Omid Zabeti
Several recent papers investigated unbounded versions of order and norm convergences in Banach lattices. In this paper, we study the unbounded variant of weak convergence and its relationship with other convergences. In particular, we characterize order continuous Banach lattices and reflexive Banach lattices in terms of this convergence.
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Motivated by the equivalent definition of a continuous operator between Banach spaces in terms of weakly null nets, we introduce unbounded continuous operators by replacing weak convergence with the unbounded absolutely weak convergence ( $uaw$-convergence) in the definition of a continuous operator between Banach lattices. We characterize order continuous Banach lattices and reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these spaces of operators. Moreover, motivated by characterizing of a reflexive Banach lattice in terms of unbounded absolutely weakly Cauchy sequences, we consider pre-unbounded oper…
Suppose $E$ is a Banach lattice. Recently, there have been some motivating contexts regarding the known Banach-Saks property and the Grothendieck property from an order point of view. In this paper, we establish these results for operators that enjoy different types considered for the Banach-Saks property as well as for different notions related to the Grothendieck property. In particular, beside other results, we characterize order continuity and reflexivity of Banach lattices in terms of the corresponding bounded operators defined on them.
Several recent papers investigated unbounded convergences in Banach lattices. Combine all unbounded convergences, including unbounded order (norm, absolute weak, absolute weak*) convergence, we characterize L-weakly compact sets, L-weakly compact operators and M-weakly compact operators on Banach lattices. Some related results are obtained as well.
Several recent papers investigated unbounded and statistical versions of order convergence and topology convergence in locally solid Riesz space. In this papers, we study the statistical unbounded order and topology convergence in Riesz spaces and Banach lattices. In particular, we study the relationship of those convergence and characterize order continuous, KB, reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these convergence.
Recently, the different types of unbounded convergences (uo, un, uaw, uaw*) in Banach lattices were studied. In this paper, we study the continuous functionals with respect to unbounded convergences. We first characterize the continuity of linear functionals for these convergences. Then we define the corresponding unbounded dual spaces and get their exact form. Based on these results, we discuss order continuity and reflexivity of Banach lattices. Some related results are obtained as well.
Recently, the functionals different types of unbounded convergences (uo, un, uaw, uaw*) in Banach lattices were studied. In this paper, we study the continuous operators with respect to unbounded convergences. We first investigate the approximation property of continuous operators for unbounded convergence. Then we show some characterizations of the continuity of the continuous operators for uo, un, uaw and uaw*-convergence. Based on these results, we discuss the order-weakly compact operators on Banach lattices. Some related results are obtained as well.
In this paper, we introduce and study a new classes of operators, named AM-unbounded norm compact operators. We study the the basic properties of the new operator and we investigate the lattice-order and topology property of the operator space of AM-unbounded norm compact operator.
We introduce a class of operators which is called unbounded Dunford-Pettis. In this paper, we study some properties of the operators, relationships with the other classes of operators and the space of these operators.
We utilize the idea underlying the construct of the classical weighted backward shift Rolewicz's operators to furnish a straightforward approach to a general construct of chaotic unbounded linear operators in a (real or complex) Banach space with a Schauder basis.
In this paper, we investigate more about relationship between $uaw$ -convergence (resp. $un$-convergence) and the weak convergence. More precisely, we characterize Banach lattices on which every weak null sequence is $uaw$-null. Also, we characterize order continuous Banach lattices under which every norm bounded $un$-null net (resp. sequence) is weakly null. As a consequence, we study relationship between sequentially $uaw$-compact operators and weakly compact operators. Also, it is proved that every continuous operator, from a Banach lattice $E$ into a non-zero Banach space $X$, is unbounded…
Among other results we investigate $\left( α,β\right) $-lineability of the set of non-continuous $m$-linear operators defined between normed spaces as a subset of the space of all $m$-linear operators. We also give a partial answer to an open problem on the lineability of the set of non absolutely summing operators.
