This paper is mainly concerned with the construction of new off-shell higher spin N=1 supermultiplets in three spacetime dimensions. We elaborate on the gauge prepotentials and linearised super-Cotton tensors for higher spin N=1 superconformal geometry and propose compensating superfields required to formulate off-shell massless higher spin supermultiplets. The corresponding gauge-invariant actions are worked out explicitly using an auxiliary oscillator realisation. We construct, for the first time, off-shell massive higher spin supermultiplets. The gauge-invariant actions for these supermultiplets are obtained by adding Chern-Simons like mass terms (that is, higher spin extensions of the linearised action for N=1 conformal supergravity) to the actions for the massless supermultiplets. For each of the massive gravitino and supergravity multiplets, we propose two dually equivalent formulations.
On the basis of comparing eigenvalues of an operator ${\hat {\mathbf{\cal C}}}{}^{({\cal R})}$, that proved useful in distinguishing how off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets become off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets, the double tensor supermultiplet is shown to be radically different for other known multiplets. This suggests difficulties, if not impossibilities, to embed it into an off-shell structure.
In recent papers arXiv:1103.3564 and arXiv:1103.3565, Gates and Koutrolikos announced the construction of new off-shell formulations for massless higher spin supermultiplets. Here we demonstrate that all of their models are obtained from (some of) those constructed in 1993 by Kuzenko, Postnikov and Sibiryakov by applying special field redefinitions.
Starting from three minimal off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets, using constructions solely defined within the confines of the four dimensional field theory we show the existence of a "gadget" - a member of a class of metrics on the representation space of the supermultiplets - whose values directly and completely correspond to the values of a metric defined on the 1d, $N$ = 4 adinkra networks adjacency matrices corresponding to the projections of the four dimensional supermultiplets.
Using superspace projection operators we provide a classification of (3/2,2) off-shell supermultiplets which are realized in terms of a real axial vector superfield, with or without compensating superfields. Any linearized supergravity action is shown to be a superposition of those corresponding to (i) old minimal supergravity, (ii) new minimal supergravity and (iii) the novel (3/2,2) off-shell supermultiplet with 12+12 degrees of freedom obtained in hep-th/0201096.
We continue the search for rules that govern when off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets can be combined to form off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets. We study the ${\mathbb S}_8$ permutations and Height Yielding Matrix Numbers (HYMN) embedded within the adinkras that correspond to these putative 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets off-shell supermultiplets. Even though the HYMN definition was designed to distinguish between the raising and lowering of nodes in one dimensional valises supermultiplets, they are shown to accurately select out which combinations of off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ =…
Twisting of off-shell supermultiplets in models with 1+1-dimensional spacetime has been discovered in 1984, and was shown to be a generic feature of off-shell representations in worldline supersymmetry two decades later. It is shown herein that in all supersymmetric models with spacetime of four or more dimensions, this off-shell supermultiplet twisting, if non-trivial, necessarily maps regular (non-ghost) supermultiplets to ghost supermultiplets. This feature is shown to be ubiquitous in all fully off-shell supersymmetric models with (BV/BRST-treated) constraints.
We show how manifestly supersymmetric action for Wess-Zumino model can be constructed within the unfolded dynamics approach. The off-shell unfolded system for N = 1, D = 4 scalar supermultiplet is found. The action is presented in the form of integral of a closed 4-form over any (4, 0) surface in superspace as well as a superspace integral of an integral form or a chiral integral form. The proposed method is argued to provide a most general tool for the analysis of manifestly supersymmetric functionals.
