and lower bounds for the quotient $d_f(z_0)/d_h(z_0)$, especially, for a family of locally univalent $Q$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings $f=h+\overline…
Let ${\mathcal S}$ denote the set of all univalent analytic functions $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_n z^n$ on the unit disk $|z|<1$. In 1946 B. Friedman found that the set $\mathcal S$ of those functions which have integer coefficients consists of only nine functions. In a recent paper Hiranuma and Sugawa proved that the similar set obtained for the functions with half-integer coefficients consists of twelve functions in addition to the nine. In this paper, the main aim is to discuss the class of all sense-preserving univalent harmonic mappings $f$ on the unit disk with integer or half-integer …
We determine the representation theorem, distortion theorem, coefficients estimate and Bohr's radius for log-harmonic starlike mappings of order $α$, which are generalization of some earlier results. In addition, the inner mapping radius of log-harmonic mappings is also established by constructing a family of $1$-slit log-harmonic mappings. Finally, we introduce pre-Schwarzian, Schwarzian derivatives and Bloch's norm for non-vanishing log-harmonic mappings, several properties related to these are also obtained.
In this paper, we obtain coefficient criteria for a normalized harmonic function defined in the unit disk to be close-to-convex and fully starlike, respectively. Using these coefficient conditions, we present different classes of harmonic close-to-convex (resp. fully starlike) functions involving Gaussian hypergeometric functions. In addition, we present a convolution characterization for a class of univalent harmonic functions discussed recently by Mocanu, and later by Bshouty and Lyzzaik in 2010. Our approach provide examples of harmonic polynomials that are close-to-convex and starlike, res…
In this paper, we first prove the coefficient conjecture of Clunie and Sheil-Small for a class of univalent harmonic functions which includes functions convex in some direction. Next, we prove growth and covering theorems and some related results. Finally, we propose two conjectures. An affirmative answer to one of which would then imply for example a solution to the conjecture of Clunie and Sheil-Small.
In this article, a subclass of univalent harmonic mapping is introduced by restricting its analytic part to lie in the class $\mathcal{S}^δ[α]$, $0\leq α< 1$, $-\infty < δ< \infty$ which has been introduced and studied by Kumar \cite{Kumar87} (see also \cite{Mishra95}, \cite{MishraChoudhury95}, \cite{MishraDas96}, \cite{MishraGochhayat06}). Coefficient estimations, growth and distortion properties, area theorem and covering estimates of functions in the newly defined class have been established. Furthermore, we also found bounds for the Bloch's constant for all functions in that family.
A 2p-times continuously differentiable complex valued function $f = u + iv$ in a simply connected domain is polyharmonic (or p-harmonic) if it satisfies the polyharmonic equation $Δ^pF = 0$ . Every polyharmonic mapping f can be written as $f(z) =\sum_{k}^{p} |z|^{2(p-1)}G_{p-k+1}(z)$ where each $G_{p-k+1}$ is harmonic. In this paper we investigate the univalence of polyharmonic mappings on linearly connected domains and the relation between univalence of f(z) and that of $G_p(z)$. The notions of stable univalence and logpolyharminc mappings are also considered.
We prove several improved versions of Bohr's inequality for the harmonic mappings of the form $f=h+\overline{g}$, where $h$ is bounded by 1 and $|g'(z)|\le|h'(z)|$. The improvements are obtained along the lines of an earlier work of Kayumov and Ponnusamy, i.e. \cite{KayPon2}, for example a term related to the area of the image of the disk $D(0,r)$ under the mapping $f$ is considered. Our results are sharp. In addition, further improvements of the main results for certain special classes of harmonic mappings are provided.
Let $\mathcal{S}_H^0$ denote the class of all functions $f(z)=h(z)+\overline{g(z)}=z+\sum^\infty_{n=2} a_nz^n +\overline{\sum^\infty_{n=2} b_nz^n}$ that are sense-preserving, harmonic and univalent in the open unit disk $|z|<1$. The coefficient conjecture for $\mathcal{S}_H^0$ is still \emph{open} even for $|a_2|$. The aim of this paper is to show that if $f=h+\overline{g} \in \mathcal{S}^0_H$ then $ |a_n| < 5.24 \times 10^{-6} n^{17}$ and $|b_n| < 2.32 \times 10^{-7}n^{17}$ for all $n \geq 3$. Making use of these coefficient estimates, we also obtain radius of univalence of sections of unival…
Let $\ast$ and $\widetilde {\ast}$ denote the convolution of two analytic maps and that of an analytic map and a harmonic map respectively. Pokhrel [1] proved that if $f = h+\overline{g}$ is a harmonic map convex in the direction of $e^{iγ}$ and $ϕ$ is an analytic map in the class DCP, then $f\widetilde{\ast} ϕ= h\widetilde{\ast}ϕ+ \overline{g\widetilde{\ast}ϕ}$ is also convex in the direction of $e^{iγ}$, provided $f\widetilde{\ast}ϕ$ is locally univalent and sense-preserving. In the present paper we obtain a general condition under which $f\widetilde{\ast} ϕ$ is locally univalent and sense-p…
In this paper, we investigate the properties of locally univalent and multivalent planar harmonic mappings. First, we discuss the coefficient estimates and Landau's Theorem for some classes of locally univalent harmonic mappings, and then we study some Lipschitz-type spaces for locally univalent and multivalent harmonic mappings.
