Alexey Ostrovsky
We give an affirmative answer to the following question: Is any Borel subset of a Cantor set $\textbf{ C}$ a sum of a countable number of pairwise disjoint $h$-homogeneous subspaces that are closed in $X$? It follows that every Borel set $X \subset \textbf{ R}^n$ can be partitioned into countably many $h$-homogeneous subspaces that are $G_δ$-sets in $X$.
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Let $μ$ be a Borel measure on a compactum $X$. The main objects in this paper are $σ$-ideals $I(dim)$, $J_0(μ)$, $J_f(μ)$ of Borel sets in $X$ that can be covered by countably many compacta which are finite-dimensional, or of $μ$-measure null, or of finite $μ$-measure, respectively. Answering a question of J. Zapletal, we shall show that for the Hilbert cube, the $σ$-ideal $I(dim)$ is not homogeneous in a strong way. We shall also show that in some natural instances of measures $μ$ with non-homogeneous $σ$-ideals $J_0(μ)$ or $J_f(μ)$, the completions of the quotient Boolean algebras $Borel(X)/…
Borel-Tukey morphisms between Ramsey homogeneity relations
本文研究Ramsey齐性关系间的Borel-Tukey态射，给出完整一阶段分类，并证明二元三元齐性需恰好三个顺序二元对阶段，同时构造若干Borel态射。
We prove that it is relatively consistent with $\mathrm{ZFC}$ that every strong measure zero subset of the real line is meager-additive while there are uncountable strong measure zero sets (i.e., Borel's conjecture fails). This answers a long-standing question due to Bartoszyński and Judah.
We give, for each non self-dual Wadge class C contained in the class of the Gdelta sets, a characterization of Borel sets which are not potentially in C, among Borel sets with countable vertical sections; to do this, we use results of partial uniformization.
On Borel sets in ideal topologies
本文研究了理想拓扑中Borel集的性质，证明了Borel层次不崩溃，且在特定条件下Borel集与分析集一致，并验证了近似引理在理想拓扑下的成立。
$κ$-Borel sets, $κ$-Baire spaces, and filtrations between topologies
该研究聚焦拓扑间插值的滤过结构，证明了滤过稳定于更强拓扑的一般性结果，揭示了$κ$-Borel集与$κ$-Baire性在拓扑滤过研究中的关联作用。
Let xi be a non-null countable ordinal. We study the Borel subsets of the plane that can be made $\bormxi$ by refining the Polish topology on the real line. These sets are called potentially $\bormxi$. We give a Hurewicz-like test to recognize potentially $\bormxi$ sets.
We present the effective version of the theorem about turning Borel sets in Polish spaces into clopen sets while preserving the Borel structure of the underlying space. We show that under some conditions the emerging parameters can be chosen in a hyperarithmetical way and using this we prove a uniformity result.
We start by giving a survey to the theory of Borel*(κ) sets in the generalized Baire space Baire(κ) = κ^κ. In particular we look at the relation of this complexity class to other complexity classes which we denote by Borel(κ), Δ^1_1(κ) and Σ^1_1(κ) and the connections between Borel*(κ)-sets and the infinitely deep language M_{κ^+κ}. In the end of the paper we prove the consistency of Borel*(κ) \ne Σ^1_1(κ).
We construct a Borel graph G such that ZF+DC+"There are no maximal independent sets in G" is equiconsistent with ZFC+"There exists an inaccessible cardinal".
The Borel monadic theory of order is decidable
研究证明在限制量词到Borel集的情况下，序理论的可判定性，并探讨其在更大集合类中的扩展
The main goal of this paper is to generalize several results concerning cardinal invariants to the statements about the associated families of sets. We also discuss the relationship between the additive properties of sets and their Borel images. Finally, we present estimates for the size of the smallest set which is not strongly meager.
The family omega1-Borel sets is the smallest family of subsets of the real line which contains the family of open sets and is closed under complementation and omega1 unions. We show: Theorem 1. MA+notCH implies this hierarchy has length omega2. Theorem 2. In the Cohen real model it has length either omega1+1 or omega1+2.
