A generalized Hopf algebra structure for the positive (negative) part of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum group of type A_n is established without make any use of the usual deformation of the abelian part of sl_{n+1}.
Associated to each subset $J$ of the nodes $I$ of a Dynkin diagram is a triangular decomposition of the corresponding Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ into three subalgebras $\widetilde{\mathfrak{g}_{J}}$ (generated by $e_{j}$, $f_{j}$ for $j\in J$ and $h_{i}$ for $i\in I$), $\mathfrak{n}^{-}_{D}$ (generated by $f_{d}$, $d\in D=I\setminus J$) and its dual $\mathfrak{n}_{D}^{+}$. We demonstrate a quantum counterpart, generalising work of Majid and Rosso, by exhibiting analogous triangular decompositions of $U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})$ and identifying a graded braided Hopf algebra that quantizes $\mathfrak{n…
In general, quantum matrix algebras are associated with a couple of compatible braidings. A particular example of such an algebra is the so-called Reflection Equation algebra. In this paper we analyse its specific properties, which distinguish it from other quantum matrix algebras (in first turn, from the RTT one). Thus, we exhibit a specific form of the Cayley-Hamilton identity for its generating matrix, which in a limit turns into the Cayley-Hamilton identity for the generating matrix of the enveloping algebra U(gl(m)). Also, we consider some specific properties of the braided Yangians, rece…
We construct a monomial basis of the positive part of the quantized enveloping algebra associated to a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra. As an application we give a simple proof of the existence and uniqueness of the canonical basis of the positive part.
For the Borel part of a quantized enveloping algebra we classify all right coideal subalgebras for which the intersection with the coradical is a Hopf algebra. The result is expressed in terms of characters of the subalgebras $U^+[w]$ of the quantized enveloping algebra, introduced by de Concini, Kac, and Procesi for any Weyl group element $w$. We explicitly determine all characters of $U^+[w]$ building on recent work by Yakimov on prime ideals of $U^+[w]$ which are invariant under a torus action. Key words: Quantum groups, coideal subalgebras
A Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for arbitrary Kac-Moody algebras and arbitrary subsets of the set of simple roots is proven. Moreover, quantum group analogs of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand resolution for symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras are established. For quantized enveloping algebras with fixed complex nonzero deformation parameter q exactness is proven for all q which are not a root of unity.
For quantized universal enveloping algebras we construct weight modules by inducing representations of the centralizer of the Cartan subalgebra in the quantized universal enveloping algebra. The induced modules arising from finite-dimensional weight modules the centralizer algebra are studied. In particular, we study the induction of one-dimensional modules, and this is related to the study of commutative subalgebras of the centralizer algebra. For the special case of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C}))$ we show that we get the admissible unitary representations corresponding to the non-compact …
We introduce an integral form U of the quantized enveloping algebra of sl_2. The algebra U is just large enough so that the quasi-R-matrix is contained in a completion of U\otimes U. We study several completions of the algebra U, and determine their centers. This study is motivated by a study of integrality properties of the quantum sl_2 invariants of links and integral homology spheres.
For a quantized enveloping algebra of a complex semisimple Lie algebra with deformation parameter not a root of unity, we classify all homogeneous right coideal subalgebras. Any such right coideal subalgebra is determined uniquely by a triple consisting of two elements of the Weyl group and a subset of the set of simple roots satisfying some natural conditions. The essential ingredients of the proof are the Lusztig automorphisms and the classification of homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of the Borel Hopf subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras obtained previously by H.-J. Schneider a…
We show that every Lie algebra or superLie algebra has a canonical braiding on it, and that in terms of this its enveloping algebra appears as a flat space with braided-commuting coordinate functions. This also gives a new point of view about $q$-Minkowski space which arises in a similar way as the enveloping algebra of the braided Lie algebra $gl_{2,q}$. Our point of view fixes the signature of the metric on $q$-Minkowski space and hence also of ordinary Minkowski space at $q=1$. We also describe an abstract construction for left-invariant integration on any braided group.
For a class of pointed Hopf algebras including the quantized enveloping algebras, we discuss cleft extensions, cocycle deformations and the second cohomology. We present such a non-standard method of computing the abelian second cohomology that derives information from the non-abelian second cohomology classifying cleft extensions. As a sample computation, a quantum analogue of Whitehead's second lemma for Lie-algebra cohomology is proved.
