Assume that the local universal deformation of a Calabi-Yau 3-manifold X has an automorphism which does not act by 1 or -1 on the third cohomology. We show that the $F^2$ bundle in the Variation of Hodge structures of each maximal family containing $X$ is constant in this case. Thus X cannot be a fiber of a maximal family with maximally unipotent monodromy, if such an automorphism exists. Moreover we classify the possible actions of such an automorphism on the third cohomology, construct examples and show that the period domain is a complex ball containing a dense set of complex multiplication points in this case.
In the framework of Berthelot's theory of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules, we introduce the notion of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules having potentially-unipotent monodromy. For example, from Kedlaya's semistable reduction theorem, overconvergent isocrystals with Frobenius structure have potentially unipotent monodromy. We construct some coefficients stable under Grothendieck's six operation, containing overconvergent isocrystals with Frobenius structure and whose object have potentially unipotent monodromy. On the other hand, we introduce the notion of arithmetic $\mathcal{D}$-modules havin…
In this survey, we discuss the state of art about the monodromy property for Calabi-Yau varieties. We explain what is the monodromy property for Calabi-Yau varieties and then discuss some examples of Calabi-Yau varieties that satisfy this property. After this recap, we discuss a possible approach to future research in this area.
The computations that are suggested by String Theory in the B model requires the existence of degenerations of CY manifolds with maximum unipotent monodromy. In String Theory such a point in the moduli space is called a large radius limit (or large complex structure limit). In this paper we are going to construct one parameter families of $n$ dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds, which are complete intersections in toric varieties and which have a monodromy operator $T$ such that (T$^{N}-id)^{n+1}=0$ but (T$^{N}-id)^{n}\neq0,$ i.e the monodromy operator is maximal unipotent.
A well-known theorem of Kulikov, Persson and Pinkham states that a degeneration of a family of K3-surfaces with trivial monodromy can be completed to a smooth family. We give a simple example that an analogous statement does not hold for Calabi-Yau threefolds.
We study mirror symmetry of complete intersection Calabi-Yau manifolds which have birational automorphisms of infinite order. We observe that movable cones in birational geometry are transformed, under mirror symmetry, to the monodromy nilpotent cones which are naturally glued together.
Recently J.C. Rohde constructed families of Calabi-Yau threefolds parametrised by Shimura varieties. The points corresponding to threefolds with CM are dense in the Shimura variety and, moreover, the families do not have boundary points with maximal unipotent monodromy. Both aspects are of interest for Mirror Symmetry. In this paper we discuss one of Rohde's examples in detail and we explicitly give the Picard-Fuchs equation for this one dimensional family.
In this paper we are concerned with the monodromy of Picard-Fuch differential equations associated with one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Our results show that in the hypergeometric cases the matrix representations of monodromy relative to the Frobenius bases can be expressed in terms of the geometric invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau threefolds. This phenomenon is also verified numerically for other families of Calabi-Yau threefolds in the paper. Furthermore, we discover that under a suitable change of bases the monodromy groups are contained in certain congruence subgrou…
We show that complex local systems with quasi-unipotent monodromy at infinity over a normal complex variety are Zariski dense in their moduli. v2: we waited for feedback and added a consequence of Alexandr Petrov's theorem. 3: we tightened the last section. Final version: appears in Israel Journal of Mathematics. footnote added to Conjecture 1.1: Aaron Landesman and Daniel Litt just made available a preprint showing that there is a lower bound for the rank of geometric local systems with infinite mon-odromy on certain curves, and consequently the conjecture can not be true in this generality.