We consider the class of all sense-preserving complex-valued harmonic mappings $f=h+\bar {g}$ defined on the unit disk $\ID$ with the normalization $h(0)=h'(0)-1=0$ and $g(0)=g'(0)=0$ with the second complex dilatation $ω:\,\ID\rightarrow \ID$, $g'(z)=ω(z)h'(z)$. In this paper, the authors determine sufficient conditions on $h$ and $ω$ that would imply the univalence of harmonic mappings $f=h+\bar {g}$ on $\ID$.
In this paper we study some extremal problems for the family $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$ of normalized univalent mappings with $g$-parametric representation on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_X$ of an $n$-dimensional JB$^*$-triple $X$ with $r\geq 2$, where $r$ is the rank of $X$ and $g$ is a convex (univalent) function on the unit disc $\mathbb{U}$, which satisfies some natural assumptions. We obtain sharp coefficient bounds for the family $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$, and examples of bounded support points for various subsets of $S_g^0(\mathbb{B}_X)$. Our results are generalizations to bounded symmetric domains…
Dorff et al. [4], proved that the harmonic convolution of right half-plane mapping with dilatation -z and mapping f_β= h_β+ \bar{g}_β, where f_βis obtained by shearing of analytic vertical strip mapping, with dilatation e^{iθ}z^n; n = 1,2,θ\in R, is in S_H^0 and is convex in the direction of the real axis. In this paper, by using Cohn's rule, we generalize this result by considering dilatations (a-z)/(1-az), a\in (-1,1) and e^{iθ} z^n (n\in N;θ\in R) of right half-plane mapping and f_β, respectively.
Let $f=h+\overline{g}$ be a harmonic univalent map in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, where $h $ and $g$ are analytic. We obtain an improved estimate for the second coefficient of $h$. This indeed is the first qualitative improvement after the appearance of the papers by Clunie and Sheil-Small in 1984, and by Sheil-Small in 1990. Also, when the sup-norm of the dilatation is less than $1$, it is shown that the spherical area of the covering surface of $h$ is dominated by the spherical area of the covering surface of $f.$
In this article we prove Bohr inequalities for sense-preserving $K$-quasiconformal harmonic mappings defined in $\mathbb{D}$ and obtain the corresponding results for sense-preserving harmonic mappings by letting $K\to\infty$. One of the results includes the sharpened version of a theorem by Kayumov $\textit{et. al.}$ ($\textit{Math. Nachr.}$, 291 (2018), no. 11--12, 1757--1768). In addition Bohr inequalities have been established for uniformly locally univalent holomorphic functions, and for $\log(f(z)/z)$ where $f$ is univalent or inverse of a univalent function.
Suppose that $f$ satisfies the following: $(1)$ the polyharmonic equation $Δ^{m}f=Δ(Δ^{m-1} f)$$=φ_{m}$ $(φ_{m}\in \mathcal{C}(\overline{\mathbb{B}^{n}},\mathbb{R}^{n}))$, (2) the boundary conditions $Δ^{0}f=φ_{0},Δ^{1}f=φ_{1},~\ldots,~Δ^{m-1}f=φ_{m-1}$ on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ ($φ_{j}\in \mathcal{C}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1},\mathbb{R}^{n})$ for $j\in\{0,1,\ldots,m-1\}$ and $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$ denotes the boundary of the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^{n}$), and $(3)$ $f(0)=0$, where $n\geq3$ and $m\geq1$ are integers. Initially, we prove a Schwarz type lemma and use it to obtain a Heinz type inequality of mapping…
Let $n\geq 2$. In this paper, we obtain approximation properties of various families of normalized univalent mappings $f$ on the Euclidean unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$ by automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^n$ whose restrictions to $\mathbb{B}^n$ have the same geometric property of $f$. First, we obtain approximation properties of spirallike, convex and $g$-starlike mappings $f$ on $\mathbb{B}^n$ by automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^n$ whose restrictions to $\mathbb{B}^n$ have the same geometric property of $f$, respectively. Next, for a nonresonant operator $A$ with $m(A)>0$, we obtain an a…
The first author proved that the harmonic convolution of a normalized right half-plane mapping with either another normalized right half-plane mapping or a normalized vertical strip mapping is convex in the direction of the real axis. provided that it is locally univalent. In this paper, we prove that in general the assumption of local univalency cannot be omitted. However, we are able to show that in some cases these harmonic convolutions are locally univalent. Using this we obtain interesting examples of univalent harmonic maps one of which is a map onto the plane with two parallel slits.
