Let $G$ be a simple complex Lie group with Weyl group $W$. We give a formula for the character of $W$ on the zero weight space of any finite dimensional representation of $G$. The formula involves partition functions, generalizing Kostant's partition function. On the elliptic set of $W$ the partition functions are trivial. On the elliptic regular set, the character formula is a monomial product of certain co-roots, up to a constant equal to $0$ or $\pm 1$. For a Coxeter element we recover Kostant's formula for this trace. If the long element $w_0=-1$, our formula leads to a method for determining all representations of $G$ for which the zero weight space is irreducible.
We generalize I. Frenkel's orbital theory for non twisted affine Lie algebras to the case of twisted affine Lie algebras using a character formula for certain non-connected compact Lie groups.
This manuscript contains tables giving the multiplicities with which irreducible characters of exceptional Weyl groups appear in characters induced from certain reflection subgroups containing maximal parabolic subgroups.
For any ordinary irreducible character of a maximal reflection subgroup of type $D_aD_b$ of a type $D$ Weyl group we give an explicit decomposition of the induced character in terms of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients.
Let $G$ be a reductive group over a field of prime characteristic. An indecomposable tilting module for $G$ whose highest weight lies above the Steinberg weight has a character that is divisible by the Steinberg character. The resulting "Steinberg quotient" carries important information about $G$-modules, and in previous work we studied patterns in the weight multiplicities of these characters. In this paper we broaden our scope to include quantum Steinberg quotients, and show how the multiplicities in these characters relate to algebraic Steinberg quotients, Weyl characters, and evaluations o…
We study the characters of simple modules in the parabolic BGG category of the affine Lie algebra in Deligne's category. More specifically, we take the limit of Weyl-Kac formula to compute the character of the irreducible quotient $L(X,k)$ of the parabolic Verma module $M(X,k)$ of level $k$, where $X$ is an indecomposable object of Deligne's category $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(GL_t)$, $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(O_t)$, or $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(Sp_t)$, under conditions that the highest weight of $X$ plus the level gives a fundamental weight, $t$ is transcendental, and the base field $\Bbbk$ ha…
The tables of this title are a first attempt to understand empirically the sizes of certain distinguished sets, introduced by Hankyung Ko, of elements in affine Weyl groups. The sizes are relevant to the computational efficiency of direct approaches to computing characters of modular representations of algebraic groups from characters of corresponding irreducible representations of quantum groups.
Let $V$ be an $n$-dimensional algebraic representation over an algebraically closed field $K$ of a group $G$. For $m > 0$, we study the invariant rings $K[V^{ m}]^G$ for the diagonal action of $G$ on $V^m$. In characteristic zero, a theorem of Weyl tells us that we can obtain all the invariants in $K[V^m]^G$ by the process of polarization and restitution from $K[V^n]^G$. In particular, this means that if $K[V^n]^G$ is generated in degree $\leq d$, then so is $K[V^m]^G$ no matter how large $m$ is. There are several explicit counterexamples to Weyl's theorem in positive characteristic. However, …
Let $G_{\mathbb R}$ be the set of real points of a complex linear reductive group and $\hat G_λ$ its classes of irreducible admissible representations with infinitesimal integral regular character $λ$. In this case each cell of representations is associated to a \emph{special} nilpotent orbit. This helps organize the corresponding set of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules. The goal of this paper is to is to describe algorithms for identifying the special nilpotent orbit attached to a cell in terms of descent sets appearing in the cell.
The purpose of this paper is to begin an exploration of connections between the Baum-Connes conjecture in operator $\K$-theory and the geometric representation theory of reductive Lie groups. Our initial goal is very modest, and we shall not stray far from the realm of compact groups, where geometric representation theory amounts to elaborations of the Weyl character formula such as the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. We shall recast the topological $\K$-theory approach to the Weyl character formula, due basically to Atiyah and Bott, in the language of Kasparov's $\K\K$-theory. Then we shall show how…
We construct multiple Dirichlet series in several complex variables whose coefficients involve quadratic residue symbols. The series are shown to have an analytic continuation and satisfy a certain group of functional equations. These are the first examples of an infinite collection of unstable Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series in greater than two variables.
