In this article, we introduce the concept of normal families of bicomplex holomorphic functions to obtain a bicomplex Montel theorem. Moreover, we give a general definition of Fatou and Julia sets for bicomplex polynomials and we obtain a characterization of bicomplex Fatou and Julia sets in terms of Fatou set, Julia set and filled-in Julia set of one complex variable. Some 3D visual examples of bicomplex Julia sets are also given for the specific slice $\bold{j}=0$.
In the present paper, we introduced the extended bicomplex plane $\bar{\mathbb{T}}$, its geometric model: the bicomplex Riemann sphere, and the bicomplex chordal metric that enables us to talk about the convergence of the sequences of bicomplex meromorphic functions. Hence the concept of the normality of a family of bicomplex meromorphic functions on bicomplex domains emerges. Besides obtaining a normality criterion for such families, the bicomplex analog of the Montel theorem for meromorphic functions and the Fundamental Normality Tests for families of bicomplex holomorphic functions and bico…
In this paper, we are concerned with the bicomplex analog of the well-known result asserting that real-valued harmonic functions, on simply connected domains, are the real parts of holomorphic functions. We show that this assertion, word for word, fails for bc-harmonic functions and we provide a complete characterization of bc-harmonic functions that are the hyperbolic real parts of a specific kind of bc-holomorphic functions. Moreover, we extend the result to bicomplex polyharmonic functions, which implies the introduction of specific classes of bc-polyholomorphic functions.
This treatise investigates holomorphic functions defined on the space of bicomplex numbers introduced by Segre. The theory of these functions is associated with Fueter's theory of regular, quaternionic functions. The algebras of quaternions and bicomplex numbers are developed by making use of so-called complex pairs. Special attention is paid to singular bicomplex numbers that lack an inverse. The elementary bicomplex functions are defined and their properties studied. The derivative of a bicomplex function is defined as the limit of a fraction with nonsingular denominator. The existence of th…
The Dirac equation with a scalar and an electromagnetic potentials is considered. In the time-harmonic case and when all the involved functions depend only on two spatial variables it reduces to a pair of decoupled bicomplex Vekua-type equations [8]. Using the technique developed for complex Vekua equations a system of exact solutions for the bicomplex equation is conctructed under additional conditions, in particular when the electromagnetic potential is absent and the scalar potential is a function of one Cartesian variable. Introducing a transmutation operator relating the involved bicomple…
We build measurable holomorphic motions for Julia sets of holomorphic families of endomorphisms of CP(k) under various equivalent notions of stability.
The aim of these lectures is the study of bifurcations within holomorphic families of polynomials or rational maps by mean of ergodic and pluripotential theoretic tools.
This paper deals with analytic families of holomorphic iterated function systems. Using real analyticity of the pressure function (which we prove), we establish a classification theorem for analytic families of holomorphic iterated function systems which depend continuously on a parameter when the space of holomorphic iterated function systems is endowed with the "$λ$-topology". This classification theorem allows us to generalize some geometric results from the paper ("Lambda-Topology vs. Pointwise Topology", to appear in Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.) of the authors, and gives us a better and clea…
We initiate a parametric study of holomorphic families of polynomial skew products, i.e., polynomial endomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$ of the form $F(z,w)= (p(z), q(z,w))$ that extend to holomorphic endomorphisms of $\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{C})$. We prove that dynamical stability in the sense of arXiv:1403.7603 preserves hyperbolicity within such families, and give a complete classification of the hyperbolic components that are the analogue, in this setting, of the complement of the Mandelbrot set for the family $z^2 +c$. We also precisely describe the geometry of the bifurcation locus and current …
We give upper bounds of the numbers of holomorphic sections of Veech holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces. The numbers depend only on the topological types of base Riemann surfaces and fibers. We also show a relation between types of Veech groups and moduli of cylinder decompositions of flat surfaces.
We give a complete solution to the existence of isochronous center families for holomorphic dynamical systems. The study of center families for n-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems naturally leads to the study of (n-1)-dimensional Briot-Bouquet systems in the phase space. We first give a detailed study of the Briot-Bouquet systems. Then we show the existence of isochronous center families in the neighborhood of the equilibrium point of three-dimensional systems based on the two-dimensional Briot-Bouquet theory. The same approach works in arbitrary dimensions.
We construct holomorphic families of proper holomorphic embeddings of $\C^k$ into $\C^n$ ($0<k<n-1$), so that for any two different parameters in the family no holomorphic automorphism of $\C^n$ can map the image of the corresponding two embeddings onto each other. As an application to the study of the group of holomorphic automorphisms of $\C^n$ we derive the existence of families of holomorphic $\C^*$-actions on $\C^n$ ($n\ge 5$) so that different actions in the family are not conjugate. This result is surprising in view of the long standing Holomorphic Linearization Problem, which in partic…
We construct a holomorphically varying family of complex surfaces X_s, parametrized by the points s in any Stein manifold, such that every X_s is a long C^2 which is biholomorphic to C^2 for some but not all values of s.
