Let $B$ be a Banach $A-bimodule$ and let $n\geq 0$. We investigate the relationships between some cohomological groups of $A$, that is, if the topological center of the left module action $π_\ell:A\times B\rightarrow B$ of $A^{(2n)}$ on $B^{(2n)}$ is $B^{(2n)}$ and $H^1(A^{(2n+2)},B^{(2n+2)})=0$, then we have $H^1(A,B^{(2n)})=0$, and we find the relationships between cohomological groups such as $H^1(A,B^{(n+2)})$ and $H^1(A,B^{(n)})$, spacial $H^1(A,B^*)$ and $H^1(A,B^{(2n+1)})$. We obtain some results in Connes-amenability of Banach algebras, and so for every compact group $G$, we conclude that $H^1_{w^*}(L^\infty(G)^*,L^\infty(G)^{**})=0$. Let $G$ be an amenable locally compact group. Then there is a Banach $L^1(G)-bimodule$ such as $(L^\infty(G),.)$ such that $Z^1(L^1(G),L^\infty(G))=\{L_{f}:~f\in L^\infty(G)\}.$ We also obtain some conclusions in the Arens regularity of module actions and weak amenability of Banach algebras. We introduce some new concepts as $left-weak^*-to-weak$ convergence property [$=Lw^*wc-$property] and $right-weak^*-to-weak$ convergence property [$=Rw^*wc-$property] with respect to $A$ and we show that if $A^*$ and $A^{**}$, respectively, have $Rw^*wc-$property and $Lw^*wc-$property and $A^{**}$ is weakly amenable, then $A$ is weakly amenable. We also show to relations between a derivation $D:A\rightarrow A^*$ and this new concepts.
Let $A$ and $B$ be Banach algebras and let $T$ be an algebra homomorphism from $B$ into $A$. The Cartesian product space $A\times B$ by $T$- Lau product and $\ell^{1}$- norm becomes a Banach algebra $A\times_{T}B$. We investigate the notions such as injectivity, projectivity and flatness for the Banach algebra $A\times_{T}B$. We also characterize Hochschild cohomology for the Banach algebra $A\times_{T}B$.
Let $B$ be a Banach $A-bimodule$. We introduce the weak topological centers of left module action and we show it by $\tilde{Z}^\ell_{B^{**}}(A^{**})$. For a compact group, we show that $L^1(G)=\tilde{Z}_{M(G)^{**}}^\ell(L^1(G)^{**})$ and on the other hand we have $\tilde{Z}_1^\ell{(c_0^{**})}\neq c_0^{**}$. Thus the weak topological centers are different with topological centers of left or right module actions. In this manuscript, we investigate the relationships between two concepts with some conclusions in Banach algebras. We also have some application of this new concept and topological cen…
In this paper, we study some cohomlogical properties of Banach algebras. For a Banach algebra $A$ and a Banach $A$-bimodule $B$, we investigate the vanishing of the first Hochschild cohomology groups $H^1(A^n,B^m)$ and $H_{w^*}^1(A^n,B^m)$, where $0\leq m,n\leq 3$. For amenable Banach algebra $A$, we show that there are Banach $A$-bimodules $C$, $D$ and elements $\mathfrak{a}, \mathfrak{b}\in A^{**}$ such that $$Z^1(A,C^*)=\{R_{D^{\prime\prime}(\mathfrak{a})}:~D\in Z^1(A,C^*)\}=\{L_{D^{\prime\prime}(\mathfrak{b})}:~D\in Z^1(A,D^*)\}.$$ where, for every $b\in B$, $L_{b}(a)=ba$ and $R_{b}(a)=a b…
In this paper, first we study some Arens regularity properties of module actions. Let $B$ be a Banach $A-bimodule$ and let ${Z}^\ell_{B^{**}}(A^{**})$ and ${Z}^\ell_{A^{**}}(B^{**})$ be the topological centers of the left module action $π_\ell:~A\times B\rightarrow B$ and the right module action $π_r:~B\times A\rightarrow B$, respectively. We investigate some relationships between topological center of $A^{**}$, ${Z}_1({A^{**}})$ with respect to the first Arens product and topological centers of module actions ${Z}^\ell_{B^{**}}(A^{**})$ and ${Z}^\ell_{A^{**}}(B^{**})$. On the other hand, if $…
In this paper, we investigate homological properties of Banach algebras. We show that retractions Banach algebras preserve biprojectivity, contractibility and biflatness. We also prove that contractibility of second dual of a Banach algebra implies contractibility of the Banach algebra. For a Banach algebra $A$ with $Δ(A)\neq\emptyset$, let $\frak{F}(X, A)$ be one of the Banach algebras $C_b(X, A)$, $C_0(X, A)$, $\hbox{Lip}_α(X, A)$ or $\hbox{lip}_α(X, A)$. In the following, we study homological properties of Banach algebra $\frak{F}(X, A)$, especially contractibility of it. We prove that cont…
In this paper, we study several type of point derivations for Banach algebras. We investigate how our definition of point derivations are related to each others.