Doran and Morgan have introduced certain rational basis for the monodromy group of the Picard-Fuchs operator of a hypergeometric family of Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper we compute numerically the transition matrix between a generalization of the Doran-Morgan basis and the Frobenius basis at a half-conifold point of a one-parameter family of double octic Calabi-Yau threefolds. We identify the entries of this matrix as rational functions in the special values $L(f,1)$ and $L(f,2)$ of the corresponding modular form $f$ and one constant. We also present related results concerning the rank o…
The aim of this paper is to construct families of Calabi--Yau 3-folds without boundary points with maximal unipotent monodromy and to describe the variation of their Hodge structures. In particular five families are constructed. In all these cases the variation of the Hodge structures of the Calabi--Yau 3-folds is basically the variation of the Hodge structures of a family of curves. This allows us to write explicitly the Picard--Fuchs equation for the 1-dimensional families. These Calabi--Yau 3-folds are desingularizations of quotients of the product of a (fixed) elliptic curve and a K3 surfa…
We define an iterative construction that produces a family of elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau $n$-folds with section from a family of elliptic Calabi-Yau varieties of one dimension lower. Parallel to the geometric construction, we iteratively obtain for each family with a point of maximal unipotent monodromy, normalized to be at t=0, its Picard-Fuchs operator and a closed-form expression for the period holomorphic at t=0, through a generalization of the classical Euler transform for hypergeometric functions. In particular, our construction yields one-parameter families of elliptically fibered …
We give three new proofs of a theorem of C. Sabbah asserting that the weight filtration of the limit mixed Hodge structure at infinity of cohomologically tame polynomials coincides with the monodromy filtration up to a certain shift depending on the unipotent or non-unipotent monodromy part.
Let $X$ be a projective manifold, and $D$ be a normal crossing divisor of $X$. By Jost-Zuo's theorem that if we have a reductive representation $ρ$ of the fundamental group $π_{1}(X^{*})$ with unipotent local monodromy, where $X^*=X-D$, then there exists a tame pluriharmonic metric $h$ on the flat bundle $\mathcal V$ associated to the local system $\mathbb V$ obtain from $ρ$ over $X^*$. Therefore, we get a harmonic bundle $(E, θ, h)$, where $θ$ is the Higgs field, i.e. a holomorphic section of $End(E)\otimesΩ^{1,0}_{X^*}$ satisfying $θ^2=0$. In this paper, we study the harmonic bundle $(E,θ,h)…
We give an algebraic characterization of Picard-Fuchs operators attached to families of Calabi-Yau manifolds with a point of maximally unipotent monodromy and discuss possibilities for their differential Galois groups.
We determine the index of five of the $7$ hypergeometric Calabi-Yau operators that have finite index in $Sp_4(\mathbb{Z})$ and in two cases give a complete description of the monodromy group. Furthermore we found six non-hypergeometric Calabi-Yau operators with finite index in $Sp_4(\mathbb{Z})$, most notably a case where the index is one.
We characterize those unipotent representations of the fundamental group $π_1(X,x)$ of a compact Kaehler manifold $X$, which correspond to a Higgs bundle whose underlying Higgs field is equal to zero. The characterization is parallel to the one that R. Hain gave of those unipotent representations of $π_1(X,x)$ that can be realized as the monodromy of a flat connection on the holomorphically trivial vector bundle. We see that Hain's result and ours follow from a careful study of Simpson's correspondence between Higgs bundles and local systems.
It is a fundamental problem in geometry to decide which moduli spaces of polarized algebraic varieties are embedded by their period maps as Zariski open subsets of locally Hermitian symmetric domains. In the present work we prove that the moduli space of Calabi-Yau threefolds coming from eight planes in $\mathbb{P}^3$ does {\em not} have this property. We show furthermore that the monodromy group of a good family is Zariski dense in the corresponding symplectic group. Moreover, we study a natural sublocus which we call hyperelliptic locus, over which the variation of Hodge structures is natura…
We describe examples of computations of Picard-Fuchs operators for families of Calabi-Yau manifolds based on the expansion of a period near a conifold point. We find examples of operators without a point of maximal unipotent monodromy, thus answering a question posed by J. Rohde.
We propose a monodromy invariant pairing $K_{hol}(X) \otimes H_3(X^\vee,\ZZ) \to \IQ$ for a mirror pair of Calabi-Yau manifolds, $(X,X^\vee)$. This pairing is utilized implicitly in the previous calculations of the prepotentials for Gromov-Witten invariants. After identifying the pairing explicitly we interpret some hypergeometric series from the viewpoint of homological mirror symmetry due to Kontsevich. Also we consider the local mirror symmetry limit to del Pezzo surfaces in Calabi-Yau 3-folds.
