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arXiv 1804.04478cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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In $_2$ O $_3$(001)单晶的体相和表面性质

Bulk and surface characterization of In$_2$O$_3$(001) single crystals

Daniel R. Hagleitner, Peter Jacobson, Sara Blomberg, Karina Schulte, Edvin Lundgren, Markus Kubicek, Jürgen Fleig, Frank Kubel, Christoph Puls, Andreas Limbeck,… 展开作者

Daniel R. Hagleitner, Peter Jacobson, Sara Blomberg, Karina Schulte, Edvin Lundgren, Markus Kubicek, Jürgen Fleig, Frank Kubel, Christoph Puls, Andreas Limbeck, Herbert Hutter, Lynn A. Boatner, Michael Schmid, Ulrike Diebold

摘要:

本文报道了高质量In $_2$ O $_3$(001)单晶的体相和表面性质的研究。使用助熔剂法生长浅黄色立方体形状的单晶。电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)揭示了小残留的铅,镁,铂的晶体。四点探针测量显示电阻率为2.0 $\pm$ 0.5 $\times$ 10 $^5$ Ω cm,其转化为$\approx$ 10 $^{12}$ cm $^{-3}$的载流子浓度。X射线衍射(XRD)测量的结果将晶格常数从先前接受的值10.117 Ω修正为10.1150(5)Ω。还原(溅射/退火)和氧化(在300 °C下暴露于原子氧)表面的扫描隧道显微镜(STM)图像显示了5 μ m的台阶高度,这表明偏好一种类型的表面终止。在任何这些制备条件下,表面保持平坦,没有任何宏观刻面的证据。低能离子散射(LEIS)和原子分辨STM的组合表明,在还原条件下,铟终止的表面具有2.5 μ m高度的小岛,表面结构对应于强烈扭曲的铟晶格。扫描隧道光谱(STS)揭示了在费米能级($E_F$)处的明显表面态。光电子能谱(PES)显示了额外的,深埋的带隙状态,这可以通过暴露的表面原子氧去除。氧化也导致在O 1 s核心水平在一个肩膀在一个较高的结合能,可能指示的表面过氧化物物种。一个向下的带弯曲0.4 eV的观察到的还原表面,而氧化表面的带弯曲的顺序为0.1 eV或更少。

英文摘要:

A comprehensive bulk and surface investigation of high-quality In$_2$O$_3$(001) single crystals is reported. The transparent-yellow, cube-shaped single crystals were grown using the flux method. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveals small residues of Pb, Mg, and Pt in the crystals. Four-point-probe measurements show a resistivity of 2.0 $\pm$ 0.5 $\times$ 10$^5$ Ω cm, which translates into a carrier concentration of $\approx$10$^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$. The results from x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revise the lattice constant to 10.1150(5) Å from the previously accepted value of 10.117 Å. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of a reduced (sputtered/annealed) and oxidized (exposure to atomic oxygen at 300 °C) surface show a step height of 5 Å, which indicates a preference for one type of surface termination. The surfaces stay flat without any evidence for macroscopic faceting under any of these preparation conditions. A combination of low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and atomically resolved STM indicates an indium-terminated surface with small islands of 2.5 Å height under reducing conditions, with a surface structure corresponding to a strongly distorted indium lattice. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) reveals a pronounced surface state at the Fermi level ($E_F$). Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) shows additional, deep-lying band gap states, which can be removed by exposure of the surface to atomic oxygen. Oxidation also results in a shoulder at the O 1s core level at a higher binding energy, possibly indicative of a surface peroxide species. A downward band bending of 0.4 eV is observed for the reduced surface, while the band bending of the oxidized surface is of the order of 0.1 eV or less.

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