Let B be a reductive Lie subalgebra of a semi-simple Lie algebra of the same rank both over the complex numbers. To each finite dimensional irreducible representation $V_λ$ of F we assign a multiplet of irreducible representations of B with m elements in each multiplet, where m is the index of the Weyl group of B in the Weyl group of F. We obtain a generalization of the Weyl character formula; our formula gives the character of $V_λ$ as a quotient whose numerator is an alternating sum of the characters in the multiplet associated to $V_λ$ and whose denominator is an alternating sum of the char…
Let G be a connected reductive group. We define a map from the set of unipotent classes in G to the set of conjugacy classes in the Weyl group (assuming that the characteristic is not bad). This map is a one sided inverse of a map in the opposite direction constructed in an earlier paper.
The weights of finite-dimensional representations of simple Lie algebras are naturally associated with Weyl polytopes. Representation characters decompose into multiplicity-free sums over the weights in Weyl polytopes. The Brion formula for these Weyl polytope sums is remarkably similar to the Weyl character formula. Moreover, the same Lie characters are also expressible as Demazure character formulas. This motivates a search for new expressions for Weyl polytope sums, and we prove such a formula involving Demazure operators. It applies to the Weyl polytope sums of the simple Lie algebras $A_n…
In this paper we study the family of prime irreducible representations of quantum affine $\lie{sl}_{n+1}$ which arise from the work of D. Hernandez and B. Leclerc. These representations can also be described as follows: the highest weight is a product of distinct fundamental weights with parameters determined by requiring that the representation be minimal by parts. We show that such representations admit a BGG-type resolution where the role of the Verma module is played by the local Weyl module. This leads to a closed formula (the Weyl character formula) for the character of the irreducible r…
We construct a new isomorphism between the endomorphism algebra of an induced cuspidal character sheaf and the group algebra of the relative Weyl group involved. We show it differs from Lusztig one by a linear character, and we relate this linear character to some stabilizers. Some consequences on characteristic functions of character sheaves are obtained. In the forthcoming part II, we will apply these methods to obtain a precision on Digne, Lehrer and Michel's theorem on Lusztig restriction of Gel'fand-Graev characters.
We define a graded graph, called the Schur--Weyl graph, which arises naturally when one considers simultaneously the RSK algorithm and the classical duality between representations of the symmetric and general linear groups. As one of the first applications of this graph, we give a new proof of the completeness of the list of discrete indecomposable characters of the infinite symmetric group.
The construction of all irreducible modules of the symmetric groups over an arbitrary field which reduce to Specht modules in the case of fields of characteristic zero is given by G.D.James. Halıcıoğlu and Morris describe a possible extension of James' work for Weyl groups in general, where Young tableaux are interpreted in terms of root systems. In this paper we show how to construct submodules of Specht modules for Weyl groups.
We prove a weak version of Lusztig's conjecture on explicit description of the asymptotic Hecke algebras (both finite and affine), and explain its relation to Lusztig's classification of character sheaves.
Let $k$ be an infinite field of positive characteristic. We determine all homomorphisms between Weyl modules for $GLn(k)$, where one of the partitions is a hook. As a consequence we obtain a nonvanishing result concerning homomorphisms between Weyl modules for algebraic groups of type B, C and D when one of the partitions is a hook.
Let $G$ be a semisimple algebraic group over a field of characteristic $p > 0$. We prove that the dual Weyl modules for $G$ all have $p$-filtrations when $p$ is not too small. Moreover, we give applications of this theorem to $p^n$-filtrations for $n > 1$, to modules containing the Steinberg module as a tensor factor, and to the Donkin conjecture on modules having $p$-filtrations.
