We solve connection problem between fundamental solutions at singular points $0$ and $1$ for the generalized hypergeometric function, using analytic continuation of the integral representation. All connection coefficients are products of the sine and the cosecant.
We show a connection formula for the $q$-confluent hypergeometric functions ${}_2φ_1(a,b;0;q,x)$. Combining our connection formula with Zhang's connection formula for ${}_2φ_0(a,b;-;q,x)$, we obtain the connection formula for the $q$-confluent hypergeometric equation in the matrix form. Also we obtain the connection formula of Kummer's confluent hypergeometric functions by taking the limit $q\to 1^{-}$ of our connection formula.
We consider a reducible generalized hypergeometric equation, whose sub-equation possesses apparent singular points. We determine the polynomial whose roots are these points. We show that this polynomial is a generalized hypergeometric polynomial. Key Words and Phrases. the generalized hypergeometric equation, reducible, apparent singular point, minor of Wronskian.
In this paper we apply generalized Stieltjes transform representation to study the generalized hypergeometric function. Among the results thus proved are new integral representations, inequalities, properties of the Padé table and the properties of the generalized hypergeometric function as a conformal map.
We study a connection problem between the fundamental systems of solutions at singular points $0$ and $1$ for the generalized hypergeometric equation which is satisfied by the generalized hypergeometric series ${}_nF_{n-1}$. In general, the local solution space around $x=1$ consists of one dimensional singular solution space and $n-1$ dimensional holomorphic solution space. Therefore in the case of $n\ge3$, the expression of connection matrix depends on the choice of the fundamental system of solutions at $x=1$. On the connection problem for ordinary differential equations, Schäfke and Schmidt…
In this paper, we give an algorithm to generate connection formulas of generalized hypergeometric functions ${}_p F_{p-1}$ for degenerated values of parameters. We also show that these connection formulas give a fast method for numerical evaluation of generalized hypergeometric functions near $\infty$.
In this paper, we investigate the Euler-type integral representations for the generalized hypergeometric matrix function and develop some transformations in terms of hypergeometric matrix functions. Furthermore, unit and half arguments have been provided for several particular cases.
We find an integral representation for the generalized hypergeometric function unifying known representations via generalized Stieltjes, Laplace and cosine Fourier transforms. Using positivity conditions for the weight in this representation we establish various new facts regarding generalized hypergeometric functions, including complete monotonicity, log-convexity in upper parameters, monotonicity of ratios and new proofs of Luke's bounds. Besides, we derive two-sided inequalities for the Bessel type hypergeometric functions by using their series representations.
The paper studies logarithmic convexity and concavity of the generalized hypergeometric function with respect to simultaneous shift of several parameters. We use integral representations and properties of Meijer's $G$ function to prove log-convexity. When all parameters are shifted we use series manipulations to examine the power series coefficients of the generalized Turánian formed by the generalized hypergeometric function. In cases when all zeros of the generalized hypergeometric function are real, we further explore the consequences of the extended Laguerre inequalities and formulate a co…
As for the positivity of ${}_1F_2$ generalized hypergeometric functions, we present a list of necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of parameters and determine the region of positivity by certain Newton diagram.
Starting from the Rodrigues representation of polynomial solutions of the general hypergeometric-type differential equation complementary polynomials are constructed using a natural method. Among the key results is a generating function in closed form leading to short and transparent derivations of recursion relations and an addition theorem. The complementary polynomials satisfy a hypergeometric-type differential equation themselves, have a three-term recursion among others and obey Rodrigues formulas. Applications to the classical polynomials are given.
We present infinitely many solutions of the general Heun equation in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions. Each solution assumes that two restrictions are imposed on the involved parameters: a characteristic exponent of one of the singularities should be a non-zero integer, and the accessory parameter must satisfy a polynomial equation.
We examine the power-series solutions and the series solutions in terms of the Hermite functions for the biconfluent Heun equation. Infinitely many cases for which a solution of the biconfluent equation is presented as an irreducible linear combination of four generalized hypergeometric functions, that in general do not reduce to polynomials, are identified.