We give, for some Borel sets of a product of two Polish spaces, including the Borel sets with countable sections, a Hurewicz-like characterization of those which cannot become a transfinite difference of open sets by changing the two Polish topologies.
These are lecture notes from a course I gave at the University of Wisconsin during the Spring semester of 1993. Part 1 is concerned with Borel hierarchies. Section 13 contains an unpublished theorem of Fremlin concerning Borel hierarchies and MA. Section 14 and 15 contain new results concerning the lengths of Borel hierarchies in the Cohen and random real model. Part 2 contains standard results on the theory of Analytic sets. Section 25 contains Harrington's Theorem that it is consistent to have $Π^1_2$ sets of arbitrary cardinality. Part 3 has the usual separation theorems. Part 4 gives some …
We show that if $\mathcal{F}$ is any "well-behaved" subset of the Borel functions and we assume the Axiom of Determinacy then the hierarchy of degrees on $\pow(\mathbb{R})$ induced by $\mathcal{F}$ turns out to look like the Wadge hierarchy (which is the special case where $\mathcal{F}$ is the set of continuous functions).
We systematically develop analogs of basic concepts from classical descriptive set theory in the context of pointless topology. Our starting point is to take the elements of the free complete Boolean algebra generated by the frame $\mathcal{O}(X)$ of opens to be the "$\infty$-Borel sets" in a locale $X$. We show that several known results in locale theory may be interpreted in this framework as direct analogs of classical descriptive set-theoretic facts, including e.g., the Lusin separation, Lusin-Suslin, and Baire category theorems for locales; we also prove several extensions of these result…
Assuming that $0^\dagger$ does not exist, we prove that if there is a partition of $\mathbb R$ into $\aleph_ω$ Borel sets, then there is also a partition of $\mathbb R$ into $\aleph_{ω+1}$ Borel sets.
Partitioning the real line into Borel sets
本文研究实数线可被划分为多少个 Borel 集或闭集，证明除 Hausdorff 的 $\aleph_1$ 结果外，可能基数的谱在力迫扩张中可相当任意。
Given an analytic equivalence relation, we tend to wonder whether it is Borel. When it is non Borel, there is always the hope it will be Borel on a "large" set -- nonmeager or of positive measure. That has led Kanovei, Sabok and Zapletal to ask whether every proper $σ$ ideal satisfies the following property: given $E$ an analytic equivalence relation with Borel classes, there exists a set $B$ which is Borel and $I$-positive such that $E\restriction_{B}$ is Borel. We propose a related problem -- does every proper $σ$ ideal satisfy: given $A$ an analytic subset of the plane with Borel sections, …
We show that some set-theoretic assumptions (for example Martin's Axiom) imply that there is no translation invariant Borel hull operation on the family of Lebesgue null sets and on the family of meager sets in (in R^n). We also prove that if the meager ideal admits a monotone Borel hull operation, then there is also a monotone Borel hull operation on the sigma-algebra of sets with the property of Baire.
We study injective versions of the characterization of sets potentially in a Wadge class of Borel sets, for the first Borel and Lavrentieff classes. We also study the case of oriented graphs in terms of continuous homomorphisms, injective or not.
For a countable ordinal epsilon we construct a Sigma^0_2 subset of the Cantor space for which one may force aleph_epsilon translations with intersections of size 2i, but such that it has no perfect set of such translations in any ccc extension. These sets have uncountably many translations with intersections of size 2i in ZFC, so this answers Problem 3.4 of arxiv:1711.04058 .
We show that, consistently, there exists a Borel set B subset Cantor admitting a sequence (eta_alpha:alpha<lambda) of distinct elements of Cantor such that (eta_alpha+B) cap (eta_beta+B) is uncountable for all alpha,beta<lambda but with no perfect set P such that |(eta+B) cap (nu+B)|>5 for any distinct eta,nu from P. This answers two questions from our previous works.