Local Weyl modules over two-dimensional currents with values in $gl_r$ are deformed into spaces with bases related to parking functions. Using this construction we 1) propose a simple proof that dimension of the space of diagonal coinvariants is not less than the number of parking functions; 2) describe the limits of Weyl modules in terms of semi-infinite forms and find the limits of characters; 3) propose a lower bound and state a conjecture for dimensions of Weyl modules with arbitrary highest weights. Also we express characters of deformed Weyl modules in terms of $ρ$-parking functions and …
This note presents a procedure to determine the reduction of the irreducible and the induced characters of the symmetric group in terms of the irreducible and induced characters of the hyperoctahedral group Key Words: Symmetric Group, Hyperoctahedral group, Representations, Characters, Re- duction.
Based on a pair of cohomology operations on so called $δ-2$-formal spaces, we construct the integral cohomology rings of the classifying spaces of the Lie groups $Spin(n)$ and $Spin^{c}(n)$. As applications, we introduce characteristic classes for the reduced topological $K_{Spin}$ theory, determine the ring of integral Weyl invariants of the group $Spin(n)$, and demonstrate their usages in spin geometry.
In this note we generalize several well known results concerning invariants of finite groups from characteristic zero to positive characteristic not dividing the group order. The first is Schmid's relative version of Noether's theorem. That theorem compares the degrees of generators of a group with those of a subgroup. Then we prove a suitable positive characteristic version of Weyl's theorem on vector invariants: polarization works in small degrees. Using that we show that the regular representation has the "most general" ring of invariants, thereby generalizing theorems of Schmid and Smith.
We classify and explicitly construct the irreducible graded representations of anti-spherical Hecke categories which are concentrated in one degree. Each of these homogeneous representations is one-dimensional and can be cohomologically constructed via a BGG resolution involving every (infinite dimensional) standard representation of the category. We hence determine the complete first row of the inverse parabolic $p$-Kazhdan--Lusztig matrix for an arbitrary Coxeter group and an arbitrary parabolic subgroup. This generalises the Weyl--Kac character formula to all Coxeter systems (and their para…
We formulate a strong positivity conjecture on characters afforded by the Alvis-Curtis dual of the intersection cohomology of Deligne-Lusztig varieties. This conjecture provides a powerful tool to determine decomposition numbers of unipotent $\ell$-blocks of finite reductive groups.
In the first part, we construct a new isomorphism between the endomorphism algebra of an induced cuspidal character sheaf and the group algebra of the relative Weyl group involved. We show it differs from the isomorphism of Lusztig by a linear character, and we relate this linear character to some stabilizers. Some consequences for characteristic functions of character sheaves are obtained. In the second part, we compute explicitly this linear character whenever the cuspidal local system is supported by the regular unipotent class and, as an application of these methods, we obtain a refinement…
In joint work with J.-S. Koskivirta, we had previously introduced the notion of "quasi-constant" character (of a maximal torus of a connected reductive group over a field); we showed that over an algebraically closed field it naturally unifies the notions "minuscule" and "co-minuscule". In this note we describe a characterization of quasi-constant fundamental weights in terms of the Weyl group of a maximal Levi subgroup. Equivalently, purely in the language of root systems, the result characterizes special and co-special vertices of Dynkin diagrams in terms of Weyl groups of maximal sub-root s…
We introduce generalized global Weyl modules and relate their graded characters to nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials and nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker functions. In particular, we show that the series part of the nonsymmetric $q$-Whittaker function is a generating function for the graded characters of generalized global Weyl modules.
The classical Peter-Weyl theorem describes the structure of the space of functions on a semi-simple algebraic group. On the level of characters (in type A) this boils down to the Cauchy identity for the products of Schur polynomials. We formulate and prove the analogue of the Peter-Weyl theorem for the current groups. In particular, in type A the corresponding characters identity is governed by the Cauchy identity for the products of q-Whittaker functions. We also formulate and prove a version of the Schur-Weyl theorem for current groups. The link between the Peter-Weyl and Schur-Weyl theorems…
We calculate equivariant elliptic cohomology of the partial flag variety G/H, where H \subseteq G are compact connected Lie groups of equal rank. We identify the RO(G)-graded coefficients Ell_G^* as powers of Looijenga's line bundle and prove that transfer along the map π: G/H -\rightarrow pt is calculated by the Weyl-Kac character formula. Treating ordinary cohomology, K-theory and elliptic cohomology in parallel, this paper organizes the theoretical framework for the elliptic Schubert calculus of [N.Ganter and A.Ram, Elliptic Schubert calculus. In preparation].