In this article, it is proved that a functional equation of (linear) Jordan triple derivations on unital Banach algebras under quite natural and simple assumptions is hyperstable. It is also shown that under some mild conditions approximate Jordan triple derivations on unital semiprime Banach algebras are (linear) derivations.
We consider the compactness of derivations from commutative Banach algebras into their dual modules. We show that if there are no compact derivations from a commutative Banach algebra, $A$, into its dual module, then there are no compact derivations from $A$ into any symmetric $A$-bimodule; we also prove analogous results for weakly compact derivations and for bounded derivations of finite rank. We then characterise the compact derivations from the convolution algebra $\ell^1(\Z_+)$ to its dual. Finally, we give an example (due to J. F. Feinstein) of a non-compact, bounded derivation from a un…
Associated with two Banach algebras $\mathcal A$ and $\mathcal B$ and a norm decreasing homomorphism $T:{\mathcal B}\rightarrow{\mathcal A}$, there is a certain Banach algebra product ${\mathcal A}\times_T {\mathcal B}$, which is a splitting extension of $\mathcal B$ by $\mathcal A$. We investigate some notions of amenability such as approximate weak amenability, approximate cyclic amenability, ideal amenability, approximate Connes-amenability, Pseudo-Connes amenability, $w^*$-approximate Connes-amenability, essential amenability, essential $ϕ$-amenability and essential character amenability. …
In this article we shall focus on the derivations on module extension of Banach algebras and determine the general structure of them. Then we obtain some results concerning the automatic continuity of these mappings.
In this paper, we study Jordan derivation-like maps on the $θ-$Lau products of algebras. We characterize them and prove that under certain condition any Jordan derivation-like maps on the $θ-$Lau products is a derivation-like map. Moreover, we investigate the concept of centralizing for Jordan derivation-like maps on the $θ-$Lau products of algebras.
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $X$ be a Banach $A$-bimodule. A mapping $D :A\longrightarrow X$ is a cubic derivation if $D$ is a cubic homogeneous mapping, that is $D$ is cubic and $D(λa)=λ^3 D(a)$ for any complex number $λ$ and all $a\in A$, and $D(ab)=D(a)\cdot b^3 +a^3\cdot D(b)$ for all $a,b\in A$. In this paper, we prove the stability of a cubic derivation with direct method. We also employ a fixed point method to establish of the stability and the superstability for cubic derivations.
Let $X$ be a left introverted subspace of dual of a Banach algebra. We study $Z_t(X^*),$ the topological center of Banach algebra $X^*$. We fined the topological center of $(X\cA)^*$, when $\cA$ has a bounded right approximate identity and $\cA\subseteq X^*.$ So we introduce a new notation of amenability for a dual Banach algebra $\cal A$. A dual Banach algebra $\cal A$ is weakly Connes-amenable if the first $weak^*-$continuous cohomology group of $\cal A$ with coefficients in $\cal A$ is zero; i.e., $H^1_{w^*}(\cal A, \cal A)=\{o\}$. We study the weak Connes-amenability of some dual Banach al…
Let A and U be Banach algebras such that U is also a Banach A- bimodule with compatible algebra operations, module actions and norm. By defining an approprite action, we turn l1-direct product A item U into a Banach algebra such that A is closed subalgebra and U is a closed ideal of it. This algebra, is in fact semidirect product of A and U which we denote it by A litem U and every semidirect products of Banach algebras can be represented as this form. In this paper we consider the Banach algebra A litem U as mentioned and study the derivations on it. In fact we consider the automatic continui…
We investigate the automatic regularity of bounded derivations from a Banach lattice algebra of regular operators A into a Banach A-module with a Banach lattice structure compatible with the module operations.
