Recent efforts to classify representations of supersymmetry with no central charge have focused on supermultiplets that are aptly depicted by Adinkras, wherein every supersymmetry generator transforms each component field into precisely one other component field or its derivative. Herein, we study gauge-quotients of direct sums of Adinkras by a supersymmetric image of another Adinkra and thus solve a puzzle from Ref.[2]: The so-defined supermultiplets do not produce Adinkras but more general types of supermultiplets, each depicted as a connected network of Adinkras. Iterating this gauge-quotient construction then yields an indefinite sequence of ever larger supermultiplets, reminiscent of Weyl's construction that is known to produce all finite-dimensional unitary representations in Lie algebras.
Off-shell higher spin N=2 supermultiplets in three spacetime dimensions (3D) are presented in this paper. We propose gauge prepotentials for higher spin superconformal gravity and construct the corresponding gauge-invariant field strengths, which are proved to be conformal primary superfields. These field strengths are higher spin generalisations of the (linearised) N=2 super-Cotton tensor, which controls the superspace geometry of conformal supergravity. We also construct the higher spin extensions of the linearised N=2 conformal supergravity action. We provide two dually equivalent off-shell…
On the basis of comparing eigenvalues of an operator ${\hat {\mathbf{\cal C}}}{}^{({\cal R})}$, that proved useful in distinguishing how off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets become off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets, the double tensor supermultiplet is shown to be radically different for other known multiplets. This suggests difficulties, if not impossibilities, to embed it into an off-shell structure.
This paper is mainly concerned with the construction of new off-shell higher spin N=1 supermultiplets in three spacetime dimensions. We elaborate on the gauge prepotentials and linearised super-Cotton tensors for higher spin N=1 superconformal geometry and propose compensating superfields required to formulate off-shell massless higher spin supermultiplets. The corresponding gauge-invariant actions are worked out explicitly using an auxiliary oscillator realisation. We construct, for the first time, off-shell massive higher spin supermultiplets. The gauge-invariant actions for these supermulti…
In recent papers arXiv:1103.3564 and arXiv:1103.3565, Gates and Koutrolikos announced the construction of new off-shell formulations for massless higher spin supermultiplets. Here we demonstrate that all of their models are obtained from (some of) those constructed in 1993 by Kuzenko, Postnikov and Sibiryakov by applying special field redefinitions.
Starting from three minimal off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets, using constructions solely defined within the confines of the four dimensional field theory we show the existence of a "gadget" - a member of a class of metrics on the representation space of the supermultiplets - whose values directly and completely correspond to the values of a metric defined on the 1d, $N$ = 4 adinkra networks adjacency matrices corresponding to the projections of the four dimensional supermultiplets.
Using superspace projection operators we provide a classification of (3/2,2) off-shell supermultiplets which are realized in terms of a real axial vector superfield, with or without compensating superfields. Any linearized supergravity action is shown to be a superposition of those corresponding to (i) old minimal supergravity, (ii) new minimal supergravity and (iii) the novel (3/2,2) off-shell supermultiplet with 12+12 degrees of freedom obtained in hep-th/0201096.
We continue the search for rules that govern when off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets can be combined to form off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets. We study the ${\mathbb S}_8$ permutations and Height Yielding Matrix Numbers (HYMN) embedded within the adinkras that correspond to these putative 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplets off-shell supermultiplets. Even though the HYMN definition was designed to distinguish between the raising and lowering of nodes in one dimensional valises supermultiplets, they are shown to accurately select out which combinations of off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ =…
Twisting of off-shell supermultiplets in models with 1+1-dimensional spacetime has been discovered in 1984, and was shown to be a generic feature of off-shell representations in worldline supersymmetry two decades later. It is shown herein that in all supersymmetric models with spacetime of four or more dimensions, this off-shell supermultiplet twisting, if non-trivial, necessarily maps regular (non-ghost) supermultiplets to ghost supermultiplets. This feature is shown to be ubiquitous in all fully off-shell supersymmetric models with (BV/BRST-treated) constraints.
