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arXiv 1601.02564math.CO
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随机图的多色Ramsey性质

On some multicolour Ramsey properties of random graphs

Andrzej Dudek, Paweł Prałat

摘要:

图$F$的大小Ramsey数$\hat{R}(F)$是最小整数$m$,使得在$m$边上存在图$G$,并且$G$的边的任何两种颜色的着色产生$F$的单色副本。本文首先研究了$n$顶点上的路$P_n$的大小Ramsey数。特别是,我们表明,$5n/2-15/2 \le \hat{R}(P_n) \le 74n$ $n$足够大。(The上界使用随机$d$ -正则图的扩展属性。这改进了先前Bollobás的下限$\hat{R}(P_n) \ge (1+\sqrt{2})n-O(1)$和Letzter的上限$\hat{R}(P_n) \le 91n$。接下来我们用$pn \to \infty$研究边着色随机图$G(n,p)$中的长单色路。设$α> 0$是一个任意小的常数。最近,Letzter表明,a.a.s.\ $G(n,p)$的任何$2$边着色产生长度为$(2/3-α)n$的单色路径,这是最佳的。推广这一结果,我们表明,a.a.s.\ $G(n,p)$的任何$3$ -边缘着色产生长度为$(1/2-α)n$的单色路径,这也是最佳的。在一般情况下,我们证明,对于$r\ge 4$ a.a.s.\ $G(n,p)$的任何$r$ -边缘着色产生长度为$(1/r-α)n$的单色路径。我们还考虑了一个相关的问题,并表明,对于任何$r \ge 2$,a.a.s.\ $G(n,p)$的任何$r$ -边着色产生$(1/(r-1)-α)n$顶点上的单色连通子图,这也是紧的。

英文摘要:

The size-Ramsey number $\hat{R}(F)$ of a graph $F$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ on $m$ edges with the property that any colouring of the edges of $G$ with two colours yields a monochromatic copy of $F$. In this paper, first we focus on the size-Ramsey number of a path $P_n$ on $n$ vertices. In particular, we show that $5n/2-15/2 \le \hat{R}(P_n) \le 74n$ for $n$ sufficiently large. (The upper bound uses expansion properties of random $d$-regular graphs.) This improves the previous lower bound, $\hat{R}(P_n) \ge (1+\sqrt{2})n-O(1)$, due to Bollobás, and the upper bound, $\hat{R}(P_n) \le 91n$, due to Letzter. Next we study long monochromatic paths in edge-coloured random graph $G(n,p)$ with $pn \to \infty$. Let $α> 0$ be an arbitrarily small constant. Recently, Letzter showed that a.a.s.\ any $2$-edge colouring of $G(n,p)$ yields a monochromatic path of length $(2/3-α)n$, which is optimal. Extending this result, we show that a.a.s.\ any $3$-edge colouring of $G(n,p)$ yields a monochromatic path of length $(1/2-α)n$, which is also optimal. In general, we prove that for $r\ge 4$ a.a.s.\ any $r$-edge colouring of $G(n,p)$ yields a monochromatic path of length $(1/r-α)n$. We also consider a related problem and show that for any $r \ge 2$, a.a.s.\ any $r$-edge colouring of $G(n,p)$ yields a monochromatic connected subgraph on $(1/(r-1)-α)n$ vertices, which is also tight.

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