Chapuy and Stump have given a nice generating series for the number of factorisations of a Coxeter element as a product of reflections. Their method is to evaluate case by case a character-theoretic expression. The goal of this note is to give a uniform evaluation of their character-theoretic expression in the case of Weyl groups, by using combinatorial properties of Deligne-Lusztig representations.
Let $X$ be a topological space and $G$ a compact connected Lie group acting on $X$. Atiyah proved that the $G$-equivariant K-group of $X$ is a direct summand of the $T$-equivariant K-group of $X$, where $T$ is a maximal torus of $G$. We show that this direct summand is equal to the subgroup of $K_T^*(X)$ annihilated by certain divided difference operators. If $X$ consists of a single point, this assertion amounts to the Weyl character formula. We also give sufficient conditions on $X$ for $K_G^*(X)$ to be isomorphic to the subgroup of Weyl invariants of $K_T^*(X)$.
Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero or positive odd, good characteristic. Let B be a Borel subgroup of G. We show that the spherical conjugacy classes of G intersect only the double cosets of B in G corresponding to involutions in the Weyl group of G. This result is used to prove that for a spherical conjugacy class O with dense B-orbit v_0 contained in BwB there holds l(w)+rk(1-w)=dim(O) extending a characterization of spherical conjugacy classes obtained by N. Cantarini, M. Costantini and the author to the case of groups over fields of …
We exploit the idea that the character of an irreducible finite dimensional $\mathfrak{gl}_n$-module is the sum of certain exponents of integer points in a Gelfand-Tsetlin polytope and can thus be calculated via Brion's theorem. In order to show how the result of such a calculation matches Weyl's character formula we prove some interesting combinatorial traits of Gelfand-Tsetlin polytopes. Namely, we show that under the relevant substitution the integer point transforms of all but $n!$ vertices vanish, the remaining ones being the summands in Weyl's formula.
For an infinite Coxeter system, one can extend the weak right order to the set of infinite reduced words. This is called limit weak order. In [Transformation Groups 18(1), 2013, 179-231], Lam and Pylyavskyy showed that for affine Weyl groups of type $\widetilde{A}_n$ minimal infinite reduced words under the limit weak order are precisely those infinite Coxeter elements and asked the question of characterization, in terms of infinite reduced words, of the minimal elements of the limit weak order for other affine types. In this paper, we answer this question by characterizing the minimal infinit…
Let $W$ be the Weyl group corresponding to a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of rank $\ell$ and let $m>1$ be an integer. In [I21], by applying cluster mutations, a $W$-action on $\mathcal{Y}_m$ was constructed. Here $\mathcal{Y}_m$ is the rational function field on $cm\ell$ commuting variables, where $c \in \{ 1, 2, 3 \}$ depends on $\mathfrak{g}$. This was motivated by the $q$-character map $χ_q$ of the category of finite dimensional representations of quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{g}})$. We showed in [I21] that when $q$ is a root of unity, $\mathrm{Im} χ_q$ …
We prove Schur--Weyl duality between the Brauer algebra $\mathfrak{B}_n(m)$ and the orthogonal group $O_{m}(K)$ over an arbitrary infinite field $K$ of odd characteristic. If $m$ is even, we show that each connected component of the orthogonal monoid is a normal variety; this implies that the orthogonal Schur algebra associated to the identity component is a generalized Schur algebra. As an application of the main result, an explicit and characteristic-free description of the annihilator of $n$-tensor space $V^{\otimes n}$ in the Brauer algebra $mathfrak{B}_n(m)$ is also given.