Let $A$ be a Banach ternary algebra over a scalar field $\Bbb R$ or $\Bbb C$ and $X$ be a ternary Banach $A-$module. Let $σ,τ$ and $ξ$ be linear mappings on $A$, a linear mapping $D:(A,[]_A)\to (X,[]_X)$ is called a Lie ternary $(σ,τ,ξ)-$derivation, if $$D([abc]_A)=[[D(a)bc]_X]_{(σ,τ,ξ)}+[[D(b)ac]_X]_{(σ,τ,ξ)}+[[D(c)ba]_X]_{(σ,τ,ξ)},$$ for all $a,b,c\in A$, where $[abc]_{(σ,τ,ξ)}=aτ(b)ξ(c)-σ(c)τ(b)a.$ In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of Lie ternary $(σ,τ,ξ)-$derivations on Banach ternary algebras.
Let $\cal A$ be a Banach algebra. We study those closed ideals $I$ of $\cal A$ for which the first cohomology group of $\cal A$ with coefficients in $I^*$ is trivial; i.e. $H^1(\cal A,I^*)=\{0\}$. We investigate such closed ideals when $\cal A$ is weakly amenable or biflat. Also we give some hereditary properties of ideal amenability.
Let $A$ and $X$ be Banach algebras and let $X$ be an algebraic Banach $A-$module. Then the $\ell^1-$direct sum $A\times X$ equipped with the multiplication $$(a,x)(b,y)=(ab, ay+xb+xy)\quad (a,b\in A, x,y\in X)$$ is a Banach algebra, denoted by $A\bowtie X$, which will be called "\textit{a generalized module extension Banach algebra}". Module extension algebras, Lau product and also the direct sum of Banach algebras are the main examples satisfying this framework. We characterize the structure of $n-$dual valued ($n\in\mathbb N)$) derivations on $A\bowtie X$ from which we investigate the $n-$we…
In this paper, we deal with cohomological properties of weak amenability, cyclic amenability, cyclic weak amenability and point amenability of Banach algebras. We look at some hereditary properties of them and show that continuous homomorphisms with dense range preserve cyclically weak amenability, however, weak amenability and cyclically amenability are preserved under certain conditions. We also study these cohomological properties of the $θ-$Lau product $A\times_θB$ and the projective tensor product $A\hat{\otimes} B$. Finally, we investigate the cohomological properties of $A^{**}$ and est…
We show that for $n\geq 2$ the $n-$weak amenability of the second dual $\A^{**}$ of a Banach algebra $\A$ implies that of $\A$. We also provide a positive answer for the case $n=1,$ which sharpens some older results. Our method of proof also provides a unified approach to give short proofs for some known results in the case where $n=1$.