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the structure of primitively generated connected braided bialgebras $A$ with respect to the braided vector space $P$ consisting of their primitive elements. When the Nichols algebra of $P$ is obtained dividing out the tensor algebra $T(P) $ by the two-sided ideal generated by its primitive elements of degree at least two, we show that $A$ can be recovered as a sort of universal enveloping algebra of $P$. One of the main applications of our construction is the description, in terms of universal enveloping algebras, of connected braided bialgebras who…
We continue our investigation of the general notion of universal enveloping algebra introduced in [A. Ardizzoni, \emph{A Milnor-Moore Type Theorem for Primitively Generated Braided Bialgebras}, J. Algebra \textbf{327} (2011), no. 1, 337--365]. Namely we study when such an algebra is of PBW type, meaning that a suitable PBW type theorem holds. We discuss the problem of finding a basis for a universal enveloping algebra of PBW type: As an application we recover the PBW basis both of an ordinary universal enveloping algebra and of a restricted enveloping algebra. We prove that a universal envelop…
We use the fusion construction in the twisted quantum affine algebras to obtain a unified method to deform the wedge product for classical Lie algebras. As a byproduct we uniformly realize all non-spin fundamental modules for quantized enveloping algebras of classical types, and show that they admit natural crystal bases as modules for the (derived) twisted quantum affine algebra. These crystal bases are parametrized in terms of the $q$-wedge products.
We construct braid group actions on coideal subalgebras of quantized enveloping algebras which appear in the theory of quantum symmetric pairs. In particular, we construct an action of the semidirect product of Z^n and the classical braid group in n strands on the coideal subalgebra corresponding to the symmetric pair (sl_{2n}(C), sp_{2n}(C)). This proves a conjecture by Molev and Ragoucy. We expect similar actions to exist for all symmetric Lie algebras. The given actions are inspired by Lusztig's braid group action on quantized enveloping algebras and are defined explicitly on generators. Br…
In this paper we describe the right coideal subalgebras containing all group-like elements of the two-parameter quantum groups Uq(g) and uq(g), where g is a simple Lie algebra of type G2. As a consequence, we determine that there are precisely 60 different right coideal subalgebras containing all group-like elements.
In this paper, the notion of universal enveloping algebra introduced in [A. Ardizzoni, \emph{A First Sight Towards Primitively Generated Connected Braided Bialgebras}, submitted. (arXiv:0805.3391v3)] is specialized to the case of braided vector spaces whose Nichols algebra is quadratic as an algebra. In this setting a classification of universal enveloping algebras for braided vector spaces of dimension not greater than 2 is handled. As an application, we investigate the structure of primitively generated connected braided bialgebras whose braided vector space of primitive elements forms a Nic…
In the present paper we prove decomposition formulae for the braided symmetric powers of simple modules over the quantized enveloping algebra $U_q(sl_2)$; natural quantum analogues of the classical symmetric powers of a module over a complex semisimple Lie algebra. We show that their point modules form natural non-commutative curves and surfaces and conjecture that braided symmetric algebras give rise to an interesting non-commutative geometry, which can be viewed as a flat deformation of the geometry associated to their classical limits.
We introduce the notion of a braided Lie algebra consisting of a finite-dimensional vector space $\CL$ equipped with a bracket $[\ ,\ ]:\CL\tens\CL\to \CL$ and a Yang-Baxter operator $Ψ:\CL\tens\CL\to \CL\tens\CL$ obeying some axioms. We show that such an object has an enveloping braided-bialgebra $U(\CL)$. We show that every generic $R$-matrix leads to such a braided Lie algebra with $[\ ,\ ]$ given by structure constants $c^{IJ}{}_K$ determined from $R$. In this case $U(\CL)=B(R)$ the braided matrices introduced previously. We also introduce the basic theory of these braided Lie algebras, in…
We define a family of Hopf algebra objects, $H$, in the braided category of $\mathbb{Z}_n$-modules (known as anyonic vector spaces), for which the property $ψ^2_{H\otimes H}=id_{H\otimes H}$ holds. We will show that these anyonic Hopf algebras are, in fact, the enveloping (Hopf) algebras of particular quantum Lie algebras, also with the property $ψ^2=id$. Then we compute the braided periodic Hopf cyclic cohomology of these Hopf algebras. For that, we will show the following fact: analogous to the non-super and the super case, the well known relation between the periodic Hopf cyclic cohomology …
We study certain Poisson structures related to quantized enveloping algebras. In particular, we give a description of the Poisson structure of a certain manifold associated to the ring of differential operators.
Holonomy R-matrices parametrized by finite-dimensional representations are constructed for quantized universal enveloping algebras of simple Lie algebras at roots of 1.
