Let $\frak g$ be a finite dimensional complex semi-simple Lie algebra with Weyl group $W$ and simple reflections $S$. For $I\subseteq S$ let $\frak g_I$ be the corresponding semi-simple subalgebra of $\frak g$. Denote by $W_I$ the Weyl group of $\frak g_I$ and let $w_o$ and $w^I_o$ be the longest elements of $W$ and $W_I$, respectively. In this paper we show that the answer to Kostant's problem, i.e. whether the universal enveloping algebra surjects onto the space of all ad-finite linear transformations of a given module, is the same for the simple highest weight $\frak g_I$-module $L_I(x)$ of highest weight $x\cdot 0$, $x\in W_I$, as the answer for the simple highest weight $\frak g$-module $L(x w^I_o w_o)$ of highest weight $(x w^I_o w_o)\cdot 0$. We also give a new description of the unique quasi-simple quotient of the Verma module $Δ(e)$ with the same annihilator as $L(y)$, $y\in W$.
We give a complete combinatorial classification of those parabolic Verma modules in the principal block of the parabolic category $\mathcal{O}$ associated to a minimal or a maximal parabolic subalgebra of the special linear Lie algebra for which the answer to Kostant's problem is positive.
In this paper the authors investigate infinite-dimensional representations $L$ in blocks of the relative (parabolic) category ${\mathcal O}_S$ for a complex simple Lie algebra, having the property that the cohomology of the nilradical with coefficients in $L$ ``looks like'' the cohomology with coefficients in a finite-dimensional module, as in Kostant's theorem. A complete classification of these ``Kostant modules'' in regular blocks for maximal parabolics in the simply laced types is given. A complete classification is also given in arbitrary (singular) blocks for Hermitian symmetric categori…
We propose and prove an identity relating the Poincaré polynomials of stabilizer subgroups of the affine Weyl group and of the corresponding stabilizer subgroups of the Weyl group.
Let p be a maximal truncated parabolic subalgebra of a simple Lie Algebra. It was shown in many cases that the Poisson centre Y(p) is a polynomial algebra. We construct a slice for the coadjoint action of p, thus extending a theorem of Kostant. The role of the principal sl_2-triple is played by an adapted pair.
Let G be a semisimple complex algebraic group with Borel subgroup B and let P be a parabolic subgroup of G. Let T*(G/P) denote the cotangent bundle of G/P. Ranee Brylinski discovered a connection between cohomology of G-equivariant line bundles on T*(G/B) and the so-called Brylinski-Kostant filtration, which describes the action of principal sl_2 triples on G-representations. In this paper we generalize these results to a larger class of sl_2 triples. Along the way we also obtain generalizations of results due to Broer on cohomology of G-equivariant bundles on T*(G/P) for various parabolics P.
Let $\mathfrak g$ be a complex simple Lie algebra. We classify the parabolic subalgebras $\mathfrak p$ of $\mathfrak g$ such that the nilradical of $\mathfrak p$ has a commutative polarisation. The answer is given in terms of the Kostant cascade. It requires also the notion of an optimal nilradical and some properties of abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak g$. Some invariant-theoretic consequences of the existence of a commutative polarisation are also discussed.
The supercharacter theory is constructed for the parabolic subgroups of $\mathrm{GL}(n,\Fq)$ with blocks of orders less or equal to two. The author formulated the hypotheses on construction of a supercharacter theory for an arbitrary parabolic subgroup in $\mathrm{GL}(n,\Fq)$.
In the context of Hecke algebras of complex reflection groups, we prove that the generalized Hecke algebras of normalizers of parabolic subgroups are semidirect products, under suitable conditions on the parameters involved in their definition.
We consider the action of a parabolic subgroup of the General Linear Group on a metabelian ideal. For those actions, we classify actions with finitely many orbits using methods from representation theory.
We construct two supercharacter theories (in the sense of P. Diaconis and I.M. Isaacs) for the parabolic subgroups in orthogonal and symplectic groups. For each supercharacter theory, we obtain a supercharacter analog of the A.A.Kirillov formula for irreducible characters of finite unipotent groups.