We prove that if the Schwarzian norm of a given complex-valued locally univalent harmonic mapping $f$ in the unit disk is small enough, then $f$ is, indeed, globally univalent and can be extended to a quasiconformal mapping in the extended complex plane.
We consider support points of the class $S^0(\mathbb{D}^n)$ of normalized univalent mappings on the polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ with parametric representation and we prove sharp estimates for coefficients of degree 2.
We consider the class of all sense-preserving harmonic mappings $f= h+\overline{g}$ of the unit disk $\ID$, where $h$ and $g$ are analytic with $g(0)=0$, and determine the Bohr radius if any one of the following conditions holds: \bee $h$ is bounded in $\ID$. $h$ satisfies the condition ${\rm Re}\, h(z)\leq 1$ in $\mathbb{D}$ with $h(0)>0$. both $h$ and $g$ are bounded in $\ID$. $h$ is bounded and $g'(0)=0$. \eee We also consider the problem of determining the Bohr radius when the supremum of the modulus of the dilatation of $f$ in $\ID$ is strictly less than $1$. In addition, we determine the…
The primary aim of this article is to extend certain inequalities concerning the pre-Schwarzian derivatives from the case of analytic univalent functions to that of univalent harmonic mappings defined on certain domains. This is done in two different ways. One of the ways is to connect with a conjecture on the univalent harmonic mappings. Also, we improve certain known results on the majorization of the Jacobian of functions in the affine and linear invariant family of sense-preserving harmonic mappings. This is achieved as an application of a corresponding distortion theorem in terms of the h…
The principal goal of this paper is to extend the classical problem of find the values of $α\in \C$ for which the mappings, either $F_α(z)=\int_0^z(f(ζ)/ζ)^αdζ$ or $f_α(z)=\int_0^z(f'(ζ))^αdζ$ are univalent, whenever $f$ belongs to some subclasses of univalent mappings in $\D$, but in the case of harmonic mappings, considering the \textit{shear construction} introduced by Clunie and Sheil-Small in \cite{CSS}.
Dorff, proved in [2] that the convolution of two harmonic right-half plane mappings is convex in the direction of real axis provided that the convolution is locally univalent and sense preserving. Later, it was shown in [3] that the condition of locally univalent and sense preserving can be dropped in some special cases. In this paper, we generalize the main result from [3].
Suppose that $f$ is a $K$-quasiconformal ($(K,K')$-quasiconformal resp.) self-mapping of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, which satisfies the following: $(1)$ the inhomogeneous polyharmonic equation $Δ^{n}f=Δ(Δ^{n-1} f)=φ_{n}$ $(φ_{n}\in \mathcal{C}(\overline{\mathbb{D}}))$, (2) the boundary conditions $Δ^{n-1}f|_{\mathbb{T}}=φ_{n-1},~\ldots,~Δ^{1}f|_{\mathbb{T}}=φ_{1}$ ($φ_{j}\in\mathcal{C}(\mathbb{T})$ for $j\in\{1,\ldots,n-1\}$ and $\mathbb{T}$ denotes the unit circle), and $(3)$ $f(0)=0$, where $n\geq2$ is an integer and $K\geq1$ ($K'\geq0$ resp.). The main aim of this paper is to prove that $f…
A starlike univalent function $f$ is characterized by the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$; several subclasses of these functions were studied in the past by restricting the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$ to take values in a region $Ω$ on the right-half plane, or, equivalently, by requiring the function $zf'(z)/f(z)$ to be subordinate to the corresponding mapping of the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ to the region $Ω$. The mappings $w_1(z):=z+\sqrt{1+z^2}, w_2(z):=\sqrt{1+z}$ and $w_3(z):=e^z$ maps the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ to various regions in the right half plane. For normalized analytic functions $f$ satisfying th…
Let ${\mathcal S^0}(H_γ)$ denote the class of all univalent, harmonic, sense-preserving and normalized mappings $f$ of the unit disk $\ID$ onto the slanted half-plane $H_γ:=\{w:\,{\rm Re\,}(e^{iγ}w) >-1/2\}$ with an additional condition $f_{\bar{z}}(0)=0$. Functions in this class can be constructed by the shear construction due to Clunie and Sheil-Small which allows by examining their conformal counterpart. Unlike the conformal case, convolution of two univalent harmonic convex mappings in $\ID$ is not necessarily even univalent in $\ID$. In this paper, we fix $f_0\in{\mathcal S^0}(H_{0})$ and…
In this paper, we obtain a new characterization for univalent harmonic mappings and obtain a structural formula for the associated function which defines the analytic $Φ$-like functions in the unit disk. The new criterion stated in this article for the injectivity of harmonic mappings implies the well-known results of Kas'yanyuk \cite{Kas59} and Brickman \cite{Brick73} for analytic functions, but with a simpler proof than theirs. A number of consequences of the characterization, and examples are also presented. Further investigation provides a new method to construct univalent harmonic mapping…