We give, for each countable ordinal $ξ\geq 1$, an example of a ${\bfΔ}^0_2$ countable union of Borel rectangles that cannot be decomposed into countably many ${\bfΠ}^0_ξ$ rectangles. In fact, we provide a graph of a partial injection with disjoint domain and range, which is a difference of two closed sets, and which has no ${\bfΔ}^0_ξ$-measurable countable coloring.
For a cardinal lambda<lambda_{omega_1} we give a ccc forcing notion P which forces that for some Borel subset B of the Cantor space (1) there a sequence (eta_alpha:alpha<lambda) of distinct elements such that |(eta_alpha+B) cap (eta_beta+B)|>5 for all alpha,beta<lambda, but (2) there is no perfect set of such eta's. The construction closely follows the one from Shelah math.LO/9802134
Larman showed that any closed subset of the plane with uncountable vertical cross-sections has aleph_1 disjoint Borel uniformizing sets. Here we show that Larman's result is best possible: there exist closed sets with uncountable cross-sections which do not have more than aleph_1 disjoint Borel uniformizations, even if the continuum is much larger than aleph_1. This negatively answers some questions of Mauldin. The proof is based on a result of Stern, stating that certain Borel sets cannot be written as a small union of low-level Borel sets. The proof of the latter result uses Steel's method o…
We give characterizations of the Borel sets potentially in some Wadge class, among the Borel sets with countable vertical sections of a product of two Polish spaces. To do this, we use some partial uniformization results.
We consider decompositions of the real line into pairwise disjoint Borel pieces so that each piece is closed under addition. How many pieces can there be? We prove among others that the number of pieces is either at most 3 or uncountable, and we show that it is undecidable in $ZFC$ and even in the theory $ZFC + \mathfrak{c} = ω_2$ if the number of pieces can be uncountable but less than the continuum. We also investigate various versions: what happens if we drop the Borelness requirement, if we replace addition by multiplication, if the pieces are subgroups, if we partition $(0,\infty)$, and s…
We expand the results of Roslanowski and Shelah arXive:1806.06283 , arXive:1909.00937 to all perfect Abelian Polish groups $(H,+)$. In particular, we show that if $α<ω_1$ and $4\leq k<ω$, then there is a ccc forcing notion adding a $Σ^0_2$ set $B\subseteq H$ which has $\aleph_α$ many pairwise $k$--overlapping translations but not a perfect set of such translations.
Generalized Borel Sets
本文在类波兰空间框架下研究广义波莱尔分层，给出κ⁺-波莱尔分层性质与非坍塌条件，揭示奇异基数下κ-波莱尔分层的独特性，并解决正则基数下相关问题。
We show that the continuum hypothesis implies there exists a Lindelof space X such that X x X is the union of two metrizable subspaces but X is not metrizable. This gives a consistent solution to a problem of Balogh, Gruenhage, and Tkachuk. The main lemma is that assuming the continuum hypothesis there exist disjoint sets of reals X and Y such that X is Borel concentrated on Y, (i.e., for any Borel set B if Y is contained in B then X-B is countable,) but (X x X - diagonal) is relatively Fsigma in (X x X) U (Y x Y).
We prove in this paper that there exists some infinitary rational relations which are Sigma^0_3-complete Borel sets and some others which are Pi^0_3-complete. This implies that there exists some infinitary rational relations which are Delta^0_4-sets but not (Sigma^0_3U Pi^0_3)-sets. These results give additional answers to questions of Simonnet and of Lescow and Thomas.
This paper is a continuation of the study of topological properties of omega context free languages (omega-CFL). We proved before that the class of omega-CFL exhausts the hierarchy of Borel sets of finite rank, and that there exist some omega-CFL which are analytic but non Borel sets. We prove here that there exist some omega context free languages which are Borel sets of infinite (but not finite) rank, giving additional answer to questions of Lescow and Thomas [Logical Specifications of Infinite Computations, In:"A Decade of Concurrency", Springer LNCS 803 (1994), 583-621].