We review the series solutions of the general and single-confluent Heun equations in terms of powers, ordinary-hypergeometric and confluent-hypergeometric functions. The conditions under which the expansions reduce to finite sums as well as the cases when the coefficients of power-series expansions obey two-term recurrence relations are discussed. Infinitely many cases for which a solution of a general or single-confluent Heun equation is written through a single generalized hypergeometric function are indicated. It is shown that the parameters of this generalized hypergeometric function are t…
Based on Spiridonov's analysis of elliptic generalizations of the Gauss hypergeometric function, we develop a common framework for 7-parameter families of generalized elliptic, hyperbolic and trigonometric univariate hypergeometric functions. In each case we derive the symmetries of the generalized hypergeometric function under the Weyl group of type E_7 (elliptic, hyperbolic) and of type E_6 (trigonometric) using the appropriate versions of the Nassrallah-Rahman beta integral, and we derive contiguous relations using fundamental addition formulas for theta and sine functions. The top level de…
In 1993 one of the authors formulated some conjectures on monotonicity of ratios for exponential series sections. They lead to more general conjecture on monotonicity of ratios of Kummer hypergeometric functions and was not proved from 1993. In this paper we prove these conjectures in the more general setting for Kummer hypergeometric functions and its further generalizations for Gauss and generalized hypergeometric functions. The results are also closely connected with Turan--type inequalities.
In this paper we compute the difference Galois groups of the Lie-irreducible regular singular generalized q-hypergeometric equations of order 3 with q-real parameters by using a density theorem due to Sauloy. In contrast with the differential case, we show that these groups automatically contain the special linear group SL(3,C).
Voros coefficients of the generalized hypergeometric differential equations with a large parameter are defined and their explicit forms are given for the origin and for the infinity. It is shown that they are Borel summable in some specified regions in the space of parameters and their Borel sums in the regions are given.
We evaluate the sum of Gauss hypergeometric functions \[S(μ,c;x)=\sum_{k\geq 0} \bl(\frac{1-x}{1+μ}\br)^k\,{}_2F_1(\fs k+\fs, \fs k+1;c;x)\] for $x\in [-1,1]$ and positive parameters $μ$ and $c$. The domain of absolute convergence of this series is established by determining the growth of the hypergeometric function for $k\to+\infty$. An application to Galton-Watson branching processes arising in the theory of stochastic processes is presented. A new class of positive integer-valued distributions with power tails is introduced.
For each of the eight $n$-th derivative parameter changing formulas for Gauss hypergeometric functions a corresponding fractional integration formula is given. For both types of formulas the differential or integral operator is intertwining between two actions of the hypergeometric differential operator (for two sets of parameters): a so-called transmutation property. This leads to eight fractional integration formulas and four generalized Stieltjes transform formulas for each of the six different explicit solutions of the hypergeometric differential equation, by letting the transforms act on …
Reduction formulas for sums of products of hypergeometric functions can be traced back to Euler. This topic has an intimate connection to summation and transformation formulas, contiguous relations and algebraic properties of the (generalized) hypergeometric differential equation. Over recent several years, important discoveries have been made in this subject by Gorelov, Ebisu, Beukers and Jouhet and Feng, Kuznetsov and Yang. In this paper, we give a generalization of Feng, Kuznetsov and Yang identity covering also Ebisu's and Gorelov's formulas as particular cases.
We derive a convergent expansion of the generalized hypergeometric function ${}_{p-1}F_p$ in terms of the Bessel functions ${}_{0}F_1$ that holds uniformly with respect to the argument in any horizontal strip of the complex plane. We further obtain a convergent expansion of the generalized hypergeometric function ${}_{p}F_p$ in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions ${}_{1}F_1$ that holds uniformly in any right half-plane. For both functions, we make a further step and give convergent expansions in terms of trigonometric, exponential and rational functions that hold uniformly in the s…
Our purpose in this present paper is to investigate generalized integration formulas containing the extended generalized hypergeometric function and obtained results are expressed in terms of extended hypergeometric function. Certain special cases of the main results presented here are also pointed out for the extended Gauss' hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions.