We explore a continuum of observably and usefully inequivalent, finite-dimensional off-shell representations of worldline N=4-extended supersymmetry, differing from one another only in the value of a "tuning parameter." Their dynamics turns out to be nontrivial already when restricting to just bilinear Lagrangians. In particular, we find a 34-parameter family of bilinear Lagrangians that couple two differently "tuned" of these supermultiplets to each other and to external magnetic fields, where the explicit dependence on the tuning parameters cannot be removed by any field redefinition and so …
We construct, for the first time, an off-shell supersymmetric continuous spin gauge theory in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, in both constrained and unconstrained Lagrangian formulations. As an extension to the on-shell description [1], we employ an auxiliary field to close the algebra of supersymmetry transformations off-shell. The 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ massless continuous spin supermultiplet is then denoted by $(\mathrmΦ, \mathrm{H} \,; \mathrmΨ)$, comprised of a dynamical and a non-dynamical complex scalar continuous spin gauge fields $\mathrmΦ$ and $\mathrm{H}$, as well as a Dirac continu…
In this paper we give explicit construction of massive N=1 supermultiplets in flat d=4 Minkowski space-time. We work in a component on-shell formalism based on gauge invariant description of massive integer and half-integer spin particles where massive supermultiplets are constructed out of appropriate set of massless ones.
Massive arbitrary spin supermultiplets and massless (scalar and spin one-half) supermultiplets of the N=2 Poincare superalgebra in three-dimensional flat space are considered. Both the integer spin and half-integer spin supermultiplets are studied. For such massive and massless supermultiplets, a formulation in terms of light-cone gauge unconstrained superfields defined in a momentum superspace is developed. For the supermultiplets under consideration a superspace first derivative representation for all cubic interaction vertices is obtained. A superspace representation for dynamical generator…
In this paper we construct an unfolded formulation for the massive higher spin N=1 supermultiplets in four dimensional AdS space. We use the same frame-like gauge invariant multispinor formalism that was used previously for their Lagrangian formulation. We also consider an infinite spin limit of such supermultiplets.
Using the fact that every worldsheet is ruled by two (light-cone) copies of worldlines, the recent classification of off-shell supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry is extended to construct standard off-shell and also unidextrous (on the half-shell) supermultiplets of worldsheet (p,q)-supersymmetry with no central extension. In the process, a new class of error-correcting (even-split doubly-even linear block) codes is introduced and classified for $p+q \leq 8$, providing a graphical method for classification of such codes and supermultiplets. This also classifies quotients by s…
In this paper we construct massive supermultiplets out of appropriate set of massless ones in the same way as massive spin s particle could be constructed out of massless spin s,s-1,... ones leading to gauge invariant description of massive particle. Mainly we consider massive spin 3/2 supermultiplets in a flat d=4 Minkowski space both without central charge for N=1,2,3 as well as with central charge for N=2,4. Besides, we give two examples of massive N=1 supermultiplets with spin 3/2 and 2 in AdS_4 space.
A multiplet calculus is presented for an arbitrary number n of N=2 tensor supermultiplets. For rigid supersymmetry the known couplings are reproduced. In the superconformal case the target spaces parametrized by the scalar fields are cones over (3n-1)-dimensional spaces encoded in homogeneous SU(2) invariant potentials, subject to certain constraints. The coupling to conformal supergravity enables the derivation of a large class of supergravity Lagrangians with vector and tensor multiplets and hypermultiplets. Dualizing the tensor fields into scalars leads to hypermultiplets with hyperkahler o…
We present Adynkra Libraries that can be used to explore the embedding of multiplets of component field (whether on-shell or partial on-shell) within Salam-Strathdee superfields for theories in dimension nine through four.
We derive the component Lagrangian for the free $N$-extended on-shell massless higher spin supermultiplets in four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is based on frame-like description of massless integer and half-integer higher spin fields. The massless supermultiplets are formulated for $N\leq 4k,$ where $k$ is a maximal integer or half-integer spin in the multiplet. The supertransformations that leave the Lagrangian invariant are found and it is shown that their algebra is closed on-shell.
We construct the Lagrangian formulation of massive higher spin on-shell (1,0) supermultiplets in three dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is based on description of the massive three dimensional fields in terms of frame-like gauge invariant formalism and technique of gauge invariant curvatures. For the two possible massive supermultiplets (s,s+1/2) and (s,s-1/2) we derive explicit form of the supertransformations leaving the sum of bosonic and fermionic Lagrangians invariant.
