Let $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $c \in \mathbb{Z}_k$, where $\mathbb{Z}_1=\mathbb{Z}$. A graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$ is said to be $c$-sum $k$-magic if there is a labeling $\ell:E(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_k \setminus \{0\}$ such that $\sum_{u \in N(v)} \ell(uv) \equiv c \pmod{k}$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$, where $N(v)$ is the neighborhood of $v$ in $G$. We say that $G$ is completely $k$-magic whenever it is $c$-sum $k$-magic for every $c \in \mathbb{Z}_k$. In this paper, we characterize all completely $k$-magic regular graphs.
For a set of distances $D$, a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices is said to be $D$-magic if there exists a bijection $f:V\rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots , n\}$ and a constant $k$ such that for any vertex $x$, $\sum_{y\in N_D(x)} f(y) = k$, where $N_D(x)=\{y|d(x,y)=i, i\in D\}$ is the $D$-neighbourhood set of $x$. In this paper we utilize spectra of graphs to characterize strongly regular graphs which are $D$-magic, for all possible distance sets $D$. In addition, we provide necessary conditions for distance regular graphs of diameter 3 to be $\{1\}$-magic.
Hefetz, Mütze, and Schwartz conjectured that every connected undirected graph admits an antimagic orientation. In this paper we support the analogous question for distance magic labeling. Let $Γ$ be an Abelian group of order $n$. A \textit{directed $Γ$-distance magic labeling} of an oriented graph $\vec{G} = (V,A)$ of order $n$ is a bijection $\vec{l}:V \rightarrow Γ$ with the property that there is a \textit{magic constant} $μ\in Γ$ such that for every $x \in V(G)$ $ w(x) = \sum_{y \in N^{+}(x)}\vec{l}(y) - \sum_{y \in N^{-}(x)} \vec{l}(y) = μ. $ In this paper we provide an infinite family of…
Graph labeling is a well-known and intensively investigated problem in graph theory. Sparse anti-magic squares are useful in constructing vertex-magic labeling for graphs. For positive integers $n,d$ and $d<n$, an $n\times n$ array $A$ based on $\{0,1,\cdots,nd\}$ is called \emph{a sparse anti-magic square of order $n$ with density $d$}, denoted by SAMS$(n,d)$, if each element of $\{1,2,\cdots,nd\}$ occurs exactly one entry of $A$, and its row-sums, column-sums and two main diagonal sums constitute a set of $2n+2$ consecutive integers. An SAMS$(n,d)$ is called \emph{regular} if there are exact…
In this paper, we determine the distance magic index of lexicograph product of a regular graph with the complement of complete graph, disjoint union of m copies of complete multi- partite graph and disjoint union of m copies of lexicographic product of cycle with complement of complete graph. In addition to that, we also prove some necessary conditions for a regular graph to be of distance magic index one.
This paper establishes two techniques to construct larger distance magic and (a, d)-distance antimagic graphs using Harary graphs and provides a solution to the existence of distance magicness of legicographic product and direct product of G with C4, for every non-regular distance magic graph G with maximum degree |V(G)|-1.
A mapping $l : E(G) \rightarrow A$, where $A$ is an abelian group which written additively, is called a labeling of the graph $G$. For every positive integer $h \geqslant 2$, a graph $G$ is said to be zero-sum $h$-magic if there is an edge labeling $l$ from $E(G)$ into $\mathbb{Z}_{h} \backslash \{0\}$ such that $s(v) = \sum_{uv\in E(G)}l(uv) = 0$ for every vertex $v \in V(G)$. In 2014, Saieed Akbari, Farhad Rahmati and Sanaz Zare conjectured that every 5-regular graph admits a zero-sum $3$-magic labeling. In this paper, we obtained that every 5-regular graph with every edge contains in a tria…
A magic labelling of a graph $G$ with magic sum $s$ is a labelling of the edges of $G$ by nonnegative integers such that for each vertex $v\in V$, the sum of labels of all edges incident to $v$ is equal to the same number $s$. Stanley gave remarkable results on magic labellings, but the distinct labelling case is much more complicated. We consider the complete construction of all magic labellings of a given graph $G$. The idea is illustrated in detail by dealing with three regular graphs. We give combinatorial proofs. The structure result was used to enumerate the corresponding magic distinct …
For a set of distances $D$, a graph $G$ of order $n$ is said to be $D-$magic if there exists a bijection $f:V\rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots, n\}$ and a constant $k$ such that for any vertex $x$, $\sum_{y\in N_D(x)} f(y) =k$, where $N_D(x)=\{y|d(y,x)=j, j\in D\}$. In this paper we shall find sets of distances $D$s, such that the hypercube is $D-$magic. We shall utilise well-known properties of (bipartite) distance-regular graphs to construct the $D-$magic labelings.
A bijective mapping $f: V(G) \rightarrow \left\{1,2,\ldots,n\right\}$ is called a \emph{Distance Magic Labeling (DML) of $G$} if ~ ${\sum_{v \in N(u)}} f(v) $ is a constant for all $u\in V(G)$ where $G$ is a simple graph of order $n$ and $N(u)$ = $\{v\in V(G):$ $uv\in E(G)\}$. Graph $G$ is called a \emph{Distance Magic Graph (DMG)} if it has a DML, otherwise it is called a \emph{Non-Distance Magic (NDM) graph}. In 1996, Vilfred proposed a conjecture that cylindrical grid graphs $P_m \Box C_n$ are NDM for $m \geq 2$, $n \geq 3$ and $m,n\in\mathbb{N}$. Recently, the authors could prove the conje…
We construct new families of completely regular codes by concatenation methods. By combining parity check matrices of cyclic Hamming codes, we obtain families of completely regular codes. In all cases, we compute the intersection array of these codes. We also study when the extension of these codes gives completely regular codes. Some of these new codes are completely transitive.