This thesis presents the general structure of non-conformal higher-spin supercurrent multiplets in three and four spacetime dimensions. Such supercurrents are in one-to-one correspondence with off-shell massless higher-spin gauge supermultiplets, some of which are constructed in this thesis for the first time. In the first part of the thesis, we propose a new off-shell formulation for a massless integer superspin multiplet, whose gauge-invariant action involves an unconstrained complex superconformal prepotential, in conjunction with two types of compensators. Next, we deduce the structure of …
We show how manifestly supersymmetric action for Wess-Zumino model can be constructed within the unfolded dynamics approach. The off-shell unfolded system for N = 1, D = 4 scalar supermultiplet is found. The action is presented in the form of integral of a closed 4-form over any (4, 0) surface in superspace as well as a superspace integral of an integral form or a chiral integral form. The proposed method is argued to provide a most general tool for the analysis of manifestly supersymmetric functionals.
We explore a continuum of observably and usefully inequivalent, finite-dimensional off-shell representations of worldline N=4-extended supersymmetry, differing from one another only in the value of a "tuning parameter." Their dynamics turns out to be nontrivial already when restricting to just bilinear Lagrangians. In particular, we find a 34-parameter family of bilinear Lagrangians that couple two differently "tuned" of these supermultiplets to each other and to external magnetic fields, where the explicit dependence on the tuning parameters cannot be removed by any field redefinition and so …
We construct, for the first time, an off-shell supersymmetric continuous spin gauge theory in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, in both constrained and unconstrained Lagrangian formulations. As an extension to the on-shell description [1], we employ an auxiliary field to close the algebra of supersymmetry transformations off-shell. The 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ massless continuous spin supermultiplet is then denoted by $(\mathrmΦ, \mathrm{H} \,; \mathrmΨ)$, comprised of a dynamical and a non-dynamical complex scalar continuous spin gauge fields $\mathrmΦ$ and $\mathrm{H}$, as well as a Dirac continu…
We present further progress toward a complete classification scheme for describing supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry, which relies on graph-theoretic topological invariants. In particular, we demonstrate a relationship between Adinkra diagrams and quotients of N-dimensional cubes, where the quotient groups are subgroups of $(Z_2)^N$. We explain how these quotient groups correspond precisely to doubly even binary linear error-correcting codes, so that the classification of such codes provides a means for describing equivalence classes of Adinkras and therefore supermultiplet…
Using the fact that every worldsheet is ruled by two (light-cone) copies of worldlines, the recent classification of off-shell supermultiplets of N-extended worldline supersymmetry is extended to construct standard off-shell and also unidextrous (on the half-shell) supermultiplets of worldsheet (p,q)-supersymmetry with no central extension. In the process, a new class of error-correcting (even-split doubly-even linear block) codes is introduced and classified for $p+q \leq 8$, providing a graphical method for classification of such codes and supermultiplets. This also classifies quotients by s…
We present an adinkra-based computer algorithm implemented in a Mathematica code and use it in a limited demonstration of how to engineer off-shell, arbitrary N-extended world-sheet supermultiplets. Using one of the outputs from this algorithm, we present evidence for the unexpected discovery of a previously unknown 8 - 8 representation of N = 2 world sheet supersymmetry. As well, we uncover a menagerie of (p, q) = (3, 1) world sheet supermultiplets.
A multiplet calculus is presented for an arbitrary number n of N=2 tensor supermultiplets. For rigid supersymmetry the known couplings are reproduced. In the superconformal case the target spaces parametrized by the scalar fields are cones over (3n-1)-dimensional spaces encoded in homogeneous SU(2) invariant potentials, subject to certain constraints. The coupling to conformal supergravity enables the derivation of a large class of supergravity Lagrangians with vector and tensor multiplets and hypermultiplets. Dualizing the tensor fields into scalars leads to hypermultiplets with hyperkahler o…
We present Adynkra Libraries that can be used to explore the embedding of multiplets of component field (whether on-shell or partial on-shell) within Salam-Strathdee superfields for theories in dimension nine through four.