Let ${\mathcal A}$ be a Banach algebra with the properties that $\mathrm{rad}({\mathcal A})={\rm rann}({\mathcal A})$ and the algebra ${\mathcal A}/\mathrm{rad}({\mathcal A})$ is commutative. We show that a derivation of ${\mathcal A}$ maps ${\mathcal A}$ into ${\rm rad}({\mathcal A})$. Using this, we determine among other things when a generalized derivation of ${\mathcal A}$ maps ${\mathcal A}$ into ${\rm rad}({\mathcal A})$. We also study $k$-centralizing generalized derivations of ${\mathcal A}$. Then, for a generalized derivation $(δ, d)$ of ${\mathcal A}$ we obtain a necessary and suffic…
In this paper, we introduce and solve the following additive-additive $(s,t)$-functional inequality \begin{eqnarray}\label{0.1} && \|g\left(x+y\right) -g(x) -g(y)\| +\| h(x+y) + h(x-y) -2 h(x) \| && \le \left\|s\left( 2 g\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)-g(x)-g(y)\right)\right\|+ \left\|t \left( 2h\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)+ 2h \left(\frac{x-y}{2}\right)- 2h (x)\right) \right\| , \nonumber \end{eqnarray} where $s$ and $t$ are fixed nonzero complex numbers with $|s| <1$ and $ |t| <1$. Using the direct method and the fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of Lie bracket derivation-deriva…
Let $\frak{F}(X, A)$ be one of the Banach algebras $\hbox{Lip}(X, A)$ or $\hbox{lip}(X, A)$. In this paper, we show that $\frak{F}(X, A)$ is amenable if and only if $X$ is uniformly discrete and $A$ is amenable. We also prove that the result holds for $\hbox{lip}^\circ(X, A)$ instead of $\frak{F}(X, A)$. In the case where $A^*$ is separable, we establish that $\frak{F}(X, A)^{**}$ is amenable if and only if $X$ is uniformly discrete and $A^{**}$ is amenable, however, amenability of $\hbox{lip}^\circ(X, A)^{**}$ is equivalent to amenability of $A^{**}$ and finiteness of $X$. We prove that if $\…
We introduce two notions of amenability for a Banach algebra $\cal A$. Let $I$ be a closed two-sided ideal in $\cal A$, we say $\cal A$ is $I$-weakly amenable if the first cohomology group of $\cal A$ with coefficients in the dual space $I^*$ is zero; i.e., $H^1({\cal A},I^*)=\{0\}$, and, $\cal A$ is ideally amenable if $\cal A$ is $I$-weakly amenable for every closed two-sided ideal $I$ in $\cal A$. We relate these concepts to weak amenability of Banach algebras. We also show that ideal amenability is different from amenability and weak amenability. We study the $I$-weak amenability of a Bana…
If $D:A \to X$ is a derivation from a Banach algebra to a contractive, Banach $A$-bimodule, then one can equip $X^{**}$ with an $A^{**}$-bimodule structure, such that the second transpose $D^{**}: A^{**} \to X^{**}$ is again a derivation. We prove an analogous extension result, where $A^{**}$ is replaced by $\F(A)$, the \emph{enveloping dual Banach algebra} of $A$, and $X^{**}$ by an appropriate kind of universal, enveloping, normal dual bimodule of $X$. Using this, we obtain some new characterizations of Connes-amenability of $\F(A)$. In particular we show that $\F(A)$ is Connes-amenable if a…
Let $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{U}$ be Banach algebras and $θ$ be a nonzero character on $\mathcal{A}$. Then the \textit{Lau product Banach algebra} $\mathcal{A}\times_θ\mathcal{U}$ associated with the Banach algebras $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{U}$ is the $l^1$-direct sum $\mathcal{A}\oplus\mathcal{U}$ equipped with the algebra multiplication $(a,u)(a',u')=(ab,θ(a)u'+θ(a')u+uu')\, (a,a'\in\mathcal{A},u,u'\in\mathcal{U})$ and $l^1$-norm. In this paper we shall investigate the derivations and multipliers from this Banach algebras and study the automatic continuity of these mappings. We also stu…
We introduce two notions of amenability for a Banach algebra $\cal A$. Let $n\in \Bbb N$ and let $I$ be a closed two-sided ideal in $\cal A$, $\cal A$ is $n-I-$weakly amenable if the first cohomology group of $\cal A$ with coefficients in the n-th dual space $I^{(n)}$ is zero; i.e., $H^1({\cal A},I^{(n)})=\{0\}$. Further, $\cal A$ is n-ideally amenable if $\cal A$ is $n-I-$weakly amenable for every closed two-sided ideal $I$ in $\cal A$. We find some relationships of $n-I-$ weak amenability and $m-J-$ weak amenability for some different m and n or for different closed ideals $I$ and $J$ of $\c…
This paper is devoted to the study of unbounded derivations on Banach quasi *-algebras with a particular emphasis to the case when they are infinitesimal generators of one parameter automorphisms groups. Both of them, derivations and automorphisms are considered in a weak sense; i.e., with the use of a certain families of bounded sesquilinear forms. Conditions for a weak *-derivation to be the generator of a *-automorphisms group are given.
