A densely-defined symmetric linear map from/to a real Hilbert space extends to a self-adjoint map. Extension is expressed via Riesz representation. For a case including Friedrichs extension of a strongly monotone map, self-adjoint extension is unique, and equals closure of the given map.
Let $A$ be a symmetric linear relation in the Hilbert space $\gH$ with equal deficiency indices $n_\pm (A)\leq\infty$. A self-adjoint linear relation $\wt A\supset A$ in some Hilbert space $\wt\gH\supset \gH$ is called an exit space extension of $A$; such an extension is called finite-codimensional if $\dim (\wt\gH\ominus\gH)< \infty$. We study the compressions $C (\wt A)=P_\gH\wt A\up\gH$ of exit space extensions $\wt A=\wt A^*$. For a certain class of extensions $\wt A$ we parameterize the compressions $C (\wt A)$ by means of abstract boundary conditions. This enables us to characterize vari…
We revise Krein's extension theory of positive symmetric operators. Our approach using factorization through an auxiliary Hilbert space has several advantages: it can be applied to non-densely defined transformations and it works in both real and complex spaces. As an application of the results and the construction we consider positive self-adjoint extensions of the modulus square operator $T^*T$ of a densely defined linear transformation $T$ and bounded self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator. Krein's results on the uniqueness of positive (respectively, norm preserving) self-adjoint e…
In this note, we mainly investigate the validity of the identities $(TT^*)^*=TT^*$ and $(T^*T)^*=T^*T$, where $T$ is a densely defined closable (or symmetric) operator.
Let $Ω$ be a domain in $\Ri^d$ with boundary $Γ$${\!,}$ $d_Γ$ the Euclidean distance to the boundary and $H=-\divv(C\,\nabla)$ an elliptic operator with $C=(\,c_{kl}\,)>0$ where $c_{kl}=c_{lk}$ are real, bounded, Lipschitz functions. We assume that $C\sim c\,d_Γ^{\,δ}$ as $d_Γ\to0$ in the sense of asymptotic analysis where $c$ is a strictly positive, bounded, Lipschitz function and $δ\geq0$. We also assume that there is an $r>0$ and a $ b_{δ,r}>0$ such that the weighted Hardy inequality \[ \int_{Γ_{\!\!r}} d_Γ^{\,δ}\,|\nabla ψ|^2\geq b_{δ,r}^{\,2}\int_{Γ_{\!\!r}} d_Γ^{\,δ-2}\,| ψ|^2 \] is vali…
We construct self-adjoint Laplacians and symmetric Markov semigroups on hyperbolic attractors, endowed with Gibbs $u$-measures. If the measure has full support, we can also conclude the existence of an associated symmetric diffusion process. In the special case of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms induced by geodesic flows on negatively curved manifolds the Laplacians we consider are self-adjoint extensions of well-known classical leafwise Laplacians. We observe a quasi-invariance property of energy densities in the $u$-conformal case and the existence of nonconstant functions of zero energ…
In this article, we prove and disprove several generalizations of unbounded versions of the Fuglede-Putnam theorem. As applications, we give conditions guaranteeing the commutativity of a bounded self-adjoint operator with an unbounded closed symmetric operator.
In a real Hilbert spaces H a smooth operator F is studied, whose derivative at each point of its domain is a symmetric operator. In terms of abstract boundary conditions locally self-adjoint extensions of this operator are described. We use some concepts and facts from symplectic differential geometry.
The aim of this paper is to develop an approach to obtain self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators acting on anti-dual pairs. The main advantage of such a result is that it can be applied for structures not carrying a Hilbert space structure or a normable topology. In fact, we will show how hermitian extensions of linear functionals of involutive algebras can be governed by means of their induced operators. As an operator theoretic application, we provide a direct generalization of Parrott's theorem on contractive completion of $2$ by $2$ block operator-valued matrices. To exhibit the ap…
We prove essential self-adjointness of Dirac operators with Lorentz scalar potentials which grow sufficiently fast near the boundary $\partialΩ$ of the spatial domain $Ω\subset\mathbb R^d$. On the way, we first consider general symmetric first order differential systems, for which we identify a new, large class of potentials, called scalar potentials, ensuring essential self-adjointness. Furthermore, using the supersymmetric structure of the Dirac operator in the two dimensional case, we prove confinement of Dirac particles, i.e. essential self-adjointness of the operator, solely by magnetic f…
We investigate the spectrum of the generator of a self-adjoint transition semigroup of a (symmetric) Lévy process taking values in $d$--dimensional space.