We classify all $\Sp_4(\mathbb{C})$-rigid, quasi-unipotent local systems and show that all of them have geometric origin. Furthermore, we investigate which of those having a maximal unipotent element are induced by fourth order Calabi-Yau operators. Via this approach, we reconstruct all known Calabi-Yau operators inducing a $\Sp_4(\mathbb{C})$-rigid monodromy tuple and obtain closed formulae for special solutions of them.
We study D-branes on smooth noncompact toric Calabi-Yau manifolds that are resolutions of abelian orbifold singularities. Such a space has a distinguished basis {S_i} for the compactly supported K-theory. Using local mirror symmetry we demonstrate that the S_i have simple transformation properties under monodromy; in particular, they are the objects that generate monodromy around the principal component of the discriminant locus. One of our examples, the toric resolution of C^3/(Z_2 x Z_2), is a three parameter model for which we are able to give an explicit solution of the GKZ system.
Let X be a smooth, geometrically connected variety over a p-adic local field. We show that the pro-unipotent fundamental group of X (in both the etale and crystalline settings) satisfies the weight-monodromy conjecture, following Vologodsky. We deduce (in the etale setting) that Frobenii act semisimply on the Lie algebra of the pro-unipotent fundamental group of X, and (in the crystalline setting) that the same is true for a K-linear power of the crystalline Frobenius. We give applications to the representability and geometry of the Selmer varieties appearing in the Chabauty-Kim program, even …
We analyze the link between the occurrence of massless B-type D-branes for specific values of moduli and monodromy around such points in the moduli space. This allows us to propose a classification of all massless B-type D-branes at any point in the moduli space of Calabi-Yau's. This classification then justifies a previous conjecture due to Horja for the general form of monodromy. Our analysis is based on using monodromies around points in moduli space where a single D-brane becomes massless to generate monodromies around points where an infinite number become massless. We discuss the various…
We consider monodromy groups of the generalized hypergeometric equation \begin{equation*} \big[z(θ+α_{1})\cdots (θ+α_{n})-(θ+β_{1}-1)\cdots (θ+β_{n}-1)\big]f(z) = 0\text{, where }θ= z d/dz, \end{equation*} in a suitable basis, closely related to the Frobenius basis. We pay particular attention to the maximally unipotent case, where $β_{1}=\ldots=β_{n}=1$, and present a theorem that enables us to determine the form of the corresponding monodromy matrices in the case where $(X-e^{-2πiα_{1}})\cdots (X-e^{-2πiα_{n}})$ is a product of cyclotomic polynomials.
This paper contains a preliminary study of the monodromy of certain fourth order differential equations, that were called of Calabi-Yau type in math.NT/0402386. Some of these equations can be interpreted as the Picard-Fuchs equations of a Calabi-Yau manifold with one complex modulus, which links up the observed integrality to the conjectured integrality of the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. A natural question is if in the other cases such a geometrical interpretation is also possible. Our investigations of the monodromies are intended as a first step in answering this question. We use a numerical …
The quintic-mirror family is a well-known one-parameter family of Calabi-Yau threefolds. A complete description of the global monodromy group of this family is not yet known. In this paper, we give a presentation of the global monodromy group in the general linear group of degree 4 over the ring of integers modulo 5.
Monodromy of Calabi-Yau threefold flops via grade restriction rule and their quantum Kahler moduli
Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学数学交叉科学中心）；Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences（上海数学与交叉科学研究院）
In this paper we study quantum del Pezzo surfaces belonging to a certain class. In particular we introduce the generalised Sklyanin-Painlevé algebra and characterise its PBW/PHS/Koszul properties. This algebra contains as limiting cases the generalised Sklyanin algebra, Etingof-Ginzburg and Etingof-Oblomkov-Rains quantum del Pezzo and the quantum monodromy manifolds of the Painlevé equations.