In this paper we study the tensor category structure of the module category of the restricted quantum enveloping algebra associated to $\mathfrak{sl}_2$. Indecomposable decomposition of all tensor products of modules over this algebra is completely determined in explicit formulas. As a by-product, we show that the module category of the restricted quantum enveloping algebra associated to $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ is not a braided tensor category.
A braided bialgebra is called primitively generated if it is generated as an algebra by its space of primitive elements. We prove that any primitively generated braided bialgebra is isomorphic to the universal enveloping algebra of its infinitesimal braided Lie algebra, notions hereby introduced. This result can be regarded as a Milnor-Moore type theorem for primitively generated braided bialgebras and leads to the introduction of a concept of braided Lie algebra for an arbitrary braided vector space.
We give a systematic description of many monomial bases for a given quantized enveloping algebra and of many integral monomial bases for the associated Lusztig $\mathbb Z[v,v^{-1}]$-form. The relations between monomial bases, PBW bases and canonical bases are also discussed.
In this paper, we give defining relations of the affine Lie superalgebras an and defining relations of a super-version of the Drinfeld[D]-Jimbo[J] affine quantized universal enveloping algebras. As a result, we can exactly define the affine quantized universal enveloping superalgebras with generators and relations. Moreover we give a Drinfeld's realizations of $U_h({\hat {sl}}(m|n)^{(1)})$.
The modified quantized enveloping algebra $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ has a remarkable canonical basis, which was introduced by Lusztig. In this paper, we give an explicit description of all elements of the canonical basis of $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ for type $A_{2}$.
We will give an explicit description of the center of the De Concini-Kac type specialization of a quantized enveloping algebra at an even root of unity. The case of an odd root of unity was already dealt with by De Concini-Kac-Procesi. Our description in the even case is similar to but a little more complicated than the odd case.
We study a monoid associated to complex semisimple Lie algebras, called the quantic monoid. Its monoid ring is shown to be isomorphic to a degenerate quantized enveloping algebra. Moreover, we provide normal forms and a straightening algorithm for this monoid. All these results are proved by a realization in terms of representations of quivers, namely as the monoid of generic extensions of a quiver with automorphism.
We obtain a presentation of quantum Schur algebras (over the field Q(v)) by generators and relations. This presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the quantized universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra gl(2). We also locate the ``integral'' form of the quantum Schur algebra within the presented algebra and show it has a basis which is closely related to Lusztig's basis of the integral form of the quantized enveloping algebra.
Let $r,s$ be two parameters chosen from $\C^{\ast}$ such that $r^{m}s^{n}=1$ implies $m=n=0$. We compute the derivations of the two-parameter quantized enveloping algebra $\U$ and calculate its first degree Hochschild cohomology group. We further determine the group of algebra automorphisms for the two-parameter Hopf algebra $\V$. As a result, we determine the group of Hopf algebra automorphisms for $\V$.
Let $\frak{g}$ be a finite dimensional simple complex Lie algebra and $U=U_q(\frak{g})$ the quantized enveloping algebra (in the sense of Jantzen) with $q$ being generic. In this paper, we show that the center $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ of the quantum group $U_q(\frak{g})$ is isomorphic to a monoid algebra, and that $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is a polynomial algebra if and only if $\frak{g}$ is of type $A_1, B_n, C_n, D_{2k+2}, E_7, E_8, F_4$ or $G_2.$ Moreover, in case $\frak{g}$ is of type $D_{n}$ with $n$ odd, then $Z(U_q(\frak{g}))$ is isomorphic to a quotient algebra of a polynomial algebra in $n+1$ vari…
Theory of the quantized flag manifold as a quasi-scheme (non-commutative scheme) has been developed by Lunts-Rosenberg. They have formulated an analogue of the Beilinson-Bernstein correspondence using the $q$-differential operators introduced in their earlier paper. In this paper we shall establish its modified version using a class of $q$-differential operators, which is (possibly) smaller than the one used by Lunts-Rosenberg.
By using cocycle deformation, we construct a certain class of Hopf algebras, containing the quantized enveloping algebras and their analogues, from what we call pre-Nichols algebras. Our construction generalizes in some sense the known construction by (generalized) quantum doubles, but unlike in the known situation, it saves us from difficulties in checking complicated defining relations.
We prove a version of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for the twisted quantized enveloping algebra U'_q(sp_2n). This is a subalgebra of U_q(gl_2n) and a deformation of the universal enveloping algebra U(sp_2n) of the symplectic Lie algebra. We classify finite-dimensional irreducible representations of U'_q(sp_2n) in terms of their highest weights and show that these representations are deformations of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of sp_2n.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a compact simple Lie algebra. We modify the quantized enveloping $^*$-algebra associated to $\mathfrak{g}$ by a real-valued character on the positive part of the root lattice. We study the ensuing Verma module theory, and the associated quotients of these modified quantized enveloping $^*$-algebras. Restricting to the locally finite part by means of a natural adjoint action, we obtain in particular examples of quantum homogeneous spaces in the operator algebraic setting.
