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arXiv 0908.3473math.COmath.AC
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组合对策的格点方法

Lattice point methods for combinatorial games

Alan Guo, Ezra Miller

摘要:

我们编码任意有限公平组合游戏的有理凸多面体的格点。由这些\emph{lattice games}提供的编码对于八进制游戏特别有效,我们将其推广到\emph{squarefree games}。这些还包括自然环境中的所有堆游戏,其中正常游戏的Sprague-Grundy定理以几何形式表现出来。我们提供了一个算法来计算正常的播放策略。格子游戏的设置自然允许mis 'ere play,其中0被宣布为失败的位置。格子博弈也允许更大的有限位置集被宣布失败的情况。获胜位置集的生成函数为格游戏的策略提供了数据结构。我们猜想每个格对策都有一个\emph{rational strategy}:一个其获胜位置的有理生成函数。此外,我们猜想,每个格游戏有一个\emph{affine stratification}:一个分区的一组获胜的位置到一个有限的不相交的并有限生成模仿射半群。

英文摘要:

We encode arbitrary finite impartial combinatorial games in terms of lattice points in rational convex polyhedra. Encodings provided by these \emph{lattice games} can be made particularly efficient for octal games, which we generalize to \emph{squarefree games}. These additionally encompass all heap games in a natural setting, in which the Sprague-Grundy theorem for normal play manifests itself geometrically. We provide an algorithm to compute normal play strategies. The setting of lattice games naturally allows for mis`ere play, where 0 is declared a losing position. Lattice games also allow situations where larger finite sets of positions are declared losing. Generating functions for sets of winning positions provide data structures for strategies of lattice games. We conjecture that every lattice game has a \emph{rational strategy}: a rational generating function for its winning positions. Additionally, we conjecture that every lattice game has an \emph{affine stratification}: a partition of its set of winning positions into a finite disjoint union of finitely generated modules for affine semigroups.

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