A subset $X$ of a Polish group $G$ is \emph{Haar null} if there exists a Borel probability measure $μ$ and a Borel set $B$ containing $X$ such that $μ(gBh)=0$ for every $g,h \in G$. A set $X$ is \emph{Haar meager} if there exists a compact metric space $K$, a continuous function $f : K \to G$ and a Borel set $B$ containing $X$ such that $f^{-1}(gBh)$ is meager in $K$ for every $g,h \in G$. We calculate (in $ZFC$) the four cardinal invariants ($\rm add$, $\rm cov$, $\rm non$, $\rm cof$) of these two $σ$-ideals for the simplest non-locally compact Polish group, namely in the case $G = \mathbb{Z}…
Borel complexity of sets of points with prescribed Birkhoff averages in Polish dynamical systems with a specification property
本文研究 Polish 空间动力系统中限制轨道统计行为的点集的描述复杂性，证明在紧致条件下这些集合均为 Borel 集，并利用 Borel 层级与修改的规范性质确定其位于第三层，同时给出非 Borel 例子。
We consider the reverse math strength of the statement $\mathsf{C\text-DM}$:"Every completely determined Borel set is measurable." Over $\mathsf{WWKL}_0$, we obtain the following results analogous to the previously studied category case. $\mathsf{C\text-DM}$ lies strictly between $\mathsf{ATR}_0$ and $\mathsf{L}_{ω_1,ω}\text-\mathsf{CA}$. Whenever $M\subseteq 2^ω$ is the second-order part of an $ω$-model of $\mathsf{C\text-DM}$, then for every $Z \in M$, there is a $R \in M$ such that $R$ is $Δ^1_1$-random relative to $Z$. On the other hand, without $\mathsf{WWKL}_0$, all sets have measure zer…
Let $\bfΓ$ be a Borel class, or a Wadge class of Borel sets, and $2\leq d\leqω$ a cardinal. We study the Borel subsets of ${\mathbb R}^d$ that can be made $\bfΓ$ by refining the Polish topology on the real line. These sets are called potentially $\bfΓ$. We give a test to recognize potentially $\bfΓ$ sets.
MSO logic of the real order with the set quantifiers ranging over the Borel sets
本文证明了在实数序的MSO逻辑中，允许集量化符范围于Borel集时，该理论是可判定的，并探讨了其在S2S中的可解释性。
We show under $\sf{ZF} + \sf{DC} + \sf{AD}_{\mathbb{R}}$ that every set of reals is $I$-regular for any $σ$-ideal $I$ on the Baire space $ω^ω$ such that $\mathbb{P}_I$ is proper. This answers the question of Khomskii. We also show that the same conclusion holds under $\sf{ZF} + \sf{DC} + \sf{AD}^+$ if we additionally assume that the set of Borel codes for $I$-positive sets is $\mathbfΔ^2_1$. If we do not assume $\sf{DC}$, the notion of properness becomes obscure as pointed out by Asperó and Karagila. Using the notion of strong properness similar to the one introduced by Bagaria and Bosch, we s…
The literature provides dichotomies involving homomorphisms (like the G 0 dichotomy) or reductions (like the characterization of sets potentially in a Wadge class of Borel sets, which holds on a subset of a product). However, part of the motivation behind the latter result was to get reductions on the whole product, like in the classical notion of Borel reducibility considered in the study of analytic equivalence relations. This is not possible in general. We show that, under some acyclicity (and also topological) assumptions, this is widely possible. In particular, we prove that, for any non-…
In recent years much attention has been enjoyed by topological spaces which are dominated by second countable spaces. The origin of the concept dates back to the 1979 paper of Talagrand in which it was shown that for a compact space X, Cp(X) is dominated by P, the set of irrationals, if and only if Cp(X) is K-analytic. Cascales extended this result to spaces X which are angelic and finally in 2005 Tkachuk proved that the Talagrand result is true for all Tychnoff spaces X. In recent years, the notion of P-domination has enjoyed attention independent of Cp(X). In particular, Cascales, Orihuela a…
Generalized Descriptive Set Theory at Singular Cardinals of Countable Cofinality
本文在可数余数的奇异基数上发展了描述集合论，研究了λ-波兰空间、λ-博雷尔空间及相关集合的性质，并推广了经典完美集性质。
Polymorphism-homogeneity and universal algebraic geometry
本文利用方程解集为有限代数赋予关系结构，证明多态同质性等价于代数集为中心化子克隆下封闭的元组集，且等价于代数在其有限次幂范畴中内射，并刻画了满足条件的有限半格、格、阿贝尔群和单酉代数。
