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arXiv 1302.5317cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.quant-gas
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二维自旋和电荷激发的动力学对称性的元胞平均场方法研究

Dynamical symmetry between spin and charge excitations studied by a plaquette mean-field approach in two dimensions

Philipp Jurgenowski, Michael Potthoff

摘要:

利用团簇微扰理论的非平衡态推广,研究了6 × 6正方形格子上哈伯德模型中局域占据数的实时动态.利用多重散射理论的概念和Keldysh-Matsubara轮廓上的非平衡格林函数的分量分解,将簇方法应用于二维晶格系统的研究。我们认为“经典”的初始状态形成为张量积的状态2 × 2元格和跟踪元格间跳跃的影响,在最终状态的动力学。在单个元格上考虑了两种不同的初始激发态:全极化交错自旋态(Néel)和全极化电荷密度波(CDW)。末态动力学受动力学对称性约束,即时间演化算符和某些观测量在由时间反演、非对称粒子-空穴和交错符号变换组成的反幺正变换下是不变的。我们发现这种动力学对称性与能量和时间尺度的分离之间存在一种有趣的相互关系:在所有格点都被激发的全局激发的情况下,初始Néel态和初始CDW态通过变换联系起来。这防止了在短时间尺度上有效地弛豫CDW状态,该短时间尺度支配电荷自由度的动态。相反,CDW态的弛豫速度比Néel态快得多的情况下,在一个单一的元格的局部激发,其中两个状态之间的对称性关系被破坏的耦合到环境。

英文摘要:

The real-time dynamics of local occupation numbers in a Hubbard model on a 6x6 square lattice is studied by means of the non-equilibrium generalization of the cluster-perturbation theory. The cluster approach is adapted to studies of two-dimensional lattice systems by using concepts of multiple-scattering theory and a component decomposition of the non-equilibrium Green's function on the Keldysh-Matsubara contour. We consider "classical" initial states formed as tensor products of states on 2x2-plaquettes and trace the effects of the inter-plaquette hopping in the final-state dynamics. Two different initially excited states are considered on an individual plaquette, a fully polarized staggered spin state (Néel) and a fully polarized charge-density wave (CDW). The final-state dynamics is constrained by a dynamical symmetry, i.e. the time-evolution operator and certain observables are invariant under an anti-unitary transformation composed of time reversal, an asymmetric particle-hole, and a staggered sign transformation. We find an interesting interrelation between this dynamical symmetry and the separation of energy and time scales: In case of a global excitation with all plaquettes excited, the initial Néel and the initial CDW states are linked by the transformation. This prevents an efficient relaxation of the CDW state on the short time scale governing the dynamics of charge degrees of freedom. Contrary, the CDW state is found to relax much faster than the Néel state in case of a local excitation on a single plaquette where the symmetry relation between the two states is broken by the coupling to the environment.

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