This note aims to highlight the link between representable functionals and derivations on a Banach quasi *-algebra, i.e. a mathematical structure that can be seen as the completion of a normed *-algebra in the case the multiplication is only separately continuous. Representable functionals and derivations have been investigated in previous papers for their importance concerning the study of the structure properties of a Banach quasi *-algebra and applications to quantum models.
Read produced the first example of a Banach space $E_{\text{R}}$ such that the associated Banach algebra $\mathscr{B}(E_{\text{R}})$ of bounded operators admits a discontinuous derivation (J. London Math. Soc. 1989). We generalise Read's main theorem about $\mathscr{B}(E_{\text{R}})$ from which he deduced this conclusion, as well as the key technical lemmas that his proof relied on, by constructing a strongly split-exact sequence {0} --> $\mathscr{W}(E_{\text{R}})$ --> $\mathscr{B}(E_{\text{R}})$--> $\tilde{\ell_2}$-->{0}, where $\mathscr{W}(E_{\text{R}})$ denotes the ideal of weakly compact o…
Introducing the notions of (inner) $σ$-derivation, (inner) $σ$-endomorphism and one-parameter group of $σ$-endomorphisms ($σ$-dynamics) on a Banach algebra, we correspond to each $σ$-dynamics a $σ$-derivation named as its $σ$-infinitesimal generator. We show that the $σ$-infinitesimal generator of a $σ$-dynamics of inner $σ$-endomorphisms is an inner $σ$-derivation and deal with the converse. We also establish a nice generalized Leibniz formula and extend the Kleinenckr--Sirokov theorem for $σ$-derivations under certain conditions.
Let $n\in \Bbb N-\{1\},$ and let $A$ be a Banach algebra. An additive map $D: A\to A$ is called n-Jordan derivation if $$D(a^n)=D(a)a^{n-1}+aD(a)a^{n-2}+...+a^{n-2}D(a)a+a^{n-1}D(a),$$ for all $a \in {A}$. Using fixed point methods, we investigate the stability of n--Jordan derivations (n--Jordan $^*-$derivations) on Banach algebras ($C^*-$algebras). Also we show that to each approximate $^*-$Jordan derivation $f$ in a $C^*-$ algebra there corresponds a unique $^*-$derivation near to $f$.
We identify concrete examples of hypercyclic generalised derivations acting on separable ideals of operators and establish some necessary conditions for their hypercyclicity. We also consider the dynamics of elementary operators acting on particular Banach algebras, which reveals surprising hypercyclic behaviour on the space of bounded linear operators on the Banach space constructed by Argyros and Haydon.
In this paper, first we give a simple criterion for the Arens regularity of a bilinear mapping on normed spaces, which applies in particular to Banach module actions and then we investigate those conditions under which the second adjoint of a derivation into a dual Banach module is again a derivation. As a consequence of the main result, a simple and direct proof for several older results is also included.
In this paper we define the module extension dual Banach algebras and we use this Banach algebras to finding the relationship between $weak^*-$continuous homomorphisms of dual Banach algebras and Connes-amenability. So we study the $weak^*-$continuous derivations on module extension dual Banach algebras.