We prove a duality relation for generalized basic hypergeometric functions. It forms a $q$-extension of a recent result of the second and the third named authors and generalizes both a $q$-hypergeometric identity due to the third named author (jointly with Feng and Yang) and a recent identity for the Heine's ${}_2ϕ_{1}$ function due to Suzuki. We further explore various consequences of our identity leading to several presumably new multi-term relations for both terminating and non-terminating generalized basic hypergeometric series. Moreover, we give confluent versions of our results and furni…
The indefinite integral $$ \int x^αe^{ηx^β}\,_pF_q (a_1, a_2, \cdot\cdot\cdot a_p; b_1, b_2, \cdot\cdot\cdot, b_q; λx^γ)dx, $$ where $α, η, β, λ, γ\ne0$ are real or complex constants and $_pF_q$ is the generalized hypergeometric function, is evaluated in terms of an infinite series involving the generalized hypergeometric function. Related integrals in which the exponential function $e^{ηx^β}$ is either replaced by the hyperbolic function $\cosh\left(ηx^β\right)$ or $\sinh\left(ηx^β\right)$, or the sinusoidal function $\cos\left(ηx^β\right)$ or $\sin\left(ηx^β\right)$, are also evaluated in te…
We find two-sided inequalities for the generalized hypergeometric function of the form ${_{q+1}}F_{q}(-x)$ with positive parameters restricted by certain additional conditions. Both lower and upper bounds agree with the value of ${_{q+1}}F_{q}(-x)$ at the endpoints of positive semi-axis and are asymptotically precise at one of the endpoints. The inequalities are derived from a theorem asserting the monotony of the quotient of two generalized hypergeometric functions with shifted parameters. The proofs hinge on a generalized Stieltjes representation of the generalized hypergeometric function. T…
In this paper, we propose a general method to express explicitly the inversion and the connection coefficients between two basic hypergeometric polynomial sets. As application, we consider some $d$-orthogonal basic hypergeometric polynomials and we derive expansion formulae corresponding to all the families within the $q$-Askey scheme.
The main goal of this paper is to derive a number of identities for the generalized hypergeometric function evaluated at unity and for certain terminating multivariate hypergeometric functions from the symmetries and other properties of Meijer's $G$ function. For instance, we recover two- and three-term Thomae relations for ${}_3F_2$, give two- and three-term transformations for ${}_4F_3$ with one unit shift and ${}_5F_4$ with two unit shifts in the parameters, establish multi-term identities for general ${}_{p}F_{p-1}$ and several transformations for terminating Kampé de Fériet and Srivastava…
Various methods to obtain the analytic continuation near $z=1$ of the hypergeometric series $_{p+1}F_p(z)$ are reviewed together with some of the results. One approach is to establish a recurrence relation with respect to $p$ and then, after its repeated use, to resort to the well-known properties of the Gaussian hypergeometric series. Another approach is based on the properties of the underlying generalized hypergeometric differential equation: For the coefficients in the power series expansion around $z=1$ a general formula, valid for any $p$, is found in terms of a limit of a terminating Sa…
In this present paper our aim is to deal with two integral transforms which involving the Gauss hypergeometric function as its kernels. We prove some compositions formulas for such a generalized fractional integrals with k Bessel function. The results are established in terms of generalized Wright type hypergeometric function and generalized hypergeometric series. Also, the authors presented some corresponding assertions for Riemann Liouville and Erdelyi Kober fractional integral transforms.