A net $(x_α)$ in a vector lattice $X$ is unbounded order convergent to $x \in X$ if $\lvert x_α- x\rvert \wedge u$ converges to $0$ in order for all $u\in X_+$. This convergence has been investigated and applied in several recent papers by Gao et al. It may be viewed as a generalization of almost everywhere convergence to general vector lattices. In this paper, we study a variation of this convergence for Banach lattices. A net $(x_α)$ in a Banach lattice $X$ is unbounded norm convergent to $x$ if $\lVert\lvert x_α- x\rvert \wedge u\rVert\to 0$ for all $u\in X_+$. We show that this convergence…
Fremlin tensor product of Banach lattices and unbounded convergences
本文研究了在局部固矢量格上的Fremlin张量积拓扑，探讨了其在Banach格中保持无界收敛性的条件。
Construction of strong derivable maps via functional calculus of unbounded spectral operators in Banach spaces
本文利用无界标量型谱算子的函数演算及经典结果向完备局部凸空间的推广，给出强可导映射存在的充分条件并计算其导数，进而得到收敛于完备局部凸空间扩张积分的积分序列。
In this paper, we study $un$-dual (in symbol, $\ud{E}$) of Banach lattice $E$ and compare it with topological dual $E^*$. If $E^*$ has order continuous norm, then $E^* = \ud{E}$. We introduce and study weakly unbounded norm topology ($wun$-topology) on Banach lattices and compare it with weak topology and $uaw$-topology. In the final, we introduce and study $wun$-Dunford-Pettis opertors from a Banach lattice $E$ into Banach space $X$ and we investigate some of its properties and its relationships with others known operators.
Motivated by the equivalent definition of a continuous operator between Banach spaces in terms of weakly null nets, we introduce two types of continuous operators between Banach lattices using unbounded absolute weak convergence. We characterize reflexive Banach lattices in terms of these spaces of operators. Furthermore, we investigate whether or not the adjoint of these classes of operators has the corresponding property. In addition, we show that these kinds of operators are norm closed but not order closed. Moreover, we establish how these classes of continuous operators are connected to t…
In this article we investigate the disjointly non-singular (DNS) operators. Following [8] we say that an operator $T$ from a Banach lattice $F$ into a Banach space $E$ is DNS, if no restriction of $T$ to a subspace generated by a disjoint sequence is strictly singular. We partially answer a question from [8] by showing that this class of operators forms an open subset of $L\left(F,E\right)$ as soon as $F$ is order continuous. Moreover, we show that in this case $T$ is DNS if and only if the norm topology is the minimal topology which is simultaneously stronger than the unbounded norm topology …
We introduce and study a new class of operators that we call disjoint weak Banach-Saks operators. We establish some characterizations of this class of operators by different types of convergence (norm convergence, unbounded order convergence, unbounded norm convergence and unbounded absolute weak convergence) as well as by the positive weakly null sequences. Consequently, we give a new characterization of the disjoint weak Banach-Saks property by the positive disjoint weakly null sequences. Furthermore, we study the relationship between this class and other classes of operators.
The notion of almost everywhere convergence has been generalized to vector lattices as unbounded order convergence, which proves a very useful tool in the theory of vector and Banach lattices. In this short note, we establish some new results on unbounded order convergence that tie up some loose ends. In particular, we show that every norm bounded positive increasing net in an order continuous Banach lattice is uo-Cauchy and that every uo-Cauchy net in an order continuous Banach lattice has a uo-limit in the universal completion.
A net $(x_α)$ in a Banach lattice $X$ is said to un-converge to a vector $x$ if $\bigl\lVert\lvert x_α-x\rvert\wedge u\bigr\rVert\to 0$ for every $u\in X_+$. In this paper, we investigate un-topology, i.e., the topology that corresponds to un-convergence. We show that un-topology agrees with the norm topology iff $X$ has a strong unit. Un-topology is metrizable iff $X$ has a quasi-interior point. Suppose that $X$ is order continuous, then un-topology is locally convex iff $X$ is atomic. An order continuous Banach lattice $X$ is a KB-space iff its closed unit ball $B_X$ is un-complete. For a Ba…
In this note, we consider several notions related to the Grothendieck property. Among them, we introduce the notion "unbounded Grothendieck property" in a Banach lattice as an unbounded version of the known Grothedieck property in the Banach space theory. Beside other results, surprisingly, we show that spaces with the unbounded Grothendieck property are exactly the reflexive Banach lattices.
We investigate a limiting procedure for extending local integral operator equalities to the global ones and to applying it to obtaining generalizations of the Newton-Leibnitz formula for operator-valued maps for a wide class of unbounded operators.