Ordered henselian valued fields: definability and Borel sets
研究有序赫恩塞利赋值域的可定义性与博雷尔集性质，通过量化消除和维度缩减定理，揭示其与NIP域分类猜想的联系。
We study the Borel subsets of the plane that can be made closed by refining the Polish topology on the real line. These sets are called potentially closed. We first compare Borel subsets of the plane using products of continuous functions. We show the existence of a perfect antichain made of minimal sets among non-potentially closed sets. We apply this result to graphs, quasi-orders and partial orders. We also give a non-potentially closed set minimum for another notion of comparison. Finally, we show that we cannot have injectivity in the Kechris-Solecki-Todorcevic dichotomy about analytic gr…
Contents: 2. Invited contribution: Ultrafilters and small sets 3. Research announcements 3.1. Inverse Systems and I-Favorable Spaces 3.2. Combinatorial and hybrid principles for sigma-directed families of countable sets modulo finite 3.3. A dichotomy characterizing analytic digraphs of uncountable Borel chromatic number in any dimension 3.4. A dichotomy characterizing analytic digraphs of uncountable Borel chromatic number in any dimension 3.5. Large continuum, oracles 3.6. Borel hierarchies in infinite products of Polish spaces 3.7. A game for the Borel functions 3.8. On some problems in gene…
We study the Borel complexity of sets of normal numbers in several numeration systems. Taking a dynamical point of view, we offer a unified treatment for continued fraction expansions and base $r$ expansions, and their various generalisations: generalised Lüroth series expansions and $β$-expansions. In fact, we consider subshifts over a countable alphabet generated by all possible expansions of numbers in $[0,1)$. Then normal numbers correspond to generic points of shift-invariant measures. It turns out that for these subshifts the set of generic points for a shift-invariant probability measur…
We consider the complexity of special $α$-limit sets, a kind of backward limit set for non-invertible dynamical systems. We show that these sets are always analytic, but not necessarily Borel, even in the case of a surjective map on the unit square. This answers a question posed by Kolyada, Misiurewicz, and Snoha.
We study classes of Borel subsets of the real line $\mathbb{R}$ such as levels of the Borel hierarchy and the class of sets that are reducible to the set $\mathbb{Q}$ of rationals, endowed with the Wadge quasi-order of reducibility with respect to continuous functions on $\mathbb{R}$. Notably, we explore several structural properties of Borel subsets of $\mathbb{R}$ that diverge from those of Polish spaces with dimension zero. Our first main result is on the existence of embeddings of several posets into the restriction of this quasi-order to any Borel class that is strictly above the classes …
With every $σ$-ideal $I$ on a Polish space we associate the $σ$-ideal $I^*$ generated by the closed sets in $I$. We study the forcing notions of Borel sets modulo the respective $σ$-ideals $I$ and $I^*$ and find connections between their forcing properties. To this end, we associate to a $σ$-ideal on a Polish space an ideal on a countable set and show how forcing properties of the forcing depend on combinatorial properties of the ideal. For $σ$-ideals generated by closed sets we also study the degrees of reals added in the forcing extensions. Among corollaries of our results, we get necessary …
In this paper we prove three theorems about the theory of Borel sets in models of ZF without any form of the axiom of choice. We prove that if B is a G-delta-sigma set, then either B is countable or B contains a perfect subset. Second, we prove that if the real line is the countable union of countable sets, then there exists an F-sigma-delta set which is uncountable but contains no perfect subset. Finally, we construct a model of ZF in which we have an infinite Dedekind finite set of reals which is F-sigma-delta.