Infinite-Dimensional Algebraic $\mathfrak{Spin}$($N$) Structure in Extended/Higher Dimensional SUSY Holoraumy for Valise and On-Shell Supermultiplet Representations
We derive the component Lagrangian for the free $N$-extended on-shell massless higher spin supermultiplets in four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is based on frame-like description of massless integer and half-integer higher spin fields. The massless supermultiplets are formulated for $N\leq 4k,$ where $k$ is a maximal integer or half-integer spin in the multiplet. The supertransformations that leave the Lagrangian invariant are found and it is shown that their algebra is closed on-shell.
There exist myriads of off-shell worldline supermultiplets for (N{\leq}32)-extended supersymmetry in which every supercharge maps a component field to precisely one other component field or its derivative. A subset of these extends to off-shell worldsheet (p,q)-supersymmetry and is characterized by the twin theorems 2.1 and 2.2 in this note. The evasion of the obstruction defined in these theorems is conjectured to be sufficient for a worldline supermultiplet to extend to worldsheet supersymmetry; it is also a necessary filter for dimensional extension to higher-dimensional spacetime. We show …
We give an explicit component Lagrangian construction of massive higher spin on-shell $N=1$ supermultiplets in four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space $AdS_4$. We use a frame-like gauge invariant description of massive higher spin bosonic and fermionic fields. For the two types of the supermultiplets (with integer and half-integer superspins) each one containing two massive bosonic and two massive fermionic fields we derive the supertransformations leaving the sum of four their free Lagrangians invariant such that the algebra of these supertransformations is closed on-shell.
In three dimensions, it is known that field theories possessing extended $(p,q)$ anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry with ${\cal N}=p+q \geq 3$ can be realised in (2,0) AdS superspace. Here we present a formalism to reduce every field theory with (2,0) AdS supersymmetry to ${\cal N}=1$ AdS superspace. As nontrivial examples, we consider supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models formulated in terms of ${\cal N}=2$ chiral and linear supermultiplets. The $(2,0) \to (1,0)$ AdS reduction technique is then applied to the off-shell massless higher-spin supermultiplets in (2,0) AdS superspace constructed i…
This paper investigates the d = 4, N = 4 Abelian, global Super-Yang Mills system (SUSY-YM). It is shown how the N = 2 Fayet Hypermultiplet (FH) and N = 2 vector multiplet (VM) are embedded within. The central charges provide a plethora of information as to further symmetries of the Lagrangian. Several of these symmetries are calculated to second order. It is hoped that investigations such as these may yield avenues to help solve the auxiliary field closure problem for d = 4, N = 4, SUSY-YM and the d = 4, N = 2 Fayet-Hypermultiplet, without using an infinite number of auxiliary fields.
Recent work on classicication of off-shell representations of N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges has uncovered an unexpectedly vast number--trillions of even just (chromo)topology types--of so called adinkraic supermultiplets. Herein, we show by explicit analysis that a long-known but rarely used representation, the complex linear supermultiplet, is not adinkraic, cannot be decomposed locally, but may be reduced by means of a Wess-Zumino type gauge. This then indicates that the already unexpectedly vast number of adinkraic off-shell supersymmetry representations is but …
Evidence is presented in some examples that an adinkra quantum number, $χ_{\rm o}$ (arXiv:\ 0902.3830 [hep-th]), seems to play a role with regard to off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 SUSY similar to the role of color in QCD. The vanishing of this adinkra quantum number appears to be a condition required for when two off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets form an off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 2 supermultiplet. We also explicitly comment on a deformation of the Lie bracket and anti-commutator operators that has been extensively and implicitly used in our work on "Garden Algebras" adinkras, and codes.
We examine non-gravitational minimal supermultiplets which are based on the tensor gauge fields appearing as matter fields in exceptional generalised geometry. When possible, off-shell multiplets are given. The fields in the multiplets describe non-gravitational parts of the internal dynamics of compactifications of M-theory. In flat backgrounds, they enjoy a global U-duality symmetry, but also provide multiplets with a possibility of coupling to a generalised exceptional geometry.