This work is a survey on completely regular codes. Known properties, relations with other combinatorial structures and constructions are stated. The existence problem is also discussed and known results for some particular cases are established. In particular, we present a few new results on completely regular codes with covering radius 2 and on extended completely regular codes.
Given a parity-check matrix $H_m$ of a $q$-ary Hamming code, we consider a partition of the columns into two subsets. Then, we consider the two codes that have these submatrices as parity-check matrices. We say that anyone of these two codes is the supplementary code of the other one. We obtain that if one of these codes is a Hamming code, then the supplementary code is completely regular and completely transitive. If one of the codes is completely regular with covering radius $2$, then the supplementary code is also completely regular with covering radius at most $2$. Moreover, in this case, …
Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发工业大学）；Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics（数学、物理与力学研究所）；University of Primorska, FAMNIT（沿海大学FAMNIT学院）；University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education（卢布尔雅那大学教育学院）；University of Primorska, Institute Andrej Marušič（沿海大学安德烈亚·马鲁西奇研究所）
In his doctoral thesis, Snover proved that any binary $(m,256,δ)$ code is equivalent to the Nordstrom-Robinson code or the punctured Nordstrom-Robinson code for $(m,δ)=(16,6)$ or $(15,5)$ respectively. We prove that these codes are also characterised as \emph{completely regular} binary codes with $(m,δ)=(16,6)$ or $(15,5)$, and moreover, that they are \emph{completely transitive}. Also, it is known that completely transitive codes are necessarily completely regular, but whether the converse holds has up to now been an open question. We answer this by proving that certain completely regular cod…
A set $C$ of vertices of a simple graph is called a completely regular code if for each $i=0$, $1$, $2$, \ldots and $j = i-1$, $i$, $i+1$, all vertices at distance $i$ from $C$ have the same number $s_{ij}$ of neighbors at distance $j$ from $C$. We characterize the completely regular codes in the infinite hexagonal grid graph.
We prove that any completely regular code with minimum eigenvalue in any geometric graph G corresponds to a completely regular code in the clique graph of G. Studying the interrelation of these codes, a complete characterization of the completely regular codes in the Johnson graphs J(n,w) with covering radius w-1 and strength 1 is obtained. In particular this result finishes a characterization of the completely regular codes in the Johnson graphs J(n,3). We also classify the completely regular codes of strength 1 in the Johnson graphs J(n,4) with only one case for the eigenvalues left open.
In this paper, we explore completely regular codes in the Hamming graphs and related graphs. Experimental evidence suggests that many completely regular codes have the property that the eigenvalues of the code are in arithmetic progression. In order to better understand these "arithmetic completely regular codes", we focus on cartesian products of completely regular codes and products of their corresponding coset graphs in the additive case. Employing earlier results, we are then able to prove a theorem which nearly classifies these codes in the case where the graph admits a completely regular…
Let L be a Desarguesian 2-spread in the Grassmann graph $J_q(n,2)$. We prove that the collection of the 4-subspaces, which do not contain subspaces from L is a completely regular code in $J_q(n,4)$. Similarly, we construct a completely regular code in the Johnson graph $J(n,6)$ from the Steiner quadruple system of the extended Hamming code. We obtain several new completely regular codes covering radius 1 in the Grassmann graph $J_2(6,3)$ using binary linear programming.
A matchstick graph is a graph drawn with straight edges in the plane such that the edges have unit length, and non-adjacent edges do not intersect. We call a matchstick graph $(m;n)$-regular if every vertex has only degree $m$ or $n$. In this article we present the latest known $(4;n)$-regular matchstick graphs for $4\leq n\leq11$ with a minimum number of vertices and a completely asymmetric structure. We call a matchstick graph completely asymmetric, if the following conditions are complied. 1) The graph is rigid. 2) The graph has no point, rotational or mirror symmetry. 3) The graph has an a…
The dodecacode is a nonlinear additive quaternary code of length $12$. By puncturing it at any of the twelve coordinates, we obtain a uniformly packed code of distance $5$. In particular, this latter code is completely regular but not completely transitive. Its coset graph is distance-regular of diameter three on $2^{10}$ vertices, with new intersection array $\{33,30,15;1,2,15\}$. The automorphism groups of the code, and of the graph, are determined. Connecting the vertices at distance two gives a strongly regular graph of (previously known) parameters $(2^{10},495,238,240)$. Another strongly…
A primitive completely normal element for an extension $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ of Galois fields is a generator of the multiplicative group of $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}$, which simultaneously is normal over every intermediate field of that extension. We are going to prove that such a generator exists when $\mathbb{F}_{q^n}/\mathbb{F}_{q}$ is an 'exceptional' regular extension. In combination with [6] our investigations altogether settle the existence of primitive completely normal bases for any regular extension. An important feature of the class of regular extensions is that they comprise ev…
On maximum distance separable and completely regular codes
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学）；A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Problems of Information Transmission, Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院 A.A. 哈尔维奇信息传输问题研究所）