We study a variant of the Neron models over curves which is recently found by the second named author in a more general situation using the theory of Hodge modules. We show that its identity component is a certain open subset of an iterated blow-up along smooth centers of the Zucker extension of the family of intermediate Jacobians and that the total space is a complex Lie group over the base curve and is Hausdorff as a topological space. In the unipotent monodromy case, the image of the map to the Clemens extension coincides with the Neron model defined by Green, Griffiths and Kerr. In the ca…
These are notes from talks of the authors on some explicit examples of families of Calabi-Yau threefolds which are parametrised by a Shimura variety. We briefly review the periods of Calabi-Yau threefolds and we discuss a recent result on Picard-Fuchs equations for threefolds which are hypersurfaces with many automorphisms. Next various examples of families parametrised by Shimura varieties are given. Most of these are due to J.C. Rohde. The examples with an automorphism of order three are given in some detail. We recall that such families do not have maximally unipotent monodromy and that the…
We show a combinatorial formula for a lower bound of the dimension of the non-unipotent monodromy part of the first Milnor cohomology of a hyperplane arrangement satisfying some combinatorial conditions. This gives exactly its dimension if a stronger combinatorial condition is satisfied. We also prove a non-combinatorial formula for the dimension of the non-unipotent part of the first Milnor cohomology, which apparently depends on the position of the singular points. The latter generalizes a formula previously obtained by the second named author.
In part I of this paper we constructed certain fibered Calabi-Yaus by a quotient construction in the context of weighted hypersurfaces. In this paper look at the case of K3 fibrations more closely and study the singular fibers which occur. This differs from previous work since the fibrations we discuss have constant modulus, and the singular fibers have torsion monodromy.
We review the idea of Pi-stability for B-type D-branes on a Calabi-Yau manifold. It is shown that the octahedral axiom from the theory of derived categories is an essential ingredient in the study of stability. Various examples in the context of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold are studied and we plot the lines of marginal stability in several cases. We derive the conjecture of Kontsevich, Horja and Morrison for the derived category version of monodromy around a "conifold" point. Finally, we propose an application of these ideas to the study of supersymmetry breaking.
We study the Zariski closure of the monodromy group $\mathbf{Mon}$ of Lauricella's hypergeometric function $F_C$. If the identity component $\mathbf{Mon}^0$ acts irreducibly, then $\overline{\mathbf{Mon}} \cap \mathbf{SL}_{2^n}(\mathbb{C})$ must be one of classical groups $\mathbf{SL}_{2^n}(\mathbb{C}), \mathbf{SO}_{2^n}(\mathbb{C})$ and $\mathbf{Sp}_{2^n}(\mathbb{C})$. We also study Calabi-Yau varieties arising from integral representations of $F_C$.
In this work we study the quantum periods together with their Picard-Fuchs differential equations of Calabi-Yau fourfolds. In contrast to Calabi-Yau threefolds, we argue that the large volume points of Calabi-Yau fourfolds generically are regular singular points of the Picard-Fuchs operators of non-maximally unipotent monodromy. We demonstrate this property in explicit examples of Calabi-Yau fourfolds with a single Kahler modulus. For these examples we construct integral quantum periods and study their global properties in the quantum Kahler moduli space with the help of numerical analytic con…
We describe a variation of Dworks unit-root method to determine the degree four Frobenius polynomial for members of a 1-modulus Calabi-Yau family over $\mathbb{P}^1$ in terms of the holomorphic period near a point of maximal unipotent monodromy. The method is illustrated on a couple of examples.
We study motivic zeta functions of degenerating families of Calabi-Yau varieties. Our main result says that they satisfy an analog of Igusa's monodromy conjecture if the family has a so-called Galois-equivariant Kulikov model; we provide several classes of examples where this condition is verified. We also establish a close relation between the zeta function and the skeleton that appeared in Kontsevich and Soibelman's non-archimedean interpretation of the SYZ conjecture in mirror symmetry.
This is a survey on motivic zeta functions associated to abelian varieties and Calabi-Yau varieties over a discretely valued field. We explain how they are related to Denef and Loeser's motivic zeta function associated to a complex hypersurface singularity and we investigate the relation between the poles of the zeta function and the eigenvalues of the monodromy action on the tame $\ell$-adic cohomology of the variety. The motivic zeta function allows to generalize many interesting arithmetic invariants from abelian varieties to Calabi-Yau varieties and to compute them explicitly on a model wi…
To a one-parameter family of Calabi-Yau threefolds, we can associate the extended period map by the log Hodge theory of Kato and Usui. In the present paper, we study the image of a maximally unipotent monodromy point under the extended period map. As an application, we prove the generic Torelli theorem for a large class of one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau threefolds.