In the framework of linearized non-minimal supergravity (20/20), we present the embedding of the $R + R^2$ model and we analyze its field spectrum. As usual, the auxiliary fields of the Einstein theory now become propagating, giving rise to additional degrees of freedom, which organize themselves into on-shell irreducible supermultiplets. By performing the analysis both in component and superspace formulations we identify the new supermultiplets. On top of the two massive chiral superfields reminiscent of the old-minimal supergravity embedding, the spectrum contains also a consistent physical,…
We describe several families of primary linear supermultiplets coupled to three-dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ conformal supergravity and use them to construct topological $BF$-type terms. We introduce conformal higher-spin gauge superfields and associate with them Chern-Simons-type actions that are constructed as an extension of the linearised action for ${\cal N}=2$ conformal supergravity. These actions possess gauge and super-Weyl invariance in any conformally flat superspace and involve a higher-spin generalisation of the linearised ${\cal N}=2$ super-Cotton tensor. For massless higher-spin supe…
Every finite-dimensional unitary representation of the N-extended worldline supersymmetry without central charges may be obtained by a sequence of differential transformations from a direct sum of minimal Adinkras, simple supermultiplets that are identifiable with representations of the Clifford algebra. The data specifying this procedure is a sequence of subspaces of the direct sum of Adinkras, which then opens an avenue for classification of the continuum of so constructed off-shell supermultiplets.
We propose a unified superfield formulation of N=4 off-shell supermultiplets in one spacetime dimension using the standard N=4 superspace. The main idea of our approach is a "gluing" together of two linear supermultiplets along their fermions. The functions defining such a gluing obey a system of equations. Each solution of this system provides a new supermultiplet, linear or nonlinear, modulo equivalence transformations. In such a way we reproduce all known linear and nonlinear N=4, d=1 supermultiplets and propose some new ones. Particularly interesting is an explicit construction of nonlinea…
We propose an explicit mathematical construction and plausibility arguments for how spacetime chirality and Lorentz generators emerge for minimal, off-shell 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supermultiplets by use of a 4.4.4.4 tesselation of Riemann surfaces based on plaquettes originating from Coxeter Group BC${}_4$ adinkras.
Off-shell $(4,q)$ supermultiplets in 2-dimensions are constructed for $q=1,2,4$. These are used to construct sigma models whose target spaces are hyperkähler with torsion. The off-shell supersymmetry implies the three complex structures are simultaneously integrable and allows us to construct actions using extended superspace and projective superspace, giving an explicit construction of the target space geometries.
We construct the Lagrangian formulation of massive higher spin on-shell (1,0) supermultiplets in three dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is based on description of the massive three dimensional fields in terms of frame-like gauge invariant formalism and technique of gauge invariant curvatures. For the two possible massive supermultiplets (s,s+1/2) and (s,s-1/2) we derive explicit form of the supertransformations leaving the sum of bosonic and fermionic Lagrangians invariant.
We construct a variety of off-shell $N{=}8, d{=}1$ supermultiplets with finite numbers of component fields as direct sums of properly constrained $N{=}4, d{=}1$ superfields. We also show how these multiplets can be described in $N{=}8, d{=}1$ superspace where the whole amount of supersymmetry is manifest. Some of these multiplets can be obtained by dimensional reduction {}from $N{=}2$ multiplets in $d{=}4$, whereas others cannot. We give examples of invariant superfield actions for the multiplets constructed, including $N{=}8$ superconformally invariant ones.
We construct and analyze unfolded off-shell systems for chiral and vector supermultiplets using multispinor formalism and external currents. We find that auxiliary variables of multispinor formalism allow for the interesting reorganization of the unfolded off-shell modules: one can unify dynamical and auxiliary scalars in the Wess-Zumino model, as well as an auxiliary pseudoscalar and a zero-helicity subsector in the vector supermultiplet, so that the resulting unfolded equations get simplified, while various constraints like chirality, electric current conservation and P-oddness of the pseudo…
We present off-shell N=2 supergravity actions, which exhibit spontaneously broken local supersymmetry and allow for de Sitter vacua for certain values of the parameters. They are obtained by coupling the standard N=2 supergravity-matter systems to the Goldstino superfields introduced in arXiv:1105.3001 and arXiv:1607.01277 in the rigid supersymmetric case. These N=2 Goldstino superfields include nilpotent chiral and linear supermultiplets. We also describe a new reducible N=1 Goldstino supermultiplet.
