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arXiv 1209.1389astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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在模拟LCDM星系中再现恒星质量/晕质量关系:理论与观测估计

Reproducing the Stellar Mass/Halo Mass Relation in Simulated LCDM Galaxies: Theory vs Observational Estimates

Ferah Munshi, F. Governato, A. M. Brooks, C. Christensen, S. Shen, S. Loebman, B. Moster, T. Quinn, J. Wadsley

摘要:

我们用完全宇宙学的LCDM高分辨率SPH + N-Body模拟方法研究了一个新的模拟场星系样本的当前恒星-晕质量比(SHM)随晕质量的变化,这些模拟包括对金属线冷却、尘埃和自屏蔽、H2基恒星形成和超新星驱动气体外流的显式处理。这18个模拟的晕的质量从10^8的几倍到近10^12太阳质量不等。在z=0时,我们模拟的星系具有场星系典型的重子含量和形态。在2.2 x 10^3到4.5 x 10^10太阳质量的恒星质量范围内,我们发现模拟中的SHM比率与Moster等人(2012)提出的统计Abstraction Matching Technique的当前预测非常一致。与过去的模拟相比,这种改进是由于许多系统因素,每个因素都降低了SHM比率:1)气体流出,降低了整体SF效率,但允许形成冷气体成分2)使用人工观测和类似于观测中使用的测光技术估计模拟星系的恒星质量3)考虑系统,由于忽略了宇宙时间内的重子损失,在仅使用DM的模拟中,总晕质量被高估了30%。我们的分析表明,基于光度星等的恒星质量估计可能会低估旧恒星星族对总恒星质量的贡献,导致单个星系的恒星质量误差高达50%。这些结果强调了使用适当的技术来比较模拟与观测的重要性,并减少了星系形成模型和真实星系中恒星形成效率之间的紧张关系。

英文摘要:

We examine the present-day total stellar-to-halo mass (SHM) ratio as a function of halo mass for a new sample of simulated field galaxies using fully cosmological, LCDM, high resolution SPH + N-Body simulations.These simulations include an explicit treatment of metal line cooling, dust and self-shielding, H2 based star formation and supernova driven gas outflows. The 18 simulated halos have masses ranging from a few times 10^8 to nearly 10^12 solar masses. At z=0 our simulated galaxies have a baryon content and morphology typical of field galaxies. Over a stellar mass range of 2.2 x 10^3 to 4.5 x 10^10 solar masses, we find extremely good agreement between the SHM ratio in simulations and the present-day predictions from the statistical Abundance Matching Technique presented in Moster et al. (2012). This improvement over past simulations is due to a number systematic factors, each decreasing the SHM ratios: 1) gas outflows that reduce the overall SF efficiency but allow for the formation of a cold gas component 2) estimating the stellar masses of simulated galaxies using artificial observations and photometric techniques similar to those used in observations and 3) accounting for a systematic, up to 30 percent overestimate in total halo masses in DM-only simulations, due to the neglect of baryon loss over cosmic times. Our analysis suggests that stellar mass estimates based on photometric magnitudes can underestimate the contribution of old stellar populations to the total stellar mass, leading to stellar mass errors of up to 50 percent for individual galaxies. These results highlight the importance of using proper techniques to compare simulations with observations and reduce the perceived tension between the star formation efficiency in galaxy formation models and in real galaxies.

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