Unbounded order convergence has lately been systematically studied as a generalization of almost everywhere convergence to the abstract setting of vector and Banach lattices. This paper presents a duality theory for unbounded order convergence. We define the unbounded order dual (or uo-dual) $X_{uo}^\sim$ of a Banach lattice $X$ and identify it as the order continuous part of the order continuous dual $X_n^\sim$. The result allows us to characterize the Banach lattices that have order continuous preduals and to show that an order continuous predual is unique when it exists. Applications to the…
A net $(x_α)$ in a vector lattice $X$ is said to be {unbounded order convergent} (or uo-convergent, for short) to $x\in X$ if the net $(\abs{x_α-x}\wedge y)$ converges to 0 in order for all $y\in X_+$. In this paper, we study unbounded order convergence in dual spaces of Banach lattices. Let $X$ be a Banach lattice. We prove that every norm bounded uo-convergent net in $X^*$ is $w^*$-convergent iff $X$ has order continuous norm, and that every $w^*$-convergent net in $X^*$ is uo-convergent iff $X$ is atomic with order continuous norm. We also characterize among $σ$-order complete Banach lattic…
This paper is devoted to the study of unbounded derivations on Banach quasi *-algebras with a particular emphasis to the case when they are infinitesimal generators of one parameter automorphisms groups. Both of them, derivations and automorphisms are considered in a weak sense; i.e., with the use of a certain families of bounded sesquilinear forms. Conditions for a weak *-derivation to be the generator of a *-automorphisms group are given.
In this paper, we characterize Banach lattices on which each Dunford-Pettis operator (or weak Dunford-Pettis) is unbounded absolute weak Dunford-Pettis operator and the converse.
Several recent papers investigated lattice copies and unbounded convergences in Banach lattices. In this paper, we first solve the problem of RV and LA which is an extension of the well-known James distortion theorem. Using lattice copies and unbounded convergence, then we introduce weak L- and M-weakly compact operators on Banach lattices and research the relationship between these operators and L- and M-weakly compact operators. Finally, we study the compactness of weak L-weakly compact and weak M-weakly compact operators.
We study the notions of acs, luacs and uacs Banach spaces which were introduced by V. Kadets et al. in 2000 and form common generalisations of the usual rotundity and smoothness properties of Banach spaces. In particular, we are interested in (mainly infinite) absolute sums of such spaces. We also introduce some new classes of spaces that lie inbetween those of acs and uacs spaces and study their behaviour under the formation of absolute sums as well.
A net $(x_α)_{α\in Γ}$ in a vector lattice $X$ is unbounded order convergent (uo-convergent) to $x$ if $|x_α-x| \wedge y \xrightarrow{o} 0$ for each $y \in X_+$, and is unbounded order Cauchy (uo-Cauchy) if the net $(x_α-x_{α'})_{Γ\times Γ}$ is uo-convergent to 0. In the first part of this article, we study uo-convergent and uo-Cauchy nets in Banach lattices and use them to characterize Banach lattices with the positive Schur property and KB-spaces. In the second part, we use the concept of uo-Cauchy sequences to extend Doob's submartingale convergence theorems to a measure-free setting. Our r…
As a generalization of almost everywhere convergence to vector lattices, unbounded order convergence has garnered much attention. The concept of boundedly uo-complete Banach lattices was introduced by N. Gao and F. Xanthos, and has been studied in recent papers by D. Leung, V.G. Troitsky, and the aforementioned authors. We will prove that a Banach lattice is boundedly uo-complete iff it is monotonically complete. Afterwards, we study completeness-type properties of minimal topologies; minimal topologies are exactly the Hausdorff locally solid topologies in which uo-convergence implies topologi…
A Daugavet-point (resp.~$Δ$-point) of a Banach space is a norm one element $x$ for which every point in the unit ball (resp.~element $x$ itself) is in the closed convex hull of unit ball elements that are almost at distance 2 from $x$. A Banach space has the well-known Daugavet property (resp.~diametral local diameter 2 property) if and only if every norm one element is a Daugavet-point (resp.~$Δ$-point). This paper complements the article "Delta- and Daugavet-points in Banach spaces" by T. A. Abrahamsen, R. Haller, V. Lima, and K. Pirk, where the study of the existence of Daugavet- and $Δ$-po…
We present a construction that allows us to define a limit object of Banach space decorated graph sequences in a generalized homomorphism density sense. This general functional analytic framework provides a universal language for various combinatorial limit notions. In particular it makes it possible to assign limit objects to multigraph sequences that are convergent in the sense of node-and-edge homomorphism numbers, and it generalizes the limit theory for graph sequences with compact decorations.