We prove a Zalcman-Pang lemma in several complex variables and apply it to obtain several complex variables analogues of the known normality criteria like Lappan's five-point theorem and Schwick's theorem.
In this paper, we construct holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces from Veech groups and characterize their sections by some points of corresponding flat surfaces. The construction gives us concrete solutions for some Diophantine equations over function fields. Moreover, we give upper bounds of the numbers of holomorphic sections of certain holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces.
The authors lay the foundations for the study of normal families of holomorphic functions and mappings on an infinite-dimensional normed linear space. Characterizations of normal families, in terms of value distribution, spherical derivatives, and other geometric properties are derived. Montel-type theorems are established. A number of different topologies on spaces of holomorphic mappings are considered. Theorems about normal families are formulated and proved in the language of these various topologies. Normal functions are also introduced. Characterizations in terms of automorphisms and als…
Let $\mathbb{B}^2$ denote the open unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^2$, and let $p\in \mathbb{C}^2\setminus\overline{\mathbb{B}^2}$. We prove that if $f$ is an analytic function on the sphere $\partial\mathbb{B}^2$ that extends holomorphically in each variable separately and along each complex line through $p$, then $f$ is the trace of a holomorphic function in the ball.
We study Picard's exceptional values of holomorphic one-parametric families of entire functions. Our first result shows that the set of parameter values for which zero is a Picard value can be an arbitrary closed set of zero logarithmic capacity. This answers a question of Julia. Second, we show that if a function has a Picard exceptional value for all values of parameter in some region of the plane then this Picard value is a holomorphic function in the complement of some discrete set E, tending to infinity as the papameter tends to E.
It is known that if f is a continuous function on the complex plane which extends holomorphically from each circle surrounding the origin then f is not necessarily holomorphic. In the paper we prove that if, in addition, f extends holomorphically from each circle belonging to an open family of circles which do not surround the origin then f is holomorphic.
We study the behavior of the analytic capacity of a compact set under deformations obtained by families of conformal maps depending holomorphically on the complex parameter. We show that, under those deformations, the logarithm of the analytic capacity varies harmonically. We also show that the hypotheses in this result cannot be substantially weakened.
We solve the problem of simultaneously embedding properly holomorphically into $\Bbb C^2$ a whole family of $n$-connected domains $Ω_r\subset\Bbb P^1$ such that none of the components of $\Bbb P^1\setminusΩ_r$ reduces to a point, by constructing a continuous mapping $Ξ\colon\bigcup_r\{r\}\timesΩ_r\to\Bbb C^2$ such that $Ξ(r,\cdot)\colonΩ_r\hookrightarrow\Bbb C^2$ is a proper holomorphic embedding for every $r$. To this aim, a parametric version of both the Andersén-Lempert procedure and Carleman's Theorem is formulated and proved.
We construct holomorphically varying families of Fatou-Bieberbach domains with given centres in the complement of any compact polynomially convex subset $K$ of $\mathbb C^n$ for $n>1$. This provides a simple proof of the recent result of Yuta Kusakabe to the effect that the complement $\mathbb C^n\setminus K$ of any polynomially convex subset $K$ of $\mathbb C^n$ is an Oka manifold. The analogous result is obtained with $\mathbb C^n$ replaced by any Stein manifold with the density property.
Let B be the open unit ball in C^2 and let a, b be two points in B. It is known that for every positive integer k there is a function f in C^k(bB) which extends holomorphically into B along any complex line passing through either a or b yet f does not extend holomorphically through B. In the paper we show that there is no such function in C^\infty (bB). Moreover, we obtain a fairly complete description of pairs of points a, b in C^2 such that if a function f in C^\infty(bB) extends holomorphically into B along each complex line passing through either a or b that meets B, then f extends holomor…
We consider a family of analytic and normalized functions that are related to the domains $\mathbb{H}(s)$, with a right branch of a hyperbolas $H(s)$ as a boundary. The hyperbola $H(s)$ is given by the relation $\frac{1}ρ=\left( 2\cos\fracφ{s}\right)^s\quad (0<s\le 1,\ |φ|<(πs)/2$). We mainly study a coefficient problem of the families of functions for which $zf'/f$ or $1+zf''/f'$ map the unit disk onto a subset of $\mathbb{H}(s)$. We find coefficients bounds, solve Fekete-Szegö problem and estimate the Hankel determinant.
We prove a version of the classical $λ$-lemma for holomorphic families of Riemann surfaces. We then use it to show that critical loci for complex Hénon maps that are small perturbations of quadratic polynomials with Cantor Julia sets are all quasiconformally equivalent.
For a smooth family $V \to U$ of polarized manifolds with semi-ample canonical sheaves, we show the following result: any entire curve must be contained in the fibers of the classifying map from the base space $U$ to the moduli space. This settles the Relative Isotriviality Conjecture, \cite[Conjecture 1.5]{DLSZ}.