Character polynomials are used to study the restriction of a polynomial representation of a general linear group to its subgroup of permutation matrices. A simple formula is obtained for computing inner products of class functions given by character polynomials. Character polynomials for symmetric and alternating tensors are computed using generating functions with Eulerian factorizations. These are used to compute character polynomials for Weyl modules, which exhibit a duality. By taking inner products of character polynomials for Weyl modules and character polynomials for Specht modules, sta…
For a finite Lie algebra $G_N$ of rank N, the Weyl orbits $W(Λ^{++})$ of strictly dominant weights $Λ^{++}$ contain $dimW(G_N)$ number of weights where $dimW(G_N)$ is the dimension of its Weyl group $W(G_N)$. For any $W(Λ^{++})$, there is a very peculiar subset $\wp(Λ^{++})$ for which we always have $$ dim\wp(Λ^{++})=dimW(G_N)/dimW(A_{N-1}) . $$ For any dominant weight $ Λ^+ $, the elements of $\wp(Λ^+)$ are called {\bf Permutation Weights}. It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between elements of $\wp(Λ^{++})$ and $\wp(ρ)$ where $ρ$ is the Weyl vector of $G_N$. The concept of…
We consider an infinite quiver $Q(\mathfrak{g})$ and a family of periodic quivers $Q_m(\mathfrak{g})$ for a finite dimensional simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and $m \in \mathbb{Z}_{>1}$. The quiver $Q(\mathfrak{g})$ is essentially same as what introduced by Hernandez and Leclerc for the quantum affine algebra. We construct the Weyl group $W(\mathfrak{g})$ as a subgroup of the cluster modular group for $Q_m(\mathfrak{g})$, in a similar way as what studied by the author, Ishibashi and Oya, and study its applications to the $q$-characters of quantum non-twisted affine algebras $U_q(\hat{\mathf…
We compute $E_G (\prod_i \tr(g^{λ_i}))$, where $G=Sp(2n)$ or $SO(m) (m=2n, 2n+1)$ with Haar measure. This was first obtained by Persi Diaconis and Mehrdad Shahshahani, but our proof is more self-contained and gives a combinatorial description for the answer. We also consider how averages of general symmetric functions $E_G f_n$ are affected when we introduce a Weyl character $χ^G_λ$ into the integrand. We show that the value of $E_G χ^G_λf_n / E_G f_n$ approaches a constant for large $n$. More surprisingly, the ratio we obtain only changes with $f_n$ and $λ$ and is independent of the Cartan ty…
It is known that characters of irreducible representations of finite Lie algebras can be obtained using theWeyl character formula including Weyl group summations which make actual calculations almost impossible except for a few Lie algebras of lower rank. By starting from the Weyl character formula, we show that these characters can be re-expressed without referring to Weyl group summations. Some useful technical points are given in detail for the instructive example of G2 Lie algebra.
In this paper we study the characters of sequences of representations of any of the three families of classical Weyl groups W_n: the symmetric groups, the signed permutation groups (hyperoctahedral groups), or the even-signed permutation groups. Our results extend work of Church, Ellenberg, Farb, and Nagpal on the symmetric groups. We use the concept of an FI_W-module, an algebraic object that encodes the data of a sequence of W_n-representations with maps between them, defined in the author's recent work ArXiv:1309.3817. We show that if a sequence {V_n} of W_n-representations has the structur…
In 1994, Kac and Wakimoto suggested a generalization of Bernstein and Leites character formula for basic Lie superalgebras, and the natural question was raised: to which simple highest weight modules does it apply? In this paper, we prove a similar formula for a large class of finite-dimensional simple modules over the Lie superalgebra gl(m|n), which we call piecewise disconnected modules, or PDC. The class of PDC modules naturally includes totally connected modules and totally disconnected modules, the two families for which similiar character formulas were proven by Su and Zhang as special c…