We give explicit construction for massive higher spin supermultiplets for the case of minimal supersymmetry in d=3 and find the corresponding Lagrangian formulations. We show that all such massive supermultiplets can be straightforwardly constructed out of the appropriately chosen set of massless ones exactly in the same way as the gauge invariant description for the massive bosonic (fermionic) field with spin s can be obtained using a set of massless fields with spins s,s-1,...,0(1/2). Moreover, such construction for the massive supermultiplets turns out to be perfectly consistent with our pr…
We give an explicit component Lagrangian construction of massive higher spin on-shell $N=1$ supermultiplets in four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space $AdS_4$. We use a frame-like gauge invariant description of massive higher spin bosonic and fermionic fields. For the two types of the supermultiplets (with integer and half-integer superspins) each one containing two massive bosonic and two massive fermionic fields we derive the supertransformations leaving the sum of four their free Lagrangians invariant such that the algebra of these supertransformations is closed on-shell.
We extend the discussion of arXiv:1007.5254 on massive Regge excitations on the first mass level of four-dimensional superstring theory. For the lightest massive modes of the open string sector, universal supermultiplets common to all four-dimensional compactifications with N = 1, 2 and N = 4 spacetime supersymmetry are constructed respectively -- both their vertex operators and their supersymmetry variations. Massive spinor helicity methods shed light on the interplay between individual polarization states.
In this paper we give an explicit construction of unfolded equations for massive higher spin supermultiplets of the minimal (1,0) supersymmetry in AdS_3 space. For that purpose we use an unfolded formulation for massive bosonic and fermionic higher spins and find supertransformations leaving appropriate set of unfolded equations invariant. We provide two general supermultiplets (s, s+1/2) and (s, s-1/2) with arbitrary integer s, as well as a number of lower spin examples.
In this paper we construct explicit Lagrangian formulation for the massive spin-2 supermultiplets with N = k supersymmetries k = 1,2,3,4. Such multiplets contain 2k particles with spin-3/2, so there must exist N = 2k local supersymmetries in the full nonlinear theories spontaneously broken so that only N = k global supersymmetries remain unbroken. In this paper we unhide these hidden supersymmetries by using gauge invariant formulation for massive high spin particles. Such formulation, operating with the right set of physical degrees of freedom from the very beginning and having non-singular m…
This paper investigates the d = 4, N = 4 Abelian, global Super-Yang Mills system (SUSY-YM). It is shown how the N = 2 Fayet Hypermultiplet (FH) and N = 2 vector multiplet (VM) are embedded within. The central charges provide a plethora of information as to further symmetries of the Lagrangian. Several of these symmetries are calculated to second order. It is hoped that investigations such as these may yield avenues to help solve the auxiliary field closure problem for d = 4, N = 4, SUSY-YM and the d = 4, N = 2 Fayet-Hypermultiplet, without using an infinite number of auxiliary fields.
The representation theory underlying the infinite-component relativistic wave equation written by Majorana is revisited from a modern perspective. On the one hand, the massless solutions of this equation are shown to form a supermultiplet of the superPoincare algebra with tensorial central charges; it can also be obtained as the infinite spin limit of massive solutions. On the other hand, the Majorana equation is generalized for any space-time dimension and for arbitrary Regge trajectories. Inspired from these results, an infinite supermultiplet of massive fields of all spins and of equal mass…
Every finite-dimensional unitary representation of the N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges may be obtained by a sequence of differential transformations from a direct sum of minimal Adinkras, simple supermultiplets that are identifiable with representations of the Clifford algebra. The data specifying this procedure is a sequence of subspaces of the direct sum of Adinkras, which then opens an avenue for classification of the continuum of so constructed off-shell supermultiplets.