Let $G$ be a reductive group. We prove that a family of polynomial actions of $G$ on $\mathbb{C}^2$, holomorphically parametrized by an open Riemann surface, is linearizable. As an application, we show that a particular class of reductive group actions on $\mathbb{C}^3$ is linearizable. The main step of our proof is to establish a certain restrictive Oka property for groups of equivariant algebraic automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$.
This article is the continuation of [B. 13-b] where we show how the isomorphism class of a $[λ]-$primitive theme with a given Bernstein polynomial may be characterized by a (small) finite number of complex parameters. We construct here a corresponding locally versal holomorphic deformation of $ [λ]-$primitive themes for each given Bernstein polynomial. Then we prove the universality of the corresponding "canonical family" in many cases. We also give some examples where no local universal family exists.
We study families of rational curves on irreducible holomorphic symplectic varieties. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a sufficiently ample linear system on a holomorphic symplectic variety of $K3^{[n]}$-type to contain a uniruled divisor covered by rational curves of primitive class. In particular, for any fixed $n$, we show that there are only finitely many polarization types of holomorphic symplectic variety of $K3^{[n]}$-type that do not contain such a uniruled divisor. As an application we provide a generalization of a result due to Beauville-Voisin on the Chow group of 0-…
Let $\{f_{λ; j}\}_{λ\in V; 1\le j\le k}$ be families of holomorphic functions in the open unit disk $\Di\subset\Co$ depending holomorphically on a parameter $λ\in V\subset \Co^n$. We establish a Rolle type theorem for the generalized multiplicity (called {\em cyclicity}) of zero of the family of univariate holomorphic functions ${\sum_{j=1}^k f_{λ;j}}_{λ\in V}$ at $0\in\Di$. As a corollary, we estimate the cyclicity of the family of generalized exponential polynomials, that is, the family of entire functions of the form $\sum_{k=1}^m P_k(z)e^{Q_k(z)}$, $z\in\Co$, where $P_k$ and $Q_k$ are holo…
The first goal of the article is to solve several fundamental problems in the theory of holomorphic bundles over non-algebraic manifolds: For instance we prove that stability and semi-stability are Zariski open properties in families when the Gauduchon degree map is a topological invariant, or when the parameter manifold is compact. Second we show that, for a generically stable family of bundles over a Kähler manifold, the Petersson-Weil form extends as a closed positive current on the whole parameter space of the family. This extension theorem uses classical tools from Yang-Mills theory devel…
Let F be a family of holomorphic functions and let K be a constant less than 4. Suppose that for all f in F the second iterate of f does not have fixed points for which the modulus of the multiplier is greater than K. We show that then F is normal. This is deduced from a result about the multipliers of iterated polynomials.
We estimate the expected number of limit cycles situated in a neighbourhood of the origin of a planar polynomial vector field. Our main tool is a distributional inequality for the number of zeros of some families of univariate holomorphic functions depending analytically on a parameter. We obtain this inequality by methods of Pluripotential Theory. This inequality also implies versions of a strong law of large numbers and the central limit theorem for a probabilistic scheme associated with the distribution of zeros.
Let f_λ be a family of holomorphic functions in the unit disk, holomorphic in parameter λ\in U\subset\C^{n}. We estimate the number of zeros of f_λ in a smaller disk via some characteristic of the ideal generated by Taylor coefficients of f_λ. Our estimate is locally sharp and improve the previous estimate obtained by Roytwarf and Yomdin.
In this paper we study commuting families of holomorphic mappings in $\mathbb{C}^n$ which form abelian semigroups with respect to their real parameter. Linearization models for holomorphic mappings are been used in the spirit of Schröder's classical functional equation.
Nirenberg and Spencer posed the question whether the germ of a compact complex submanifold in a complex manifold is determined by its infinitesimal neighborhood of finite order when the normal bundle is sufficiently positive. To study the problem for a larger class of submanifolds, including free rational curves, we reformulate the question in the setting of families of submanifolds and their infinitesimal neighborhoods. When the submanifolds have no nonzero vector fields, we prove that it is sufficient to consider only first-order neighborhoods to have an affirmative answer to the reformulate…
Consider the following uniformization problem. Take two holomorphic (parametrized by some analytic set defined on a neighborhood of $0$ in $\Bbb C^p$, for some $p>0$) or differentiable (parametrized by an open neighborhood of $0$ in $\Bbb R^p$, for some $p>0$) deformation families of compact complex manifolds. Assume they are pointwise isomorphic, that is for each point $t$ of the parameter space, the fiber over $t$ of the first family is biholomorphic to the fiber over $t$ of the second family. Then, under which conditions are the two families locally isomorphic at 0? In this article, we give…
Let B be the open unit ball in C^2 and let a, b, c be three points in C^2 which do not lie in a complex line, such that the complex line through a and b meets B and such that <a|b> is different from 1 if one of the points a, b is in B and the other in the complement of B and such that at least one of the numbers <a|c>, <b|c> is different from 1. We prove that if a continuous function f on the sphere bB extends holomorphically into B along each complex line which passes through one of the points a, b, c then f extends holomorphically through B. This generalizes recent work of L.Baracco who prov…