A linear operator on a Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$, in the classical approach of von Neumann, must be symmetric to guarantee self-adjointness. However, it can be shown that the symmetry could be ommited by using a criterion for the graph of the operator and the adjoint of the graph. Namely, S is shown to be densely defined and closed if and only if $\{k + l : \{k, l\} \in G(S) \cap G(S)^*\} = \mathbb{H}$. In a more general setup, we can consider relations instead of operators and we prove that in this situation a similar result holds. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a linear re…
We construct self-adjoint Laplacians and symmetric Markov semigroups on partially hyperbolic attractors and on hyperbolic attractors with singularities, endowed with Gibbs u-measures. If the measure has full support, we can also guarantee the existence of an associated symmetric Hunt diffusion process. In the special case of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms induced by geodesic flows on manifolds of negative sectional curvature the Laplacians we consider are self-adjoint extensions of well-known classical leafwise Laplacians.
Let $\mathcal H$ be a complex infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space, and let $\mathcal K(\mathcal H)$ be the $C^*$-algebra of compact linear operators in $\mathcal H$. Let $(E,\|\cdot\|_E)$ be a symmetric sequence space. If $\{μ(n,x)\}$ are the singular values of $x\in\mathcal K(\mathcal H)$, let $\mathcal C_E=\{x\in\mathcal K(\mathcal H): \{μ(n,x)\}\in E\}$ with $\|x\|_{\mathcal C_E}=\|\{μ(n,x)\}\|_E$, $x\in\mathcal C_E$, be the Banach ideal of compact operators generated by $E$. Let $\mathcal C_E^h=\{x\in\mathcal C_E : x=x^*\}$ be the real Banach subspace of self-adjoint operators in …
Let $Ω$ be a domain in $\Ri^d$ with boundary $Γ$ and let $d_Γ$ denote the Euclidean distance to $Γ$. Further let $H=-\divv(C\nabla)$ where $C=(\,c_{kl}\,)>0$ with $c_{kl}=c_{lk}$ are real, bounded, Lipschitz continuous functions and $D(H)=C_c^\infty(Ω)$. Assume also that there is a $δ\geq0$ such that $\|C/d_Γ^{\,δ}-aI\|\to 0$ as $d_Γ\to0$ with $δ\geq0$ where $a$ is a bounded Lipschitz continuous function with $a\geqμ>0$ on a boundary layer $Γ_{\!\!r}=\{x\inΩ: d_Γ(x)<r\}$. Finally we require $|(\divv C).(\nabla d_Γ)|d_Γ^{\,-δ+1}$ to be bounded on~$Γ_{\!\!r}$. Then we prove that if $Ω$ is a $C^2…
The work is devoted to the study of the similarity of a correct restriction to some self-adjoint operator in the case when the minimal operator is symmetric. The resulting theorem was applied to the Sturm-Liouville operator and the Laplace operator. It is shown that the spectrum of a non self-adjoint singularly perturbed operator is real and the corresponding system of eigenvectors forms a Riesz basis.
We produce a simple criterion and a constructive recipe to identify those self-adjoint extensions of a lower semi-bounded symmetric operator on Hilbert space which have the same lower bound as the Friedrichs extension. Applications of this abstract result to a few instructive examples are then discussed.
We give an explicit description of all minimal self-adjoint extensions of a densely defined, closed symmetric operator in a Hilbert space with deficiency indices $(1, 1)$.
We compute the deficiency spaces of operators of the form $H_A{\hat{\otimes}} I + I{\hat{\otimes}} H_B$, for symmetric $H_A$ and self-adjoint $H_B$. This enables us to construct self-adjoint extensions (if they exist) by means of von Neumann's theory. The structure of the deficiency spaces for this case was asserted already by Ibort, Marmo and Pérez-Pardo, but only proven under the restriction of $H_B$ having discrete, non-degenerate spectrum.
We consider symmetric Jacobi operators with recurrence coefficients such that the corresponding difference equation is in the limit circle case. Equivalently, this means that the associated moment problem is indeterminate. Our main goal is to find a representation for the resolvents of self-adjoint realizations $J$ of such Jacobi operators. This representation implies the classical Nevanlinna formula for the Cauchy-Stieltjes transforms of the spectral measures of the operators $J$. We also efficiently describe domains of the operators $J$ in terms of boundary conditions at infinity.
This work deals with the functional model for a class of extensions of symmetric operators and its applications to the theory of wave scattering. In terms of Boris Pavlov's spectral form of this model, we find explicit formulae for the action of the unitary group of exponentials corresponding to almost solvable extensions of a given closed symmetric operator with equal deficiency indices. On the basis of these formulae, we are able to construct wave operators and derive a new representation for the scattering matrix for pairs of such extensions in both self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint situati…