Based on the concept of unbounded absolutely weakly convergence, we give new characterizations of L-weakly compact sets. As applications, we find some properties of order weakly compact operators. Also, a new characterizations of order continuous Banach lattices are obtained.
The existence of a solution, convergence and stability of the penalty method for variational inequalities with nonsmooth unbounded uniformly and properly monotone operators in Banach spase $B$ are investigated. All the objects of the inequality - the operator A, "the right-hand part" $f$ and the set of constrains $Ω$ - are to be perturbed. The stability theorems are formulated in terms of geometric characteristics of the spaces $B$ and $B^*$. The results of this paper are continuity and generalization of the Lions' ones, published earlier in \cite{l}. They are new even in Hilbert spaces.
The Strong Law of Large Numbers for random semigroups with unbounded generators on uniformly smooth Banach spaces
研究随机线性无界算子在一致光滑Banach空间中的强大数定律，考虑随机半群的组合而非独立同分布变量的和，提出新的强算子拓扑下结论。
We prove that, if Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ are $δ$-average rough, then their direct sum with respect to an absolute norm $N$ is $δ/N(1,1)$-average rough. In particular, for octahedral $X$ and $Y$ and for $p$ in $(1,\infty)$ the space $X\oplus_p Y$ is $2^{1-1/p}$-average rough, which is in general optimal. Another consequence is that for any $δ$ in $(1,2]$ there is a Banach space which is exactly $δ$-average rough. We give a complete characterization when an absolute sum of two Banach spaces is octahedral or has the strong diameter 2 property. However, among all of the absolute sums, the diame…
The primary purpose of the present paper is to investigate when relations of the types $|AB|=|A||B|$, $|A\pm B|\leq |A|+|B|$, $||A|-|B||\leq |A\pm B|$ and $|\overline{\text{Re} A}|\leq |A|$ (among others) hold in an unbounded operator setting. As interesting consequences, we obtain a characterization of (unbounded) self-adjointness as well as a characterization of invertibility for the class of unbounded normal operators.
Grothendieck's compactness principle for the absolute weak topology
本文在Banach格中建立绝对弱拓扑的格罗滕迪克紧性原理，证明绝对弱紧集与绝对弱序列紧集的等价条件，并刻画绝对弱紧子集可由绝对弱零序列的闭凸包包含当且仅当格具有正Schur性质。
We study the numerical index of absolute sums of Banach spaces, giving general conditions which imply that the numerical index of the sum is less or equal than the infimum of the numerical indices of the summands and we provide some examples where the equality holds covering the already known case of $c_0$-, $\ell_1$- and $\ell_\infty$-sums and giving as a new result the case of $E$-sums where $E$ has the RNP and $n(E)=1$ (in particular for finite-dimensional $E$ with $n(E)=1$). We also show that the numerical index of a Banach space $Z$ which contains a dense increasing union of one-complemen…
Several Komlós like properties in Banach lattices are investigated. We prove that $C(K)$ fails the $oo$-pre-Komlós property, assuming that the compact Hausdorff space $K$ has a nonempty separable open subset $U$ without isolated points such that every $u\in U$ has countable neighborhood base. We prove also that for any infinite dimensional Banach lattice $E$ there is an unbounded convex $uo$-pre-Komlós set $C\subseteq E_+$ which is not $uo$-Komlós.