The fundamental set of solutions of the generalized hypergeometric differential equation in the neighborhood of unity has been built by Nørlund in 1955. The behavior of the generalized hypergeometric function in the neighborhood of unity has been described in the beginning of 1990s by Bühring, Srivastava and Saigo. In the first part of this paper we review their results rewriting them in terms of Meijer's $G$-function and explaining the interconnections between them. In the second part we present new formulas and identities for the coefficients that appear in the expansions of Meijer's $G$-fun…
We give an example of solutions of the connection problem associated with a certain system of linear $q$-difference equations recently introduced by Park. The result contains a connection formulas of the $q$-Lauricella hypergeometric function $φ_{D}$ and those of the $q$-generalized hypergeometric function ${}_{N+1}φ_{N}$ as special cases.
By building a second order adjoint difference equations on nonuniform lattices, the generalized Rodrigues type representation for the second kind solution of a second order difference equation of hypergeometric type on nonuniform lattices is given. The general solution of the equation in the form of a combination of a standard Rodrigues formula and a generalized Rodrigues formula is also established.
The authors establish the necessary and sufficient conditions under which certain combinations of Gaussian hypergeometric function and elementary function are monotone in the parameter, which generalize the recent results of generalized elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds obtained by Qiu et al. Moreover, the authors also prove two monotonicity theorems of generalized elliptic integrals from another point of view.
In this paper, we aim to present new extensions of incomplete gamma, beta, Gauss hypergeometric, confluent hypergeometric function and Appell-Lauricella hypergeometric functions, by using the extended Bessel function due to Boudjelkha [4]. Some recurrence relations, transformation formulas, Mellin transform and integral representations are obtained for these generalizations. Further, an extension of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator is established.
In this paper we investigate the Meijer's $G$ function $G^{p,1}_{p+1,p+1}$ which for certain parameter values represents the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of Meijer-Nørlund function $G^{p,0}_{p,p}$. Our results for $G^{p,1}_{p+1,p+1}$ include: a regularization formula for overlapping poles, a connection formula with the Meijer-Nørlund function, asymptotic formulas around the origin and unity, formulas for the moments, a hypergeometric transform and a sign stabilization theorem for growing parameters. We further employ the properties of $G^{p,1}_{p+1,p+1}$ to calculate the Hadamard fini…
It turned out that the partial sums $g_n(z) = \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{(a_1)_k ... (a_p)_k}{(b_1)_k ... (b_q)_k} \frac{z^k}{k!}$, of the generalized hypergeometric series ${}_p F_q(a_1,...,a_p; b_1,...,b_q;z)$, with parameters $a_j,b_l\in\mathbb{C}\backslash\{ 0,-1,-2,... \}$, are Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. The corresponding monic polynomials $G_n(z)$ are polynomials of $R_I$ type, and therefore they are related to biorthogonal rational functions. Polynomials $g_n$ possess a differential equation (in $z$), and a recurrence relation (in $n$). We study integral representations for $g_n$, and some…
The $_{3}F_{2}$ hypergeometric function plays a very significant role in the theory of hypergeometric and generalized hypergeometric series. Despite that $_{3}F_{2}$ hypergeometric function has several applications in mathematics, also it has a lot of applications in physics and statistics. The fundamental purpose of this research paper is to find out the explicit expression of the $_{3}F_{2}$ Watson's classical summation theorem of the form: \[ _{3}F_{2}\left[ \begin{array} [c]{ccccc}% a, & b, & c & & \\ & & & ; & 1\\ \frac{1}{2}(a+b+i+1), & 2c+j & & & \end{array} \right] \] with arbitrary $i…
We generalize generating functions for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials, namely Jacobi, Gegenbauer, Laguerre, and Wilson polynomials. These generalizations of generating functions are accomplished through series rearrangement using connection relations with one free parameter for these orthogonal polynomials. We also use orthogonality relations to determine corresponding definite integrals.
Many product formulas are known classically for generalized hypergeometric functions over the complex numbers. In this paper, we establish some analogous formulas for generalized hypergeometric functions over finite fields.