Given $Γ$ a finite subgroup of $\mathbf{SL}_3\mathbb{C}$, we determine how an arbitrary finite dimensional irreducible representation of $\mathbf{SL}_3\mathbb{C}$ decomposes under the action of $Γ$. To the subgroup $Γ$ we attach a generalized Cartan matrix $C_Γ$. Then, inspired by B. Kostant, we decompose the Coxeter element of the Kac-Moody algebra attached to $C_Γ$ as a product of reflections of a special form, thereby suggesting an algebraic form for the McKay correspondence in dimension 3.
We study the structure of minimal parabolic subgroups of the classical infinite dimensional real simple Lie groups, corresponding to the classical simple direct limit Lie algebras. This depends on the recently developed structure of parabolic subgroups and subalgebras that are not necessarily direct limits of finite dimensional parabolics. We then discuss the use of that structure theory for the infinite dimensional analog of the classical principal series representations. We look at the unitary representation theory of the classical lim--compact groups $U(\infty)$, $SO(\infty)$ and $Sp(\infty…
A new descent algebra $\sum_{W}(A_{n})$ of Weyl groups of type $A_n$, constructed by present authors in [1], is generated by equivalence classes $[x_J]$ arising from the equivalence relation defined on the set of all $x_J$. In this paper, we introduce the structure of this new descent algebra for standard parabolic subgroups $W_J$ of Weyl groups of type $A_n$.
This paper is part of the program to classify Kazhdan-Lusztig cells for Weyl groups of type $D_n$. We prove analogous results to those of section 4 of Kazhdan-Lusztig's original paper, this time related to a parabolic subgroup of type $D_4$. We also show how this is used in the definition of the generalized $τ$-invariant.
The paper is devoted to the problem of finding free generators in the fields of invariants for actions of unipotent groups on affine varieties. We consider the case when the unipotent group is the unipotent radical in an arbitrary parabolic subgroup in the reductive group of classical type GL(n), SL(n), O(n) or Sp(2n). In the explicit form, we present a system of free generators in the field of invariants for the action of the unipotent radical on the reductive group by conjugation.
Symmetric $k$-varieties are a natural generalization of symmetric spaces to general fields $k$. We study the action of minimal parabolic $k$-subgroups on symmetric $k$-varieties and define a map that embeds these orbits within the orbits corresponding to algebraically closed fields. We develop a condition for the surjectivity of this map in the case of $k$-split groups that depends only on the dimension of a maximal $k$-split torus contained within the fixed point group of the involution defining the symmetric $k$-variety.
Let $G$ be an irreducible Hermitian Lie group and $D=G/K$ its bounded symmetric domain in $\mathbb C^d$ of rank $r$. Each $γ$ of the Harish-Chandra strongly orthogonal roots $\{γ_1, \cdots, γ_r\}$ defines a Heisenberg parabolic subgroup $P=MAN$ of $G$. We study the principal series representations $\Ind_P^G(1\otimes e^ν\otimes 1)$ of $G$ induced from $P$. We find the complementary series, reduction points, and unitary subrepresentations in this family of representations.
In a recent paper we found conditions for a nilpotent Lie group to be foliated into subgroups that have square integrable unitary representations that fit together to form a filtration by normal subgroups. That resulted in explicit character formulae, Plancherel formulae and multiplicity formulae. We also showed that nilradicals $N$ of minimal parabolic subgroups $P = MAN$ enjoy that "stepwise square integrable" property. Here we extend those results from $N$ to $P$. The Pfaffian polynomials, which give orthogonality relations and Plancherel density for $N$, also give a semiinvariant different…
In this paper, we obtain explicit branching laws for all irreducible unitary representations of $\Spin(N,1)$ restricted to a parabolic subgroup $P$. The restriction turns out to be a finite direct sum of irreducible unitary representations of $P$. We also verify Duflo's conjecture for the branching law of tempered representations of $\Spin(N,1)$ with respect to a parabolic subgroup $P$. That is to show: in the framework of the orbit method, the branching law of a tempered representation is determined by the behavior of the moment map from the corresponding coadjoint orbit. A few key tools used…
In this note, I will prove a conjecture in \cite{BYY}, which is related to the invariants of a maximal parabolic subgroup of $\GL_{n+1}$. Consequently, the natural tensor invariants of this typical maximal parabolic subgroup of $\GL_{n+1}$ are determined when $n\geq r$.