We propose a unified superfield formulation of N=4 off-shell supermultiplets in one spacetime dimension using the standard N=4 superspace. The main idea of our approach is a "gluing" together of two linear supermultiplets along their fermions. The functions defining such a gluing obey a system of equations. Each solution of this system provides a new supermultiplet, linear or nonlinear, modulo equivalence transformations. In such a way we reproduce all known linear and nonlinear N=4, d=1 supermultiplets and propose some new ones. Particularly interesting is an explicit construction of nonlinea…
We propose an explicit mathematical construction and plausibility arguments for how spacetime chirality and Lorentz generators emerge for minimal, off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets by use of a 4.4.4.4 tesselation of Riemann surfaces based on plaquettes originating from Coxeter Group BC${}_4$ adinkras.
We provide an explicit Lagrangian construction for the massless infinite spin N=1 supermultiplet in four dimensional Minkowski space. Such a supermultiplet contains a pair of massless bosonic and a pair of massless fermionic infinite spin fields with properly adjusted dimensionful parameters. We begin with the gauge invariant Lagrangians for such massless infinite spin bosonic and fermionic fields and derive the supertransformations which leave the sum of their Lagrangians invariant. It is shown that the algebra of these supertransformations is closed on-shell.
Recent efforts to classify representations of supersymmetry with no central charge have focused on supermultiplets that are aptly depicted by Adinkras, wherein every supersymmetry generator transforms each component field into precisely one other component field or its derivative. Herein, we study gauge-quotients of direct sums of Adinkras by a supersymmetric image of another Adinkra and thus solve a puzzle from Ref.[2]: The so-defined supermultiplets do not produce Adinkras but more general types of supermultiplets, each depicted as a connected network of Adinkras. Iterating this gauge-quotie…
Off-shell higher spin N=2 supermultiplets in three spacetime dimensions (3D) are presented in this paper. We propose gauge prepotentials for higher spin superconformal gravity and construct the corresponding gauge-invariant field strengths, which are proved to be conformal primary superfields. These field strengths are higher spin generalisations of the (linearised) N=2 super-Cotton tensor, which controls the superspace geometry of conformal supergravity. We also construct the higher spin extensions of the linearised N=2 conformal supergravity action. We provide two dually equivalent off-shell…
Given the success of the deconstruction program in obtaining ghost-free massive gravity from 5-D Einstein gravity, we propose a modification of the deconstruction procedure that incorporates supersymmetry at the linear level. We discuss the relevant limits of a conjectured interacting theory of a massive spin 2 supermultiplet, and determine the linear theory to be the N=1 Zinoviev theory, a supersymmetric extension of Fierz-Pauli theory. We develop a family of 1-site deconstruction procedures for fermionic fields (yielding Dirac and Majorana mass terms). The deconstruction procedure appropriat…
BPS representations of 5-dimensional supersymmetry algebras are classified. For BPS states preserving 1/2 the supersymmetry, there are two distinct classes of multiplets for N=4 supersymmetry and three classes for N=8 supersymmetry. For N=4 matter theories, the two 1/2 supersymmetric BPS multiplets are the massive vector multiplet and the massive self-dual 2-form multiplet. Some applications to super-Yang-Mills, supergravity and little string theories are considered.
We construct a variety of off-shell $N{=}8, d{=}1$ supermultiplets with finite numbers of component fields as direct sums of properly constrained $N{=}4, d{=}1$ superfields. We also show how these multiplets can be described in $N{=}8, d{=}1$ superspace where the whole amount of supersymmetry is manifest. Some of these multiplets can be obtained by dimensional reduction {}from $N{=}2$ multiplets in $d{=}4$, whereas others cannot. We give examples of invariant superfield actions for the multiplets constructed, including $N{=}8$ superconformally invariant ones.