In the recent paper [1] the classification of non-unitary representations of the three dimensional superconformal group has been constructed. From AdS/CFT they must correspond to N=1 supermultiplets containing partially massless fields in $AdS_4$. Moreover, the simplest example of such supermultiplets which contains a partially massless spin-2 was explicitly constructed. In this paper we extend this result and develop explicit Lagrangian construction of general N=1 supermultiplets containing partially massless fields with arbitrary superspin. We use the frame-like gauge invariant description o…
Supergravity with eight supercharges in a four-dimensional Euclidean space is constructed at the full non-linear level by performing an off-shell time-like reduction of five-dimensional supergravity. The resulting four-dimensional theory is realized off-shell with the Weyl, vector and tensor supermultiplets and a corresponding multiplet calculus. Hypermultiplets are included as well, but they are themselves only realized with on-shell supersymmetry. The off-shell reduction leads to a full understanding of the Euclidean theory. A complete multiplet calculus is presented along the lines of the M…
We consider unconstrained formulation of the higher spin gauge theory in anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, given by actions [1, 2], and provide on-shell supersymmetry transformations for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ unconstrained massless higher spin supermultiplet in four-dimensional AdS$_4$. Such an irreducible supermultiplet $(Φ_1, Φ_2 \,; Ψ_1,Ψ_2)$ contains a pair of bosonic fields, with opposite parity, which are generating functions (infinite collection of totally symmetric real tensor fields of all integer rank $s= 0, 1, \ldots, \infty$), as well as two fermionic fields, which have opposite signs …
We construct a new off-shell $\mathcal{N}{=}4$, $d{=}3$ nonlinear vector supermultiplet. The irreducibility constraints for the superfields leave in this supermultiplet the same component content as in the ordinary linear vector supermultiplet. We present the most general sigma-model type action for the $\mathcal{N}{=}4$, $d{=}3$ electrodynamics with the nonlinear vector supermultiplet, which despite the nonlinearity of the supermultiplet may be written as an integral over a chiral superspace. This action share the most important properties with its linear counterpart. We also perform the dual…
We explicitly construct N=4 worldline supersymmetric minimal off-shell actions for five options of 1/2 partial spontaneous breaking of $N=8, d=1$ Poincaré supersymmetry. We demonstrate that the action for the N=4 Goldstone supermultiplet with four fermions and four auxiliary components is a universal one. The remaining actions for the Goldstone supermultiplets with physical bosons are obtained from the universal one by off-shell duality transformations.
The massive six-dimensional (6D) superparticle with manifest (n,0) supersymmetry is shown to have a supertwistor formulation in which its "hidden" (0,n) supersymmetry is also manifest. The mass-shell constraint is replaced by Spin(5) spin-shell constraints which imply that the quantum superparticle has zero superspin, for n=1 it propagates the 6D Proca supermultiplet.
We formulate N=2 twisted super Yang-Mills theory with a gauged central charge by superconnection formalism in two dimensions. We obtain off-shell invariant supermultiplets and actions with and without constraints, which is in contrast with the off-shell invariant D=N=4 super Yang-Mills formulation with unavoidable constraints.
