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arXiv 1207.0801astro-ph.CO
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最强引力透镜:II。MACS的大爱因斯坦半径J0717 .5+3745与LCDM冲突吗?

The strongest gravitational lenses: II. Is the large Einstein radius of MACS J0717.5+3745 in conflict with LCDM?

Jean-Claude Waizmann, Matthias Redlich, Matthias Bartelmann

摘要:

标准的宇宙学模型是否可以根据单个观测到的极端星系团而受到质疑?通常,“极端”一词直接指的是星团质量,这不是一个直接可观测的,因此受到很大的不确定性。因此,希望将极端星系团的研究扩展到直接观测,如爱因斯坦半径(ER)。我们的目标是评估在标准LCDM宇宙学中MACS J0717.5的大观测ER的发生概率。特别是,我们想在一个给定的宇宙学体积的分布函数的单个最大的ER模型,并研究的基本假设和效果有最强的影响的结果。我们得到这个分布的Monte Carlo方法,基于过去的光锥上的晕人口的半解析建模。在对分布进行采样后,我们将结果与我们用于后续分析的一般极值(GEV)分布进行拟合。我们发现,最大ER的分布是特别敏感的晕质量函数的精确选择,透镜三轴度,内斜率的晕密度分布和质量浓度关系。利用得到的分布,我们研究了MACS J0717.5的大ER的发生概率,发现该系统与LCDM没有张力。我们还发现,GEV分布可以用来拟合非常准确的抽样分布,所有这些都可以描述的弗雷歇分布。由于大量的效应强烈地影响着单个最大ER的分布,标准的LCDM宇宙学是否能在单个观测的基础上被排除是值得怀疑的。尽管基本假设存在很大的不确定性,但如果想要这样做,则必须观测到比MACS J0717.5大得多的ER(> 100 arcsec)。

英文摘要:

Can the standard cosmological model be questioned on the basis of a single observed extreme galaxy cluster? Usually, the word extreme refers directly to cluster mass, which is not a direct observable and thus subject to substantial uncertainty. Hence, it is desirable to extend studies of extreme clusters to direct observables, such as the Einstein radius (ER). We aim to evaluate the occurrence probability of the large observed ER of MACS J0717.5 within the standard LCDM cosmology. In particular, we want to model the distribution function of the single largest ER in a given cosmological volume and to study which underlying assumptions and effects have the strongest impact on the results. We obtain this distribution by a Monte Carlo approach, based on the semi-analytic modelling of the halo population on the past lightcone. After sampling the distribution, we fit the results with the general extreme value (GEV) distribution which we use for the subsequent analysis. We find that the distribution of the maximum ER is particularly sensitive to the precise choice of the halo mass function, lens triaxiality, the inner slope of the halo density profile and the mass-concentration relation. Using the distributions so obtained,we study the occurrence probability of the large ER of MACS J0717.5, finding that this system is not in tension with LCDM. We also find that the GEV distribution can be used to fit very accurately the sampled distributions and that all of them can be described by a Frechet distribution. With a multitude of effects that strongly influence the distribution of the single largest ER, it is more than doubtful that the standard LCDM cosmology can be ruled out on the basis of a single observation. If, despite the large uncertainties in the underlying assumptions, one wanted to do so, a much larger ER (> 100 arcsec) than that of MACS J0717.5 would have to be observed.

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