CLASH: New Multiple-Images Constraining the Inner Mass Profile of MACS J1206.2-0847
A. Zitrin, P. Rosati, M. Nonino, C. Grillo, M. Postman, D. Coe, S. Seitz, T. Eichner, T. Broadhurst, S. Jouvel, I. Balestra, A. Mercurio, M. Scodeggio, N. Benít… 展开作者
A. Zitrin, P. Rosati, M. Nonino, C. Grillo, M. Postman, D. Coe, S. Seitz, T. Eichner, T. Broadhurst, S. Jouvel, I. Balestra, A. Mercurio, M. Scodeggio, N. Benítez, L. Bradley, H. Ford, O. Host, Y. Jimenez-Teja, A. Koekemoer, W. Zheng, M. Bartelmann, R. Bouwens, O. Czoske, M. Donahue, O. Graur, G. Graves, L. Infante, S. Jha, D. Kelson, O. Lahav, R. Lazkoz, D. Lemze, M. Lombardi, D. Maoz, C. McCully, E. Medezinski, P. Melchior, M. Meneghetti, J. Merten, A. Molino, L. A. Moustakas, S. Ogaz, B. Patel, E. Regoes, A. Riess, S. Rodney, K. Umetsu, A. Van der Wel
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7 pages, 1 table, 4 figures; submitted to ApJ Letters; V3: minor corrections
We present a strong-lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 ($z$=0.44) using UV, Optical, and IR, HST/ACS/WFC3 data taken as part of the CLASH multi-cycle treasury program, with VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy for some of the multiply-lensed arcs. The CLASH observations, combined with our mass-model, allow us to identify 47 new multiply-lensed images of 12 distant sources. These images, along with the previously known arc, span the redshift range $1\la z\la5.5$, and thus enable us to derive a detailed mass distribution and to accurately constrain, for the first time, the inner mass-profile of this cluster. We find an inner profile slope of $d\log Σ/d\log θ\simeq -0.55\pm 0.1$ (in the range [1\arcsec, 53\arcsec], or $5\la r \la300$ kpc), as commonly found for relaxed and well-concentrated clusters. Using the many systems uncovered here we derive credible critical curves and Einstein radii for different source redshifts. For a source at $z_{s}\simeq2.5$, the critical curve encloses a large area with an effective Einstein radius of $θ_{E}=28\pm3\arcsec$, and a projected mass of $1.34\pm0.15\times10^{14} M_{\odot}$. From the current understanding of structure formation in concordance cosmology, these values are relatively high for clusters at $z\sim0.5$, so that detailed studies of the inner mass distribution of clusters such as MACS J1206.2-0847 can provide stringent tests of the $Λ$CDM paradigm.
CLASH: Discovery of a Bright z~6.2 Dwarf Galaxy Quadruply Lensed by MACS J0329.6-0211
We report the discovery of a z_{phot} =6.18^{+0.05}_{-0.07} (95% confidence level) dwarf galaxy, lensed into four images by the galaxy cluster MACS J0329.6-0211 ( z_{l} =0.45). The galaxy is observed as a high-redshift dropout in HST/ACS/WFC3 CLASH and Spitzer/IRAC imaging. Its redshift is securely determined due to a clear detection of the Lyman-break in the 18-band photometry, making this galaxy one of the highest-redshift multiply-lensed objects known to date with an observed magnitude of F125W=24.00 \pm 0.04 AB mag for its highest-magnified image. We also present the first strong-lensing a…
Characterizing faint galaxies in the reionization epoch: LBT confirms two L<0.2L* sources at z=6.4 behind the CLASH/Frontier Fields cluster MACS0717.5+3745
We present a detailed mass reconstruction and a novel study on the substructure properties in the core of the CLASH and Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403. We show and employ our extensive spectroscopic data set taken with the VIMOS instrument as part of our CLASH-VLT program, to confirm spectroscopically 10 strong lensing systems and to select a sample of 175 plausible cluster members to a limiting stellar mass of log(M_*/M_Sun) ~ 8.6. We reproduce the measured positions of 30 multiple images with a remarkable median offset of only 0.3" by means of a comprehensive strong lensing…
In the effort to understand the link between the structure of galaxy clusters and their galaxy populations, we focus on MACSJ1206.2-0847 at z~0.44 and probe its substructure in the projected phase space through the spectrophotometric properties of a large number of galaxies from the CLASH-VLT survey. Our analysis is mainly based on an extensive spectroscopic dataset of 445 member galaxies, mostly acquired with VIMOS@VLT as part of our ESO Large Programme, sampling the cluster out to a radius ~2R200 (4 Mpc). We classify 412 galaxies as passive, with strong Hdelta absorption (red and blue galaxi…
We perform a maximum likelihood kinematic analysis of the two dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters MACS J1206.2-0847 at $z=0.44$ and RXC J2248.7-4431 at $z=0.35$ to determine the total mass profile in modified gravity models, using a modified version of the MAMPOSSt code of Mamon, Biviano and Boué. Our work is based on the kinematic and lensing mass profiles derived using the data from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (hereafter CLASH) and the spectroscopic follow-up with the Very Large Telescope (hereafter CLASH-VLT). We assume a spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW hereafter…
Context. The study of the galaxy stellar mass function (SMF) in relation to the galaxy environment and the stellar mass density profile, rho(r), is a powerful tool to constrain models of galaxy evolution. Aims. We determine the SMF of the z=0.44 cluster of galaxies MACS J1206.2-0847 separately for passive and star-forming (SF) galaxies, in different regions of the cluster, from the center out to approximately 2 virial radii. We also determine rho(r) to compare it to the number density and total mass density profiles. Methods. We use the dataset from the CLASH-VLT survey. Stellar masses are obt…