We show that for each reduced expression for the longest word in the Weyl group of type A_n, the corresponding cone arising in Lusztig's description of the canonical basis in terms of tight monomials is simplicial, and construct explicit spanning vectors.
It is known that a generalized $q$-Schur algebra may be constructed as a quotient of a quantized enveloping algebra $\UU$ or its modified form $\dot{\UU}$. On the other hand, we show here that both $\UU$ and $\dot{\UU}$ may be constructed within an inverse limit of a certain inverse system of generalized $q$-Schur algebras. Working within the inverse limit $\hat{\UU}$ clarifies the relation between $\dot{\UU}$ and $\UU$. This inverse limit is a $q$-analogue of the linear dual $R[G]^*$ of the coordinate algebra of a corresponding linear algebraic group $G$.
In this paper we construct explicitly natural (from the geometrical point of view) Fock space representations (contragradient Verma modules) of the quantized enveloping algebras. In order to do so, we start from the Gauss decomposition of the quantum group and introduce the differential operators on the corresponding $q$-deformed flag manifold (asuumed as a left comodule for the quantum group) by a projection to it of the right action of the quantized enveloping algebra on the quantum group. Finally, we express the representatives of the elements of the quantized enveloping algebra correspondi…
The set of primitive elements of a Hopf algebra in the braided category of group graded vector spaces (with a commutative group) carry the structure of a generalized Lie algebra. In particular the graded derivations of an associative algebra carry this Lie algebra structure. The Lie multiplications consist of certain n-ary partially defined multiplications satisfying generalized antisymmetry and Jacobi identities. This generalizes the concept of Lie super algebras and Lie color algebras. We show that universal enveloping algebras in the braided category exist. They are (braided) Hopf algebras.…
Let $\mathbf{U}$ be the quantized enveloping algebra and $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ its modified form. Lusztig gives some symmetries on $\mathbf{U}$ and $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$. Since the realization of $\mathbf{U}$ by the reduced Drinfeld double of the Ringel-Hall algebra, one can apply the BGP-reflection functors to the double Ringel-Hall algebra to obtain Lusztig's symmetries on $\mathbf{U}$ and their important properties, for instance, the braid relations. In this paper, we define a modified form $\dot{\mathcal{H}}$ of the Ringel-Hall algebra and realize the Lusztig's symmetries on $\dot{\mathbf{U}}$ b…
We compute the structure of the cohomology ring for the quantized enveloping algebra (quantum group) $U_q$ associated to a finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We show that the cohomology ring is generated as an exterior algebra by homogeneous elements in the same odd degrees as generate the cohomology ring for the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. Partial results are also obtained for the cohomology rings of the non-restricted quantum groups obtained from $U_q$ by specializing the parameter $q$ to a non-zero value $ε\in \mathbb{C}$.
For symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra $\textbf{g}$, Lusztig introduced the modified quantized enveloping algebra $\dot{\textbf{U}}(\textbf{g})$ and its canonical basis in [12]. In this paper, for finite and affine type symmetric Lie algebra $\textbf{g}$ we define a set which depend only on the root category and prove that there is a bijection between the set and the canonical basis of $\dot{\textbf{U}}(\textbf{g})$, where the root category is the $T^2$-orbit category of the derived category of Dynkin or tame quiver. Our method bases on one theorem of Lin, Xiao and Zhang in [9], which gave th…
We present and study two families of polynomials with coefficients in the center of the universal enveloping algebra. These polynomials are analogues of a determinant and a characteristic polynomial of a certain non-commutative matrix, labeled by irreducible representations of gl(n,C). The matrix is an image of the universal R-matrix of a Yangian of gl(n,C) under certain representation. We compute the polynomials explicitly for gl(2,C) and establish connections between the first family of polynomials and higher Capelli identities through some sort of plethysm.
A natural family of quantized matrix algebras is introduced. It includes the two best studied such. Located inside ${\s U}_q(A_{2n-1})$, it consists of quadratic algebras with the same Hilbert series as polynomials in $n^2$ variables. We discuss their general properties and investigate some members of the family in great detail with respect to associated varieties, degrees, centers, and symplectic leaves. Finally, the space of rank r matrices becomes a Poisson submanifold, and there is an associated tensor category of $\rank\leq r$ matrices.