CONTENTS OF THE ISSUE: Hurewicz-like tests for Borel subsets of the plane; Ordered Spaces, Metric Preimages, and Function Algebras; On the independence of a generalized statement of Egoroff's theorem from ZFC, after T. Weiss; Forty annotated questions about large topological groups; Strong compactness and a partition property; Countable Borel equivalence relations and quotient Borel spaces; Decisive creatures and large continuum; Models of real-valued measurability; Hausdorff ultrafilters; Block combinatorics; Maharam's problem; Universality of uniform Eberlein compacta; Linearly ordered compa…
Restrictions of Infinite Circuits
本文通过无限电路与Borel集的联系，提出限制引理，以纯组合方式证明Borel层级定理及类Ramsey性质，并讨论其局限。
Borel graphs generated by commuting functions
本文研究有限个交换Borel函数生成的Borel图，通过标记集等分解其自由部分，推导相关性质并改进边色数上界，还为相关定理提供新证明并得出完美匹配存在条件。
The following will be shown: Let $I$ be a $σ$-ideal on a Polish space $X$ with the property that the associated forcing of $I^+$ Borel subsets ordered by $\subseteq$ is a proper forcing. Let E be an analytic or coanalytic equivalence relation on this Polish space with all equivalence classes Borel. If sharps of certain sets exist, then there is an $I^+$ Borel subset $C$ of $X$ such that $E \upharpoonright C$ is a Borel equivalence relation.
Let $G$ be an abelian Polish group, e.g. a separable Banach space. A subset $X \subset G$ is called Haar null (in the sense of Christensen) if there exists a Borel set $B \supset X$ and a Borel probability measure $μ$ on $G$ such that $μ(B+g)=0$ for every $g \in G$. The term shy is also commonly used for Haar null, and co-Haar null sets are often called prevalent. Answering an old question of Mycielski we show that if $G$ is not locally compact then there exists a Borel Haar null set that is not contained in any $G_δ$ Haar null set. We also show that $G_δ$ can be replaced by any other class of…
We describe a simple machinery which translates results on algebraic sums of sets of reals into the corresponding results on their cartesian product. Some consequences are: 1. The product of a meager/null-additive set and a strong measure zero/strongly meager set in the Cantor space has strong measure zero/is strongly meager, respectively. 2. Using Scheepers' notation for selection principles: Sfin(Omega,Omega^gp)\cap S1(O,O)=S1(Omega,Omega^gp), and Borel's Conjecture for S1(Omega,Omega) (or just S1(Omega,Omega^gp)) implies Borel's Conjecture. These results extend results of Scheepers and Mill…
We consider reducibility of equivalence relations (ERs, for brevity), in a nonstandard domain, in terms of the Borel reducibility and the countably determined (CD, for brevity) reducibility. This reveals phenomena partially analogous to those discovered in descriptive set theory. The Borel reducibility structure of Borel sets and (partially) CD reducibility structure of CD sets in *N is described. We prove that all CD ERs with countable equivalence classes are CD-smooth, but not all are B-smooth, for instance, the ER of having finite difference on *N. Similarly to the Silver dichotomy theorem …
In this paper we prove that if there is a Borel-cover gamma-set of cardinality the continuum, then there is one which is not hereditary. A set of reals X is a Borel-cover gamma-set iff for every countable family of Borel sets which is an omega-cover contains a gamma-cover. This is also denoted S_1(Borel_omega, Borel_gamma). This result partially answers a question of Bartoszynski and Tsaban. Tsaban points out that it also gives an example of set which is both a gamma-set and sigma-set but is not hereditarily gamma, which answers a question of Bukovsky, Reclaw, and Repicky.
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