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arXiv 1104.2822quant-phgr-qc
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量子力学的实系综解释

A real ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics

Lee Smolin

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14 pages, no figures
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摘要：

提出了一种新的量子力学系综解释，认为与一个量子态相关联的系综是真实存在的：它是宇宙中处于同一量子态的所有系统的系综。系综中的单个系统具有微观状态，用beables来描述。量子理论的概率在这些集合中只是普通的相对频率概率。给出了单个系统的beables的演化规律，使得它们的系综相对频率以再现量子力学预测的方式演化。这些定律是高度非定域的，涉及到定义量子态的系综成员之间的一种新的相互作用。这些包括一个随机过程，通过该过程，单个系统复制其他系统的beable，它们是其中的一个成员。这些复制过程的概率并不取决于系统在空间中的位置，而是取决于系综中beable的分布。因此，宏观系统的特点是足够大和复杂，以至于在宇宙中没有副本。这样，它们就不能按照复制定律演化，因此也就不能按照量子动力学随机演化。这意味着，对于处于量子态的系统来说，它与量子力学有了新的背离，而这种量子态在宇宙中的复制品很少。与此同时，我们能够论证大型宏观系统的质心确实满足牛顿定律。

英文摘要：

A new ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed according to which the ensemble associated to a quantum state really exists: it is the ensemble of all the systems in the same quantum state in the universe. Individual systems within the ensemble have microscopic states, described by beables. The probabilities of quantum theory turn out to be just ordinary relative frequencies probabilities in these ensembles. Laws for the evolution of the beables of individual systems are given such that their ensemble relative frequencies evolve in a way that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics. These laws are highly non-local and involve a new kind of interaction between the members of an ensemble that define a quantum state. These include a stochastic process by which individual systems copy the beables of other systems in the ensembles of which they are a member. The probabilities for these copy processes do not depend on where the systems are in space, but do depend on the distribution of beables in the ensemble. Macroscopic systems then are distinguished by being large and complex enough that they have no copies in the universe. They then cannot evolve by the copy law, and hence do not evolve stochastically according to quantum dynamics. This implies novel departures from quantum mechanics for systems in quantum states that can be expected to have few copies in the universe. At the same time, we are able to argue that the centre of masses of large macroscopic systems do satisfy Newton's laws.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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