We construct and analyze unfolded off-shell systems for chiral and vector supermultiplets using multispinor formalism and external currents. We find that auxiliary variables of multispinor formalism allow for the interesting reorganization of the unfolded off-shell modules: one can unify dynamical and auxiliary scalars in the Wess-Zumino model, as well as an auxiliary pseudoscalar and a zero-helicity subsector in the vector supermultiplet, so that the resulting unfolded equations get simplified, while various constraints like chirality, electric current conservation and P-oddness of the pseudo…
We review the component Lagrangian construction of the supersymmetric higher spin models in three dimensional (3D) Minkowski and anti de Sitter (AdS) spaces. The approach is based on the frame-like gauge invariant formulation, where massive higher spin fields are realized through a system of massless ones. We develop a supersymmetric generalization of this formulation to the Lagrangian construction of the on-shell N=1, 3D higher spin supermultiplets. In 3D Minkowski space we show that the massive supermultiplets can be constructed from one extended massless supermultiplet by adding the mass te…
Infinite-Dimensional Algebraic $\mathfrak{Spin}$($N$) Structure in Extended/Higher Dimensional SUSY Holoraumy for Valise and On-Shell Supermultiplet Representations
Low energy theorems of Nambu-Goldstone fermion associated with spontaneously broken supersymmetry are studied for gauge supermultiplets. Two possible terms in the effective Lagrangian are needed to deal with massless gaugino and/or massless gauge boson. As an illustrative example, a concrete model is worked out which can interpolate massless as well as massive gaugino and/or gauge boson to examine the low energy effective interaction of NG-fermion.
In the recent paper [1] the classification of non-unitary representations of the three dimensional superconformal group has been constructed. From AdS/CFT they must correspond to N=1 supermultiplets containing partially massless fields in $AdS_4$. Moreover, the simplest example of such supermultiplets which contains a partially massless spin-2 was explicitly constructed. In this paper we extend this result and develop explicit Lagrangian construction of general N=1 supermultiplets containing partially massless fields with arbitrary superspin. We use the frame-like gauge invariant description o…
The vector-tensor multiplet is coupled off-shell to an N=2 vector multiplet such that its central charge transformations are realized locally. A gauged central charge is a necessary prerequisite for a coupling to supergravity and the strategy underlying our construction uses the potential for such a coupling as a guiding principle. The results for the action and transformation rules take a nonlinear form and necessarily include a Chern-Simons term. After a duality transformation the action is encoded in a homogeneous holomorphic function consistent with special geometry.
Supergravity with eight supercharges in a four-dimensional Euclidean space is constructed at the full non-linear level by performing an off-shell time-like reduction of five-dimensional supergravity. The resulting four-dimensional theory is realized off-shell with the Weyl, vector and tensor supermultiplets and a corresponding multiplet calculus. Hypermultiplets are included as well, but they are themselves only realized with on-shell supersymmetry. The off-shell reduction leads to a full understanding of the Euclidean theory. A complete multiplet calculus is presented along the lines of the M…
This thesis presents the general structure of non-conformal higher-spin supercurrent multiplets in three and four spacetime dimensions. Such supercurrents are in one-to-one correspondence with off-shell massless higher-spin gauge supermultiplets, some of which are constructed in this thesis for the first time. In the first part of the thesis, we propose a new off-shell formulation for a massless integer superspin multiplet, whose gauge-invariant action involves an unconstrained complex superconformal prepotential, in conjunction with two types of compensators. Next, we deduce the structure of …
We consider unconstrained formulation of the higher spin gauge theory in anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, given by actions [1, 2], and provide on-shell supersymmetry transformations for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ unconstrained massless higher spin supermultiplet in four-dimensional AdS$_4$. Such an irreducible supermultiplet $(Φ_1, Φ_2 \,; Ψ_1,Ψ_2)$ contains a pair of bosonic fields, with opposite parity, which are generating functions (infinite collection of totally symmetric real tensor fields of all integer rank $s= 0, 1, \ldots, \infty$), as well as two fermionic fields, which have opposite signs …
We construct a new off-shell $\mathcal{N}{=}4$, $d{=}3$ nonlinear vector supermultiplet. The irreducibility constraints for the superfields leave in this supermultiplet the same component content as in the ordinary linear vector supermultiplet. We present the most general sigma-model type action for the $\mathcal{N}{=}4$, $d{=}3$ electrodynamics with the nonlinear vector supermultiplet, which despite the nonlinearity of the supermultiplet may be written as an integral over a chiral superspace. This action share the most important properties with its linear counterpart. We also perform the dual…
We explicitly construct N=4 worldline supersymmetric minimal off-shell actions for five options of 1/2 partial spontaneous breaking of $N=8, d=1$ Poincaré supersymmetry. We demonstrate that the action for the N=4 Goldstone supermultiplet with four fermions and four auxiliary components is a universal one. The remaining actions for the Goldstone supermultiplets with physical bosons are obtained from the universal one by off-shell duality transformations.