Local spectral radius formulas for a class of unbounded operators on Banach spaces
本文研究Banach空间上一类具有单值延拓性质的无界算子，证明其局部谱半径公式成立，并给出常系数微分算子、Jacobi算子、Hermite算子及Laguerre算子等具体例子。
The Bohr-Bohnenblust-Hille Theorem states that the width of the strip in the complex plane on which an ordinary Dirichlet series $\sum_n a_n n^{-s}$ converges uniformly but not absolutely is less than or equal to 1/2, and this estimate is optimal. Equivalently, the supremum of the absolute convergence abscissas of all Dirichlet series in the Hardy space $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ equals 1/2. By a surprising fact of Bayart the same result holds true if $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ is replaced by any Hardy space $\mathcal{H}_p$, $1 \le p < \infty$, of Dirichlet series. For Dirichlet series with coefficients i…
The concept of logarithmic representation of infinitesimal generators is introduced, and it is applied to clarify the algebraic structure of bounded and unbounded infinitesimal generators. In particular, by means of the logarithmic representation, the bounded components can be extracted from generally-unbounded infinitesimal generators. In conclusion the concept of module over a Banach algebra is proposed as the generalization of Banach algebra. As an application to mathematical physics, the rigorous formulation of rotation group, which consists of unbounded operators being written by differen…
We prove that, when $2<p<\infty$, in the free Banach lattice generated by $\ell_p$ (respectively by $c_0$), the absolute values of the canonical basis form an $\ell_r$-sequence, where $\frac{1}{r} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{p}$ (respectively an $\ell_2$-sequence). In particular, in any Banach lattice, the absolute values of any $\ell_p$ sequence always have an upper $\ell_r$-estimate. Quite surprisingly, this implies that the free Banach lattices generated by the nonseparable $\ell_p(Γ)$ for $2<p<\infty$, as well as $c_0(Γ)$, are weakly compactly generated whereas this is not the case for $1\leq…
Let $A,X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $A\times X\to Y$, $(a,x)\mapsto ax$, be a continuous bilinear function, called a *Banach action*. We say that this action *preserves unconditional convergence* if for every bounded sequence $(a_n)_{n\inω}$ in $A$ and unconditionally convergent series $\sum_{n\inω}x_n$ in $X$ the series $\sum_{n\inω}a_nx_n$ is unconditionally convergent. We prove that a Banach action $A\times X\to Y$ preserves unconditional convergence if and only if for any linear functional $y^*\in Y^*$ the operator $D_{y^*}:X\to A^*$, $D_{y^*}(x)(a)=y^*(ax)$, is absolutely summing. Combining …
In this paper, using the concept of unbounded absolute weak convergence ($uaw$-convergence, for short) in a Banach lattice, we define two classes of continuous operators, named $uaw$-Dunford-Pettis and $uaw$-compact operators. We investigate some properties and relations between them. In particular, we consider some hypotheses on domain or range spaces of operators such that the adjoint or the modulus of a $uaw$-Dunford-Pettis or $uaw$-compact operator inherits a similar property. In addition, we look into some connections between compact operators, weakly compact operators, and Dunford-Pettis…
In this paper several joint spectra for a finite commuting family of closed operators in Banach space are considered, some new relations between these spectra established (earlier only the inclusion of the Taylor spectrum in the commutant one was known), and in the case of semigroup generators spectral mapping theorems for such spectra are proved. Several of this theorems are generalizations of preceding results due to the author. Applications to stability of multiparametric semigroups are given.
In this paper, we continue the investigation of topological properties of unbounded norm (un-)topology in normed lattices. We characterize separability and second countability of un-topology in terms of properties of the underlying normed lattice. We apply our results to prove that an order continuous Banach function space $X$ over a semi-finite measure space is separable if and only if it has a $σ$-finite carrier and is separable with respect to the topology of local convergence in measure. We also address the question when a normed lattice is a normal space with respect to the un-topology.
A variant of Tingley's problem on ordered Banach spaces of absolutely continuous functions
研究关于绝对连续函数的有序巴拿赫空间上廷利问题的变体，通过定义特定空间和映射，证明满射保距映射可唯一扩展为复线性等距序同构，并得到满射相位等距映射的扩展定理。
A Note on Unbounded Convergences in Fremlin Projective Tensor Products
本文证明无额外假设时Banach格的Fremlin投射张量积保持初等张量的两类无界收敛，借助张量-格估计简化了此前需额外假设的持久性结果的证明。
We construct a continuous scalar-valued 2-polynomial, $W$, on the separable Hilbert space $l_2$ and an unbounded set $R\subset l_2$ such that (i) $W$ is bounded on an $ε$-neighbourhood of $R$; (ii) $W$ is unbounded on ${1/2} R$; (iii) consequently, $W$ does not factor through any bounded 1-polynomial on $l_2$ sending $R$ to a bounded set. This answers in the negative two 1935 questions asked by Mazur (problems 55 and 75 in the Scottish Book). The construction is valid both over $\R$ and $\C$. (In finite dimensions the questions were answered in the positive by Auerbach soon after being asked.)
We study properties of the topological space of composition operators on the Banach algebra of bounded functions on an unbounded, locally finite metric space in the operator norm topology and essential norm topology. Moreover, we characterize the compactness of differences of two such composition operators.