We study in detail the family of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces defined by x_1+...+x_n+1/(x_1...x_n)=t over a finite field k. We determine its local and global monodromy and the trivial factors of its moment zeta function and Dwork's unit root zeta function.
The rank 4 locus of a general skew-symmetric 7x7 matrix gives the pfaffian variety in P^20 which is not defined as a complete intersection. Intersecting this with a general P^6 gives a Calabi-Yau manifold. An orbifold construction seems to give the 1-parameter mirror-family of this. However, corresponding to two points in the 1-parameter family of complex structures, both with maximally unipotent monodromy, are two different mirror-maps: one corresponding to the general pfaffian section, the other to a general intersection of G(2,7) in P^20 with a P^13. Apparently, the pfaffian and G(2,7) sect…
We consider Calabi--Yau 3-folds of Borcea--Voisin type, i.e. Calabi--Yau 3-folds obtained as crepant resolutions of a quotient $(S\times E)/(α_S\times α_E)$, where $S$ is a K3 surface, $E$ is an elliptic curve, $α_S\in {\rm Aut} (S)$ and $α_E\in {\rm Aut}(E)$ act on the period of $S$ and $E$ respectively with order $n=2,3,4,6$. The case $n=2$ is very classical, the case $n=3$ was recently studied by Rohde, the other cases are less known. First we construct explicitly a crepant resolution, $X$, of $(S\times E)/(α_S\times α_E)$ and we compute its Hodge numbers; some pairs of Hodge numbers we fou…
In this paper, we study the analogue of the Shafarevich conjecture for polarized Calabi-Yau varieties. We use variations of Hodge structures and Higgs bundles to establish a criterion for the {\it rigidity} of families. We then apply the criterion to obtain that some important and typical families of Calabi-Yau varieties are rigid, for examples., Lefschetz pencils of Calabi-Yau varieties, {\it strongly degenerated} families (not only for families of Calabi-Yau varieties), families of Calabi-Yau varieties admitting a degeneration with {\it maximal unipotent monodromy}.
We study the predictions of mirror symmetry for the 1-parameter family of Calabi-Yau 3-folds $\tilde{X}$ with hodge numbers $h^{11}=31,h^{21}=1$ constructed in \cite{BN}. We calculate the Picard-Fuchs differential equation associated to this family, and use it to predict the instanton numbers on the hypothetical mirror. These exhibit a strange vanishing in odd degrees. We also calculate the monodromy action on $H^3(\tilde{X},\QQ)$ and find that it strangely predicts a positive Euler characteristic for its mirror. From a degenerate fiber of our family we construct a new rigid Calabi-Yau 3-fold.…
We identify the perverse filtration of a Lagrangian fibration with the monodromy weight filtration of a maximally unipotent degeneration of compact hyper-Kähler manifolds.