In this paper, we study the restriction of an irreducible unitary representation $π$ of the universal covering $\widetilde{Sp}_{2n}(\mb R)$ to a Heisenberg maximal parabolic group $\tilde P$. We prove that if $π|_{\tilde P}$ is irreducible, then $π$ must be a highest weight module or a lowest weight module. This is in sharp constrast with the $GL_n(\mathbb R)$ case. In addition, we show that for a unitary highest or lowest weight module, $π|_{\tilde P}$ decomposes discretely. We also treat the groups $U(p,q)$ and $O^*(2n)$.
Let $G$ be a reductive complex algebraic group, $T$ a maximal torus of $G$, $B$ a Borel subgroup of $G$ containing $T$, $Φ$ the root system of $G$ w.r.t. $T$, $W$ the Weyl group of $Φ$. Denote by $\Fo = G/B$ the flag variety, by $X_w$ the Schubert subvariety of $\Fo$ associated with an element $w\in W$, and by $C_w$ the tangent cone to $X_w$ at the point $p = eB$. Then $C_w$ is a subscheme of the tangent space $T_pX_w\subseteq T_p\Fo$. Suppose $w$, $w'$ are distinct involutions in $W$. Using the so-called Kostant--Kumar polynomials, we show that if every irreducible component of $Φ$ is of type…
Many years ago Kazhdan, Kostant and Sternberg defined the notion of inducing a hamiltonian action from a Lie subgroup. In this paper, we develop the attendant imprimitivity theorem and Mackey analysis in the full generality needed to deal with arbitrary closed normal subgroups.
Let $\ell$ be a prime divisor of the order of a finite unitary reflection group. We classify up to conjugacy the parabolic and reflection subgroups that are minimal with respect to inclusion, subject to containing an $\ell$-Sylow subgroup. The classification assists in describing the $\ell$-Sylow subgroups of unitary reflection groups up to group isomorphism. This classification also relates to the modular representation theory of finite groups of Lie type. We observe that unless a parabolic subgroup minimally containing an $\ell$-Sylow subgroup is $G$ itself, the reflection subgroup within th…
We establish a maximal parabolic version of the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture \cite[Conjecture 5.10]{CKW} for the BGG category $\mathcal{O}_{k,ζ}$ of $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules of "$\pm ζ$-weights", where $k\leq n$ and $ζ\in\mathbb{C} \setminus \frac{1}{2} \mathbb{Z}$. As a consequence, the irreducible characters of these $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules in this maximal parabolic category are given by the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of type $A$ Lie algebras. As an application, closed character formulas for a class of $\mathfrak{q}(n)$-modules resembling polynomial and Kostant modules of the general linea…
Let $G_R$ be a classical real direct limit Lie group and $g_R$ its Lie algebra. The parabolic subalgebras of the complexification $g_C$ were described by the first two authors. In the present paper we extend these results to $g_R$. This also gives a description of the parabolic subgroups of $G_R$. Furthermore, we give a geometric criterion for a parabolic subgroup $P_C$ of $G_C$ to intersect $G_R$ in a parabolic subgroup. This criterion involves the $G_R$-orbit structure of the flag ind-manifold $G_C/P_C$.
In a series of recent papers we extended the notion of square integrability, for representations of nilpotent Lie groups, to that of stepwise square integrability. There we discussed a number of applications based on the fact that nilradicals of minimal parabolic subgroups of real reductive Lie groups are stepwise square integrable. Here, in Part I, we prove stepwise square integrability for nilradicals of arbitrary parabolic subgroups of real reductive Lie groups. This is technically more delicate than the case of minimal parabolics. We further discuss applications to Plancherel formulae and …
Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group of adjoint type over the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers, $B$ be a Borel subgroup of $G$ containing a maximal torus $T$ of $G.$ In this article, we show that $α$ is a co-minuscule root if and only if for any parabolic subgroup $Q$ containing $B$ properly, there is no Schubert variety $X_{Q}(w)$ in $G/Q$ such that the minimal parabolic subgroup $P_α$ of $G$ is the connected component, containing the identity automorphism of the group of all algebraic automorphisms of $X_{Q}(w).$
Following Lusztig, we consider a Coxeter group $W$ together with a weight function. Geck showed that the Kazhdan-Lusztig cells of $W$ are compatible with parabolic subgroups. In this paper, we generalize this argument to some subsets of $W$ which may not be parabolic subgroups. We obtain two applications: we show that under specific technical conditions on the parameters, the cells of a certain finite parabolic subgroup of $W$ are cells in the whole group, and we decompose the affine Weyl group $\tilde{G}_{2}$ into left and two-sided cells for a whole class of weight functions.