We show that if a Banach lattice is projective, then every bounded sequence that can be mapped by a homomorphism onto the basis of $c_0$ must contain an $\ell_1$-subsequence. As a consequence, if Banach lattices $\ell_p$ or $FBL[E]$ are projective, then $p=1$ or $E$ has the Schur property, respectively. On the other hand, we show that $C(K)$ is projective whenever $K$ is an absolute neighbourhood retract, answering a question by de Pagter and Wickstead.
Suppose $X$ is a vector lattice and there is a notion of convergence $x_α \rightarrow x$ in $X$. Then we can speak of an "unbounded" version of this convergence by saying that $(x_α)$ unbounded converges to $x\in X$ if $\lvert x_α-x\rvert \wedge u\rightarrow 0$ for every $u \in X_+$. In the literature, the unbounded versions of the norm, order and absolute weak convergence have been studied. Here we create a general theory of unbounded convergence but with a focus on uo-convergence and those convergences deriving from locally solid topologies.
The main results of the paper: {\bf (1)} The dual Banach space $X^*$ contains a linear subspace $A\subset X^*$ such that the set $A^{(1)}$ of all limits of weak$^*$ convergent bounded nets in $A$ is a proper norm-dense subset of $X^*$ if and only if $X$ is a non-quasi-reflexive Banach space containing an infinite-dimensional subspace with separable dual. {\bf (2)} Let $X$ be a non-reflexive Banach space. Then there exists a convex subset $A\subset X^*$ such that $A^{(1)}\neq {\bar{A}\,}^*$ (the latter denotes the weak$^*$ closure of $A$). {\bf (3)} Let $X$ be a quasi-reflexive Banach space and…
Let $A$ be an unbounded operator on a Banach space $X$. It is sometimes useful to improve the operator $A$ by extending it to an operator $B$ on a larger Banach space $Y$ with smaller spectrum. It would be preferable to do this with some estimates for the resolvent of $B$, and also to extend bounded operators related to $A$, for example a semigroup generated by $A$. When $X$ is a Hilbert space, one may also want $Y$ to be Hilbert space. Results of this type for bounded operators have been given by Arens, Read, Müller and Badea, and we give some extensions of their results to unbounded operator…
Domains of Monomial Convergence in Banach Sequence Spaces
本文研究 Banach 序列空间上全纯函数单项式展开的绝对收敛域，刻画了可分空间及 $\ell^p$、$c_0$、$\ell^\infty$ 等空间的收敛域，并构造反例否定 Lempert 问题。
This article summarises the theory of several bounded functional calculi for unbounded operators that have recently been discovered. The extend the Hille--Phillips calculus for (negative) generators $A$ of certain bounded $C_0$-semigroups, in particular for bounded semigroups on Hilbert spaces and bounded holomorphic semigroups on Banach spaces. They include functions outside the Hille-Phillips class, and they generally give sharper bounds for the norms of the resulting operators $f(A)$. The calculi are mostly based on appropriate reproducing formulas for the relevant classes of functions, and…
In this paper, we generalize the concept of unbounded norm (un) convergence: let $X$ be a normed lattice and $Y$ a vector lattice such that $X$ is an order dense ideal in $Y$; we say that a net $(y_α)$ un-converges to $y$ in $Y$ with respect to $X$ if $\Bigl\lVert\lvert y_α-y\rvert \wedge x\Bigr\rVert\to 0$ for every $x\in X_+$. We extend several known results about un-convergence and un-topology to this new setting. We consider the special case when $Y$ is the universal completion of $X$. If $Y=L_0(μ)$, the space of all $μ$-measurable functions, and $X$ is an order continuous Banach function …
In this article we deal with the free Banach lattice $FBL\langle \mathbb{L} \rangle$ generated by a lattice $\mathbb{L}$. We prove that if $FBL\langle \mathbb{L} \rangle$ is projective then $\mathbb{L}$ has a maximum and a minimum. On the other hand, we show that if $\mathbb{L}$ has maximum and minimum then $FBL\langle \mathbb{L} \rangle$ is $2$-lattice isomorphic to a $C(K)$-space. As a consequence, $FBL\langle \mathbb{L} \rangle$ is projective if and only if it is lattice isomorphic to a $C(K)$-space with $K$ being an absolute neighborhood retract. As an application, we characterize those li…
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