We formulate N=2 twisted super Yang-Mills theory with a gauged central charge by superconnection formalism in two dimensions. We obtain off-shell invariant supermultiplets and actions with and without constraints, which is in contrast with the off-shell invariant D=N=4 super Yang-Mills formulation with unavoidable constraints.
We construct the non-minimal linear representations of the N=4 Extended Supersymmetry in one-dimension. They act on 8 bosonic and 8 fermionic fields. Inequivalent representations are specified by the mass-dimension of the fields and the connectivity of the associated graphs. The oxidation to minimal N=5 linear representations is given. Two types of N=4 sigma-models based on non-minimal representations are obtained: the resulting off-shell actions are either manifestly invariant or depend on a constrained prepotential. The connectivity properties of the graphs play a decisive role in discrimina…
Within the framework of (2,0) anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry in three dimensions, we propose a multiplet of higher-spin currents. Making use of this supercurrent, we construct two off-shell gauge formulations for a massless multiplet of half-integer superspin $(s+\frac 12)$, for every integer $s>0$. In the $s=1$ case, one formulation describes the linearised action for (2,0) anti-de Sitter supergravity, while the other gives the type III minimal supergravity action in (2,0) AdS superspace, with both linearised supergravity actions originally derived in arXiv:1109.0496. The constructed mass…
Evidence is presented in some examples that an adinkra quantum number, $χ_{\rm o}$ (arXiv:\ 0902.3830 [hep-th]), seems to play a role with regard to off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 SUSY similar to the role of color in QCD. The vanishing of this adinkra quantum number appears to be a condition required for when two off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets form an off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplet. We also explicitly comment on a deformation of the Lie bracket and anti-commutator operators that has been extensively and implicitly used in our work on "Garden Algebras" adinkras, and codes.
An extended class of N=2 locally supersymmetric invariants with higher-derivative couplings based on full superspace integrals, is constructed. These invariants may depend on unrestricted chiral supermultiplets, on vector supermultiplets and on the Weyl supermultiplet. Supersymmetry is realized off-shell. A non-renormalization theorem is proven according to which none of these invariants can contribute to the entropy and electric charges of BPS black holes. Some of these invariants may be relevant for topological string deformations.
Starting from quaternionic N=8 supersymmetric mechanics we perform a reduction over a bosonic radial variable, ending up with a nonlinear off-shell supermultiplet with three bosonic end eight fermionic physical degrees of freedom. The geometry of the bosonic sector of the most general sigma-model type action is described by an arbitrary function obeying the three dimensional Laplace equation on the sphere S^3. Among the bosonic components of this new supermultiplet there is a constant which gives rise to potential terms. After dualization of this constant one may come back to the supermultiple…
Recently N. Berkovits, motivated by the supertwistor description of ${\cal N}=4 D=4$ super Yang-Mills, considered the generalization of the ${\cal N}=1 D=4$ $θ$-twistor construction to D=10 and applied it for a compact covariant description of ${\cal N}=1 D=10$ super Yang-Mills. This supports the relevance of the $θ$-twistor as a supersymmetric twistor alternative to the well-known supertwistor. The minimal breaking of superconformal symmetry is an inherent property of the $θ$-twistor received from its fermionic components, described by a Grassmannian vector instead of a Grassmannian scalar in…