A Banach algebra $A$ is said to be zero Lie product determined if every continuous bilinear functional $φ\colon A\times A\to \mathbb{C}$ satisfying $φ(a,b)=0$ whenever $ab=ba$ is of the form $φ(a,b)=ω(ab-ba)$ for some $ω\in A^*$. We prove that $A$ has this property provided that any of the following three conditions holds: (i) $A$ is a weakly amenable Banach algebra with property $\mathbb{B}$ and having a bounded approximate identity, (ii) every continuous cyclic Jordan derivation from $A$ into $A^*$ is an inner derivation, (iii) $A$ is the algebra of all $n\times n$ matrices, where $n\ge 2$, …
Let A be a Banach algebra and let X be a Banach A -bimodule. In studying the bounded Hochschild cohomology groups H^1(A,X) it is often useful to extend a given derivation D: A-> X to a Banach algebra B containing A as an ideal, thereby exploiting (or establishing) hereditary properties. This is usually done using (bounded/unbounded) approximate identities to obtain the extension as a limit of operators b->D(ba)-b.D(a), (a in A) in an appropriate operator topology, the main point in the proof being to show that the limit map is in fact a derivation. In this paper we make clear which part of thi…
In this paper, we introduce the concept of j-hom-derivation, $j\in\{1,2\}$ and solve the new generalized additive-quadratic functional equations in the sense of ternary Banach algebras. Moreover, using the fixed point method, we prove its Hyers-Ulam stability.
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $M$ be a Banach right $A$-module. A linear map $δ: M\to M$ is called a generalized derivation if there exists a derivation $d : A \to A$ such that $$δ(xa)=δ(x)a + x d(a) \quad (a \in A, x \in M).$$ In this paper, we associate a triangular Banach algebra ${\mathcal T}$ to Banach $A$-module $M$ and investigate the relation between generalized derivations on $M$ and derivations on ${\mathcal T}$. In particular, we prove that the so-called generalized first cohomology group of $M$ is isomorphic to the first cohomology group of ${\mathcal T}$.
Let ${\mathcal N}$ be a nest on a complex Banach space $X$ and let $\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ be the associated nest algebra. We say that an operator $Z\in \mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ is an all-derivable point of $\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ if every linear map $δ$ from $\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ into itself derivable at $Z$ (i.e. $δ$ satisfies $δ(A)B+Aδ(B)=δ(Z)$ for any $A,B \in \mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ with $AB=Z$) is a derivation. In this paper, it is shown that every injective operator and every operator with dense range in $\mbox{Alg}{\mathcal N}$ are all-derivable points of $\mbox{Alg}{\mathcal …
Given Banach spaces $\X$ and $\Y$ and Banach space operators $A\in L(\X)$ and $B\in L(\Y)$, let $ρ\colon L(\Y,\X)\to L(\Y,\X)$ denote the generalized derivation defined by $A$ and $B$, i.e., $ρ(U)=AU-UB$ ($U\in L(\Y,\X)$). The main objective of this article is to study Weyl and Browder type theorems for $ρ\in L(L(\Y,\X))$. To this end, however, first the isolated points of the spectrum and the Drazin spectrum of $ρ\in L(L(\Y,\X))$ need to be characterized. In addition, it will be also proved that if $A$ and $B$ are polaroid (respectively isoloid), then $ρ$ is polaroid (respectively isoloid).
We consider a Banach algebra $A$ with the property that, roughly speaking, sufficiently many irreducible representations of $A$ on nontrivial Banach spaces do not vanish on all square zero elements. The class of Banach algebras with this property turns out to be quite large -- it includes $C^*$-algebras, group algebras on arbitrary locally compact groups, commutative algebras, $L(X)$ for any Banach space $X$, and various other examples. Our main result states that every derivation of $A$ that preserves the set of quasinilpotent elements has its range in the radical of $A$.
In recent work of the authors the notion of a derivation being approximately semi-inner arose as a tool for investigating (approximate) amenability questions for Banach algebras. Here we investigate this property in its own right, together with the consequent one of approximately semi-amenability. Under certain hypotheses regarding approximate identities this new notion is the same as approximate amenability, but more generally it covers some important classes of algebras which are not approximately amenable, in particular Segal algebras on amenable SIN-groups.
Let d be a linear mapping from a unital Banach algebra A into a unital left A-module M, and w in Z(A) be a left separating point of M. We show that the following three conditions are equivalent: (i) d is a Jordan left derivation; (ii) d is left derivable at w; (iii) d is Jordan left derivable at w. Let A be a Banach algebra with the property (B), and M be a Banach left A-module. We consider the relations between generalized (Jordan) left derivations and (Jordan) left derivable mappings at zero from A into M.
We introduce a class of Banach algebras of generalized matrices and study the existence of approximate units, ideal structure, and derivations of them.