We construct the non-minimal linear representations of the N=4 Extended Supersymmetry in one-dimension. They act on 8 bosonic and 8 fermionic fields. Inequivalent representations are specified by the mass-dimension of the fields and the connectivity of the associated graphs. The oxidation to minimal N=5 linear representations is given. Two types of N=4 sigma-models based on non-minimal representations are obtained: the resulting off-shell actions are either manifestly invariant or depend on a constrained prepotential. The connectivity properties of the graphs play a decisive role in discrimina…
The linear (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) (k, N, N-k) supermultiplets of the N-extended one-dimensional Supersymmetry Algebra induce D-module representations for the N=2,4,8 superconformal algebras. For N=2, the D-module representations of the A(1,0) superalgebra are obtained. For N=4 and scaling dimension λ=0, the D-module representations of the A(1,1) superalgebra are obtained. For $λ\neq 0$, the D-module representations of the D(2,1;α) superalgebras are obtained, with $α$ determined in terms of the scaling dimension $λ$ according to: $α=-2λ$ for k=4, i.e. the (4,4) supermultiplet, $α=-λ$ f…
Off-shell $(4,0)$ supermultiplets in 2-dimensions are formulated. These are used to construct sigma models whose target spaces are vector bundles over manifolds that are hyperkähler with torsion. The off-shell supersymmetry implies that the complex structures are simultaneously integrable and allows us to write actions using extended superspace and projective superspace, giving an explicit construction of the target space geometries.
Within the framework of (2,0) anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry in three dimensions, we propose a multiplet of higher-spin currents. Making use of this supercurrent, we construct two off-shell gauge formulations for a massless multiplet of half-integer superspin $(s+\frac 12)$, for every integer $s>0$. In the $s=1$ case, one formulation describes the linearised action for (2,0) anti-de Sitter supergravity, while the other gives the type III minimal supergravity action in (2,0) AdS superspace, with both linearised supergravity actions originally derived in arXiv:1109.0496. The constructed mass…
We present evidence of the existence of a 1D, N = 16 SUSY hologram that can be used to understand representation theory aspects of a 4D, N = 4 supersymmetrical vector multiplet. In this context, the long-standing off-shell "SUSY problem" for the 4D, N = 4 Maxwell supermultiplet is precisely formulated as a problem in linear algebra.
By utilizing a new procedure (the RADIO method) for deriving on-shell 2D, 2N-extended multiplets from off-shell 2D, N-extended multiplets, we derive a new on-shell 2D, N = 8 representation; the ultra-multiplet. By twisting with respect to parity, we show that many variant versions of this supermultiplet also exist.
We discuss $N=2\to N=1$ reduction in four dimensional conformal supergravity. In particular, we keep the off-shell structure of supermultiplets (except hypermultiplets). As we will show, starting with (almost) off-shell conformal supergravity makes the procedure simpler than that from $N=2$ Poincaré supergravity, which makes it easier to show the correspondence to the standard $N=1$ conformal supergravity. We find that the $N=1$ superconformal symmetry is simply realized by truncating the gravitino multiplet. We also discuss the consistency with the original $N=2$ system and show the reduced $…
Starting with valise supermultiplets obtained from 0-branes plus field redefinitions, valise adinkra networks, and the "Garden Algebra," we discuss an architecture for algorithms that (starting from on-shell theories and, through a well-defined computation procedure), search for off-shell completions. We show in one dimension how to directly attack the notorious "off-shell auxiliary field" problem of supersymmetry with algorithms in the adinkra network-world formulation.
The first complete and explicit SO(1,9) Lorentz descriptions of all component fields contained in $\mathcal{N} = 1$, $\mathcal{N} = 2$A, and $\mathcal{N} = 2$B unconstrained scalar 10D superfields are presented. These are made possible by the discovery of the relation of the superfield component expansion as a consequence of the branching rules of irreducible representations in one ordinary Lie algebra into one of its Lie subalgebras. Adinkra graphs for ten dimensional superspaces are defined for the first time, whose nodes depict spin bundle representations of SO(1,9). An analog of Breitenloh…
In N = 2 Poincare supersymmetry in four space-time dimensions, there exist off-shell supermultiplets with intrinsic central charge, including the important examples of the Fayet-Sohnius hypermultiplet, the linear and the nonlinear vector-tensor (VT) multiplets. One can also define similar supermultiplets in the context of N = 2 anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry, although the origin of the central charge becomes somewhat obscure. In this paper we develop a general setting for N = 2 AdS supersymmetric theories with central charge. We formulate a supersymmetric action principle in N = 2 AdS supe…