Let $G$ be a simple simply-laced algebraic group of adjoint type over the field $\mathbb{C}$ of complex numbers, $B$ be a Borel subgroup of $G$ containing a maximal torus $T$ of $G.$ In this article, we show that $ω_α$ is a minuscule fundamental weight if and only if for any parabolic subgroup $Q$ containing $B$ properly, there is no Schubert variety $X_{Q}(w)$ in $G/Q$ such that the minimal parabolic subgroup $P_α$ of $G$ is the connected component, containing the identity automorphism of the group of all algebraic automorphisms of $X_{Q}(w).$
A Moore--Penrose inverse of an arbitrary complex matrix A is defined as a unique matrix A' such that AA'A=A, A'AA'=A', and AA', A'A are Hermite matrices. We show that this definition has a natural generalization in the context of shortly graded simple Lie algebras corresponding to parabolic subgroups with aura (abelian unipotent radical) in simple complex Lie groups, or equivalently in the context of simple complex Jordan pairs. We give further generalizations and applications.
In this paper we discuss the isomorphism types of parabolic subgroups in Kac-Moody groups. The results have applications in the study of topology of Kac-Moody groups and their classifying spaces.
We compute conjugacy classes in maximal parabolic subgroups of the general linear group. This computation proceeds by reducing to a ``matrix problem''. Such problems involve finding normal forms for matrices under a specified set of row and column operations. We solve the relevant matrix problem in small dimensional cases. This gives us all conjugacy classes in maximal parabolic subgroups over a perfect field when one of the two blocks has dimension less than 6. In particular, this includes every maximal parabolic subgroup of GL_n(k) for n < 12 and k a perfect field. If our field is finite of …
Let $q$ be a power of a prime $p$. Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of the general linear group $\GL_n(q)$ that is the stabilizer of a flag in $\FF_q^n$ of length at most 5, and let $U = O_p(P)$. In this note we prove that, as a function of $q$, the number $k(U)$ of conjugacy classes of $U$ is a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients.
This paper studies Emerton's Jacquet module functor for locally analytic representations of p-adic reductive groups. When P is a parabolic subgroup whose Levi factor M is not commutative, we show that passing to an isotypical subspace for the derived subgroup of M gives rise to essentially admissible locally analytic representations of the torus Z(M), which have a natural interpretation in terms of rigid geometry. We use this to extend Emerton's representation-theoretic construction of eigenvarieties by constructing eigenvarieties interpolating automorphic representations whose local component…
Given a supercuspidal representation $σ$ of a parabolic subgroup $P$ of reductive group $G$, we discover a universal hierarchical structure of reducibility of the parabolic induction $Ind^G_P(σ)$, i.e. always irreducible from some Levi-level up. As its applications, we provide a new simple proof of the generic irreducibility property of parabolic induction, and prove Clozel's finiteness conjecture of special exponents under some conditions. Indeed, those conditions are predicted by two conjectures of Shahidi which in some sense are proved for classical groups by Arthur in his monumental book--…
Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group of classical type over an algebraically closed field $k$. Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of $G$ and let $\p = \Lie P$ be the Lie algebra of $P$ with Levi decomposition $\p = ł\oplus \u$, where $\u$ is the Lie algebra of the unipotent radical of $P$ and $ł$ is a Levi complement. Thanks to a fundamental theorem of R. W. Richardson, $P$ acts on $\u$ with an open dense orbit; this orbit is called the {\em Richardson orbit} and its elements are called {\em Richardson elements}. Recently, the first author gave constructions of Richardson elements in the case $k =…
We examine the structure of the Levi component $MA$ in a minimal parabolic subgroup $P = MAN$ of a real reductive Lie group $G$ and work out the cases where $M$ is metabelian, equivalently where $\mathfrak{p}$ is solvable. When $G$ is a linear group we verify that $\mathfrak{p}$ is solvable if and only if $M$ is commutative. In the general case $M$ is abelian modulo the center $Z_G$, we indicate the exact structure of $M$ and $P$, and we work out the precise Plancherel Theorem and Fourier Inversion Formulae. This lays the groundwork for comparing tempered representations of $G$ with those indu…
