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arXiv 0801.1847hep-thastro-phgr-qchep-ph
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宇宙的熵是什么?

What is the entropy of the universe?

Paul Frampton, Stephen D. H. Hsu, Thomas W. Kephart, David Reeb

摘要:

标准计算表明,我们宇宙的熵主要由黑洞控制,它们的熵与它们的普朗克单位面积相当,尽管它们只占总能量的一小部分。统计熵是与系统的宏观性质相一致的微观状态数量的对数,因此是对其精确状态的不确定性的度量。因此,假设黑洞蒸发中存在幺正性,标准结果表明,宇宙未来量子态的最大不确定性来自蒸发黑洞的霍金辐射。然而,天体物理学上黑洞前体物质的熵远小于面积熵。如果幺正性将未来的辐射态与黑洞的前体态联系起来,那么标准的结果就会产生很大的误导,至少对于一个能够区分霍金辐射各个态的观测者来说是这样。

英文摘要:

Standard calculations suggest that the entropy of our universe is dominated by black holes, whose entropy is of order their area in Planck units, although they comprise only a tiny fraction of its total energy. Statistical entropy is the logarithm of the number of microstates consistent with the observed macroscopic properties of a system, hence a measure of uncertainty about its precise state. Therefore, assuming unitarity in black hole evaporation, the standard results suggest that the largest uncertainty in the future quantum state of the universe is due to the Hawking radiation from evaporating black holes. However, the entropy of the matter precursors to astrophysical black holes is enormously less than that given by area entropy. If unitarity relates the future radiation states to the black hole precursor states, then the standard results are highly misleading, at least for an observer that can differentiate the individual states of the Hawking radiation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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