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arXiv 1111.2048astro-ph.CO
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银河系的明亮卫星是LCDM的明显失败

The Milky Way's bright satellites as an apparent failure of LCDM

Michael Boylan-Kolchin, James S. Bullock, Manoj Kaplinghat

摘要:

我们使用的宝瓶座模拟表明,最大质量的星系质量的暗物质晕在LCDM的subhalos是严重不一致的最明亮的银河系矮球状星系的动力学。虽然矮椭球体的最佳宿主都有12 <Vmax <25 km/s,但LCDM模拟预测至少有10个Vmax> 25 km/s的subhalo。这些次晕也是早期最大的次晕之一,并且大大超过了z~10的紫外线抑制质量。没有基于LCDM的银河系卫星群模型可以解释这一结果。问题在于卫星的密度:要匹配观测到的银河系光度函数是很简单的,但这样做需要矮椭球体具有比观测到的质量大5倍的暗物质晕。独立的困难,在解释这些密集的,大规模的subhalos的情况下,有一个基本的紧张关系之间的派生属性的明亮的银河系矮椭球体和LCDM的期望。推断出的这些星系的下落质量都是近似相等的,并且远低于LCDM对它们光度系统的标准预测。因此,它们隐含的恒星形成效率跨越了两个数量级,从0.2%到20%的重子转化为恒星,与从更大质量的星系中收集到的预期形成鲜明对比。我们探讨可能的解决方案,这些问题的范围内LCDM,并发现他们是没有说服力的。特别是,我们使用受控模拟来证明,小恒星质量的亮矮星球状体超新星反馈不太可能解释其低推断密度。

英文摘要:

We use the Aquarius simulations to show that the most massive subhalos in galaxy-mass dark matter halos in LCDM are grossly inconsistent with the dynamics of the brightest Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. While the best-fitting hosts of the dwarf spheroidals all have 12 < Vmax < 25 km/s, LCDM simulations predict at least ten subhalos with Vmax > 25 km/s. These subhalos are also among the most massive at earlier times, and significantly exceed the UV suppression mass back to z ~ 10. No LCDM-based model of the satellite population of the Milky Way explains this result. The problem lies in the satellites' densities: it is straightforward to match the observed Milky Way luminosity function, but doing so requires the dwarf spheroidals to have dark matter halos that are a factor of ~5 more massive than is observed. Independent of the difficulty in explaining the absence of these dense, massive subhalos, there is a basic tension between the derived properties of the bright Milky Way dwarf spheroidals and LCDM expectations. The inferred infall masses of these galaxies are all approximately equal and are much lower than standard LCDM predictions for systems with their luminosities. Consequently, their implied star formation efficiencies span over two orders of magnitude, from 0.2% to 20% of baryons converted into stars, in stark contrast with expectations gleaned from more massive galaxies. We explore possible solutions to these problems within the context of LCDM and find them to be unconvincing. In particular, we use controlled simulations to demonstrate that the small stellar masses of the bright dwarf spheroidals make supernova feedback an unlikely explanation for their low inferred densities.

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