arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0909.4305astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系是如何形成暗物质晕的?

How do galaxies populate Dark Matter halos?

Qi Guo, Simon White, Cheng Li, Michael Boylan-Kolchin

摘要:

对于任何假设的恒星初始质量函数,斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)给出了10^8 M_sun < M_* < 10^12 M_sun的星系的恒星质量函数的精确测定。在和谐LCDM宇宙学中,千禧年模拟给出了一个精确的晕质量函数,所有星系可以形成的晕。在一个合理的假设下,星系的恒星质量是其晕所达到的最大质量的递增函数,这些结合起来给出了晕质量作为恒星质量的函数。结果与观测估计的平均晕质量作为恒星质量的函数,从叠加分析的引力透镜信号和卫星动力学的SDSS星系。对于银河系通常假设的恒星质量M_* ~ 5.5 x 10^10 M_sun,隐含的晕质量为~ 2 x 10^12 M_sun,这与最近的直接估计和MW/M31计时论证的推论一致。与每个晕相关联的重子在其中心星系中以恒星形式存在的比例在质量略低于银河系的情况下达到最大值20%,并在更高和更低质量时迅速下降。这些转换效率低于几乎所有最近的星系形成的高分辨率模拟,表明这些还不是星系群典型成员形成的可行模型。当插入到千禧年-II模拟,我们推导出的恒星质量和晕质量之间的关系预测恒星质量的自相关函数与直接在SDSS测量的非常一致。Tully-Fisher关系也与观测结果一致,表明星系光度函数和Tully-Fisher关系可以在LCDM宇宙学中同时重现。

英文摘要:

For any assumed stellar Initial Mass Function, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gives a precise determination of the stellar mass function of galaxies for 10^8 M_sun < M_* < 10^12 M_sun. Within the concordance LCDM cosmology, the Millennium simulations give a precise halo mass function for all halos within which galaxies can form. Under the plausible hypothesis that the stellar mass of a galaxy is an increasing function of the maximum mass ever attained by its halo, these combine to give halo mass as a function of stellar mass. The result agrees quite well with observational estimates of mean halo mass as a function of stellar mass from stacking analyses of the gravitational lensing signal and the satellite dynamics of SDSS galaxies. For M_* ~ 5.5 x 10^10 M_sun, the stellar mass usually assumed for the Milky Way, the implied halo mass is ~ 2 x 10^12 M_sun, consistent with most recent direct estimates and inferences from the MW/M31 Timing Argument. The fraction of the baryons associated with each halo which are present as stars in its central galaxy reaches a maximum of 20% at masses somewhat below that of the Milky Way, and falls rapidly at both higher and lower masses. These conversion efficiencies are lower than in almost all recent high-resolution simulations of galaxy formation, showing that these are not yet viable models for the formation of typical members of the galaxy population. When inserted in the Millennium-II Simulation, our derived relation between stellar mass and halo mass predicts a stellar mass autocorrelation function in excellent agreement with that measured directly in the SDSS. The implied Tully-Fisher relation also appears consistent with observation, suggesting that galaxy luminosity functions and Tully-Fisher relations can be reproduced simultaneously in a LCDM cosmology.

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