In this paper, we present a new real-valued Appell-type polynomial family $A_n^{(k)}(m,x), $ every member of which is expressed by mean of a generalized hypergeometric function. The generating exponential function of this type of polynomials is firstly discovered and the proof that they are of Appell-type ones is given. We present the differential operator formal power series representation as well as an explicit formula over the standard basis, and establish a new identity for the generalized hypergeometric function. Besides, we derive the addition, the multiplication and some other formulas …
Motivated mainly by certain interesting recent extensions of the Gamma, Beta and hypergeometric functions, we introduce here new extensions of the Beta function, hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions. We systematically investigate several properties of each of these extended functions, namely their various integral representations, Mellin transforms, derivatives, transformations, summation formulas and asymptotics. Relevant connections of certain special cases of the main results presented here are also pointed out.
In our previous work we found sufficient conditions to be imposed on the parameters of the generalized hypergeometric function in order that it be completely monotonic or of Stieltjes class. In this paper we collect a number of consequences of these properties. In particular, we find new integral representations of the generalized hypergeometric functions, evaluate a number of integrals of their products, compute the jump and the average value of the the generalized hypergeometric function over the branch cut, establish new inequalities for this function in the half plane Re(z)<1. Furthermore,…
We find sufficient conditions for log-convexity and log-concavity for the functions of the forms $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}(a)_kx^k$, $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}Γ(a+k)x^k$ and $a\mapsto\sum{f_k}x^k/(a)_k$. The most useful examples of such functions are generalized hypergeometric functions. In particular, we generalize the Turán inequality for the confluent hypergeometric function recently proved by Barnard, Gordy and Richards and log-convexity results for the same function recently proved by Baricz. Besides, we establish a reverse inequality which complements naturally the inequality of Barnard, Gordy and Rich…
We study Heun's differential equation in the case that one of the singularities is apparent. In particular we conjecture a relationship with generalized hypergeometric differential equation and establish it in some cases. We apply our results to exceptional Jacobi polynomials.
In this paper, using similar symbolical method of Burchnall and Chaundy formulas of expansion for the generalized hypergeometric function were constructed. By means of the found formulas of expansion the formulas of an analytic continuation for hypergeometric function of Clausen is defined. The obtained formulas of an analytic continuation express known hypergeometric Appell function $ F_2 ({a;b_1, b_2 ;c_1, c_2 ;x,y}) $ which theory is well studied.
Motivated by the new Laplace transforms for the Kummer's confluent hypergeometric functions $_1F_1$ obtained recently by Kim et al. [Math $\&$ Comput. Modelling, 55 (2012), pp. 1068--1071], the authors aim is to establish so far unknown Laplace transforms of rather general case of generalized hypergeometric functions $_2F_2(x)$ and $_3F_3(x)$ by employing extensions of classical summation theorems for the series $_2F_1$ and $_3F_2$ obtained recently by Kim et al. [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci., 309503, 26 pages, 2010]. Certain known results obtained earlier by Kim et al. follow cases of our main fi…
We use connection relations and series rearrangement to generalize generating functions for several higher continuous orthogonal polynomials in the Askey scheme, namely the Wilson, continuous dual Hahn, continuous Hahn, and Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials. We also determine corresponding definite integrals using the orthogonality relations for these polynomials.
We produce two-dimensional contiguous relations for generalized hypergeometric functions by starting with linearization coefficients for some continuous generalized hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the Askey-scheme.
We derive generalized generating functions for basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials by applying connection relations with one free parameter to them. In particular, we generalize generating functions for the Askey-Wilson, continuous $q$-ultraspherical/Rogers, little $q$-Laguerre/Wall, and $q$-Laguerre polynomials. Depending on what type of orthogonality these polynomials satisfy, we derive corresponding definite integrals, infinite series, bilateral infinite series, and $q$-integrals.
Miller-Paris transformations are extensions of Euler's transformations for the Gauss hypergeometric functions to generalized hypergeometric functions of higher-order having integral parameter differences (IPD). In our recent work we computed the degenerate versions of these transformations corresponding to the case when one parameter difference is equal to a negative integer. The purpose of this paper is to present an independent new derivation of both the general and the degenerate forms of Miller-Paris transformations. In doing so we employ the generalized Stieltjes transform representation …