We present VIMOS-VLT spectroscopy of the Frontier Fields cluster MACS~J0416.1-2403 (z=0.397). Taken as part of the CLASH-VLT survey, the large spectroscopic campaign provided more than 4000 reliable redshifts, including ~800 cluster member galaxies. The unprecedented sample of cluster members at this redshift allows us to perform a highly detailed dynamical and structural analysis of the cluster out to ~2.2$r_{200}$ (~4Mpc). Our analysis of substructures reveals a complex system composed of a main massive cluster ($M_{200}$~0.9$\times 10^{15} M_{\odot}$) presenting two major features: i) a bim…
The detailed characterization of scaling laws relating the observables of cluster of galaxies to their mass is crucial for obtaining accurate cosmological constraints with clusters. In this paper, we present a comparison between the hydrostatic and lensing mass profiles of the cluster \psz\ at $z=0.59$. The hydrostatic mass profile is obtained from the combination of high resolution NIKA2 thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) and \xmm\ X-ray observations of the cluster. Instead, the lensing mass profile is obtained from an analysis of the CLASH lensing data based on the lensing convergence map. We …
A multiply-lensed galaxy, MACS0647-JD, with a probable photometric redshift of $z\simeq 10.7^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ is claimed to constitute one of the very earliest known galaxies, formed well before reionization was completed. However, spectral evidence that MACS0647-JD lies at high redshift has proven infeasible and so here we seek an independent lensing based "geometric redshift" derived from the angles between the three lensed images of MACS0647-JD, using our free-form mass model (WSLAP+) for the lensing cluster MACSJ0647.7+7015 (at $z=0.591$). Our lens model uses the 9 sets of multiple images, i…
We use high-precision kinematic and lensing measurements of the total mass profile of the dynamically relaxed galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 at $z=0.44$ to estimate the value of the ratio $η=Ψ/Φ$ between the two scalar potentials in the linear perturbed Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric.[...] Complementary kinematic and lensing mass profiles were derived from exhaustive analyses using the data from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) and the spectroscopic follow-up with the Very Large Telescope (CLASH-VLT). Whereas the kinematic mass profile tracks only the …
We utilise a two-color Lyman-Break selection criterion to search for z~9-10 galaxies over the first 19 clusters in the CLASH program. A systematic search yields three z~9-10 candidates. While we have already reported the most robust of these candidates, MACS1149-JD, two additional z~9 candidates are also found and have H_{160}-band magnitudes of ~26.2-26.9. A careful assessment of various sources of contamination suggests <~1 contaminants for our z~9-10 selection. To determine the implications of these search results for the LF and SFR density at z~9, we introduce a new differential approach t…
The next generation of data-intensive surveys are bound to produce a vast amount of data, which can be dealt with using machine-learning methods to explore possible correlations within the multi-dimensional parameter space. We explore the classification capabilities of convolution neural networks (CNNs) to identify galaxy cluster members (CLMs) by using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of 15 galaxy clusters at redshift 0.19<z<0.60, observed as part of the CLASH and Hubble Frontier Field programmes. We used extensive spectroscopic information, based on the CLASH-VLT VIMOS programme combined …
A galaxy cluster acts as a cosmic telescope over background galaxies but also as a cosmic microscope of the lens imperfections. The diverging magnification of lensing caustics enhances the microlensing effect of substructure present within the lensing mass. Fine-scale structure can be accessed as a moving background source brightens and disappears when crossing these caustics. The recent recognition of a distant lensed star near the Einstein radius of the galaxy cluster MACSJ1149.5+2223 (Kelly et al. 2017) allows the rare opportunity to reach subsolar mass microlensing through a super-critical…
Recent radio-frequency probes, with the ATCA and ASKAP telescopes, have proven themselves to be at the forefront of placing indirect limits on the properties of dark matter. The latter being able to substantially exceed the constraining power of Fermi-LAT data. However, these observations were based only on dwarf galaxies, where magnetic field uncertainties are large. Here we re-examine the case for galaxy clusters, often ignored due to substantial diffuse radio backgrounds, by considering the extrapolation of known cluster surface brightness profiles down to scales observable with MeerKAT. De…
Searching for signatures of self-interacting dark matter in halos from full physics simulations: From 3D structure to projected observables
Università di Milano Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）；Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)（圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心）