We exhibit an infinite family of discrete subgroups of ${Sp}_4(\mathbb R)$ which have a number of remarkable properties. Our results are established by showing that each group plays ping-pong on an appropriate set of cones. The groups arise as the monodromy of hypergeometric differential equations with parameters $\left(\tfrac{N-3}{2N},\tfrac{N-1}{2N}, \tfrac{N+1}{2N}, \tfrac{N+3}{2N}\right)$ at infinity and maximal unipotent monodromy at zero, for any integer $N\geq 4$. Additionally, we relate the cones used for ping-pong in $\mathbb R^4$ with crooked surfaces, which we then use to exhibit do…
The aim of this article is to report on recent progress in understanding mirror symmetry for some non-complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds. We first construct four new smooth non-complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds with h^{1,1}=1, whose existence was previously conjectured by C. van Enckevort and D. van Straten. We then compute the period integrals of candidate mirror families of F. Tonoli's degree 13 Calabi-Yau threefold and three of the new Calabi-Yau threefolds. The Picard-Fuchs equations coincide with the expected Calabi-Yau equations. Some of the mirror families turn out to…
Let X be a smooth complex projective variety. The group of autoequivalences of the derived category of X acts naturally on its singular cohomology H(X, Q) and we denote by Geq(X) the Zariski closure of its image in Gl(H(X, Q)). We study the relation of the Lie algebra LieGeq(X) and the Neron-Severi Lie algebra gNS(X) in case X has trivial canonical line bundle. At the same time for mirror symmetric families of (weakly) Calabi-Yau varieties we consider a conjecture of Kontsevich on the relation between the monodromy of one family and the group Geq(X) for a very general member X of the other fam…
This contribution to the 2015 AMS Summer Institute in Algebraic Geometry (Salt Lake City) announces a general mirror construction. This construction applies to log Calabi-Yau pairs (X,D) with maximal boundary D or to maximally unipotent degenerations of Calabi-Yau manifolds. The new ingredient is a notion of "punctured Gromov-Witten invariant", currently in progress with Abramovich and Chen. The mirror to a pair (X,D) is constructed as the spectrum of a ring defined using the punctured invariants of (X,D). An analogous construction leads to mirrors of Calabi-Yau manifolds. This can be viewed a…
This paper continues the authors' program of studying mirror symmetry via log geometry and toric degenerations, relating affine manifolds with singularities, log Calabi-Yau spaces, and toric degenerations of Calabi-Yaus. The main focus of this paper is the calculation of the cohomology of a Calabi-Yau variety associated to a given affine manifold with singularities B. We show that the Dolbeault cohomology groups of the Calabi-Yau associated to B are described in terms of some cohomology groups of sheaves on B, as expected. This is proved first by calculating the log de Rham and log Dolbeault c…
We consider regular Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in $N$-dimensional smooth toric varieties. On such a hypersurface in the neighborhood of the large complex structure limit point we construct a fibration over a sphere $S^{N-1}$ whose generic fibers are tori $T^{N-1}$. Also for certain one-parameter families of such hypersurfaces we show that the monodromy transformation is induced by a translation of the $T^{N-1}$ fibration by a section. Finally we construct a dual fibration and provide some evidence that it describes the mirror family.
We prove that the monodromy of an irreducible cohomologically complex rigid local system with finite determinant and quasi-unipotent local monodromies at infinity on a smooth quasiprojective complex variety $X$ is integral. This answers positively a special case of a conjecture by Carlos Simpson. On a smooth projective variety, the argument relies on Drinfeld's theorem on the existence of $\ell$-adic companions over a finite field. When the variety is quasiprojective, one has in addition to control the weights and the monodromy at infinity.
For a proper semistable curve $X$ over a DVR of mixed characteristics we reprove the "invariant cycles theorem" with trivial coefficients (see Chiarellotto, 1999) i.e. that the group of elements annihilated by the monodromy operator on the first de Rham cohomology group of the generic fiber of $X$ coincides with the first rigid cohomology group of its special fiber, without the hypothesis that the residue field of $\cal V$ is finite. This is done using the explicit description of the monodromy operator on the de Rham cohomology of the generic fiber of $X$ with coefficients convergent $F$-isocr…
We discuss the period geometry and the topological string amplitudes on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds in toric ambient spaces. In particular, we describe a general procedure to fix integral periods. Using some elementary facts from homological mirror symmetry we then obtain Bridgelands involution and its monodromy action on the integral basis for non-singular elliptically fibered fourfolds. The full monodromy group contains a subgroup that acts as PSL(2,Z) on the Kähler modulus of the fiber and we analyze the consequences of this modularity for the genus zero and genus one amplitud…
We show that crystals with the properties of crystalline cohomology of ordinary Calabi-Yau threefolds in characteristic p>0, exhibit a remarkable similarity with the well known structure on the cohomology of complex Calabi-Yau threefolds near a boundary point of the moduli space with maximal unipotent local monodromy. In particular, there are canonical coordinates and an analogue of the prepotential of the Yukawa coupling. Moreover we show p-adic analogues of the integrality properties for the canonical coordinates and the prepotential of the Yukawa coupling, which have been observed in the ex…