We study the following question: given a locally compact group when does its Fourier algebra coincide with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra consisting of functions vanishing at infinity? We provide sufficient conditions for this to be the case. As an application, we show that when P is the minimal parabolic subgroup in one of the classical simple Lie groups of real rank one or the exceptional such group, then the Fourier algebra of P coincides with the subalgebra of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of P consisting of functions vanishing at infinity. In particular, the regular repre…
In \cite{MR3284482} and \cite{MR3658191}, the twisted standard $\mathcal{L}$-function $\mathcal{L}(s,π,χ,st)$ of a cuspidal representation $ π$ of the exceptional group of type $G_2$ was shown to be represented by a family of new-way Rankin-Selberg integrals. These integrals connect the analytic behaviour of $\mathcal{L}(s,π,χ,st)$ with that of a family of degenerate Eisenstein series $\mathcal{E}_E(χ, f_s, s, g)$ on quasi-split forms $H_E$ of $Spin_8$, induced from Heisenberg parabolic subgroups. The analytic behaviour of the series $\mathcal{E}_E(χ, f_s, s, g)$ in the right half-plane $Re(s)…
Using Cohen's classification of symplectic reflection groups, we prove that the parabolic subgroups, that is, stabilizer subgroups, of a finite symplectic reflection group are themselves symplectic reflection groups. This is the symplectic analogue of Steinberg's Theorem for complex reflection groups. Using computational results required in the proof, we show the non-existence of symplectic resolutions for symplectic quotient singularities corresponding to three exceptional symplectic reflection groups, thus reducing further the number of cases for which the existence question remains open. An…
In this note we construct a "restriction" map from the cocenter of a reductive group G over a local non-archimedean field F to the cocenter of a Levi subgroup. We show that the dual map corresponds to parabolic induction and deduce that parabolic induction preserves stability. We also give a new (purely geometric) proof that the character of normalized parabolic induction does not depend on a parabolic subgroup. In the appendix, we use a similar argument to extend a theorem of Lusztig-Spaltenstein on induced unipotent classes to all infinite fields.
Let G be an exceptional algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p>0 and let H be a subgroup of G. Then following Serre we say H is G-completely reducible or G-cr if, whenever H is contained in a parabolic subgroup P of G, then H is in a Levi subgroup of that parabolic. Building on work of Liebeck and Seitz, we find all triples (X,G,p) such that there exists a closed, connected, simple non-G-cr subgroup H<G with root system X.
We study the quotient of parabolic Deligne-Lusztig varieties by a finite unipotent group U^F where U is the unipotent radical of a rational parabolic subgroup P = L U. We show that in some particular cases the cohomology of this quotient can be expressed in terms of "smaller" parabolic Deligne-Lusztig varieties associated to the Levi subgroup L.
For any Hermitian Lie group $G$ of tube type we give a geometric quantization procedure of certain $K_{\mathbb{C}}$-orbits in $\mathfrak{p}_{\mathbb{C}}^*$ to obtain all scalar type highest weight representations. Here $K_{\mathbb{C}}$ is the complexification of a maximal compact subgroup $K\subseteq G$ with corresponding Cartan decomposition $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}+\mathfrak{p}$ of the Lie algebra of $G$. We explicitly realize every such representation $π$ on a Fock space consisting of square integrable holomorphic functions on its associated variety $Ass(π)\subseteq\mathfrak{p}_{\mathbb{C…
We introduce and study various categories of (equivariant) motives of (versal) flag varieties. We relate these categories with certain categories of parabolic (Demazure) modules. We show that the motivic decomposition type of a versal flag variety depends on the direct sum decomposition type of the parabolic module. To do this we use localization techniques of Kostant-Kumar in the context of generalized oriented cohomology as well as the Rost nilpotence principle for algebraic cobordism and its generic version. As an application, we obtain new proofs and examples of indecomposable Chow motives…
We consider the action of the Levi subgroup of a parabolic subgroup that stabilizes a Schubert variety. We show that a smooth Schubert variety is a homogeneous space for a parabolic subgroup, or it has a smooth Schubert divisor. Further, we show that all smooth Schubert varieties in a (partial) flag variety of a rank two simple algebraic group are spherical.