Coideal subalgebras of the quantized enveloping algebra are surveyed, with selected proofs included. The first half of the paper studies generators, Harish-Chandra modules, and associated quantum homogeneous spaces. The second half discusses various well known quantum coideal subalgebras and the implications of the abstract theory on these examples. The focus is on the locally finite part of the quantized enveloping algebra, analogs of enveloping algebras of nilpotent Lie subalgebras, and coideals used to form quantum symmetric pairs. The last family of examples is explored in detail. Connecti…
We show that if $g_Γ$ is the quantum tangent space (or quantum Lie algebra in the sense of Woronowicz) of a bicovariant first order differential calculus over a coquasitriangular Hopf algebra $(A,r)$, then a certain extension of it is a braided Lie algebra in the category of $A$-comodules. This is used to show that the Woronowicz quantum universal enveloping algebra $U(g_Γ)$ is a bialgebra in the braided category of $A$-comodules. We show that this algebra is quadratic when the calculus is inner. Examples with this unexpected property include finite groups and quantum groups with their standar…
We show that the finite-dimensional fundamental module over a quantized affine algebra is isomorphic to a Demazure module of a higest weight module of level one as a module over a quantized classical universal enveloping algebra.
Rota-Baxter algebras and the closely related dendriform algebras have important physics applications, especially to renormalization of quantum field theory. Braided structures provide effective ways of quantization such as for quantum groups. Continuing recent study relating the two structures, this paper considers Rota-Baxter algebras and dendriform algebras in the braided contexts. Applying the quantum shuffle and quantum quasi-shuffle products, we construct free objects in the categories of braided Rota-Baxter algebras and braided dendriform algebras, under the commutativity condition. We f…
Braided doubles provide a unifying framework for classical and quantum universal enveloping algebras and rational Cherednik algebras. They are a class of algebras with triangular decomposition, arising from a deformation problem, the solutions to which are called quasi-Yetter-Drinfeld modules. A basic family of quasi-YD modules is provided by braidings (matrices satisfying the quantum Yang-Baxter equation); these give rise to quantum versions of the Weyl algebra, where the role of polynomial rings is played by Nichols-Woronowicz algebras. Rational Cherednik algebras for t = 0 emerge as subalge…
We obtain a presentation by generators and relations for generalized Schur algebras and their quantizations. This extends earlier results obtained in the type A case. The presentation is compatible with Lusztig's modified form of a quantized enveloping algebra. We show that generalized Schur algebras inherit a canonical basis from the modified form of the quantized enveloping algebra, that this gives them a cellular structure, and thus they are quasihereditary over a field.
Let ${\mathbf U}^-_q$ be the negative part of the quantized enveloping algebra associated to a Kac-Moody algebra ${\mathfrak g}$ of symmetric type, and $\underline{\mathbf U}^-_q$ the algebra corresponding to the orbit algebra ${\mathfrak g}^σ$ obtained from an admissible diagram automorphism $σ$ on ${\mathfrak g}$. Lusztig consructed the canonical basis ${\mathbf B}$ of ${\mathbf U}_q^-$ and the canonical signed basis $\underline{\widetilde{\mathbf B}}$ of $\underline{\mathbf U}_q^-$ by making use of the geometric theory of quivers. He proved that there is a natural bijection $\widetilde{\mat…
Let U be the quantum group associated to a Lie algebra of type A_n. The negative part U^- of U has a canonical basis B defined by Lusztig and Kashiwara, with favourable properties. We show how the spanning vectors of the cones defined by Lusztig when regarded as monomials in Kashiwara's root operators, can be described using a remarkable rectangle combinatorics. We use this to calculate the Lusztig parameters of the corresponding canonical basis elements, conjecturing that translates of these vectors span the simplicial regions of linearity of Lusztig's piecewise-linear function. Keywords: qua…
We describe the prime and primitive spectra for quantized enveloping algebras at roots of 1 in characteristic zero in terms of the prime spectrum of the underlying enveloping algebra. For primitive ideals we obtain an analogue of Duflo's Theorem, which says that every primitive ideal is the annihilator of a simple highest weight module. This depends on an extension of Lusztig's tensor product theorem.
We study the algebra $U_ζ$ obtained via Lusztig's `integral' form [Lu 1, 2] of the generic quantum algebra for the Lie algebra $\frak {g=sl}_2$ modulo the two-sided ideal generated by $K^l-1$. We show that $U_ζ$ is a smash product of the quantum deformation of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\bold u_ζ$ of $\frak g$ and the ordinary universal enveloping algebra $U$ of $\frak g$, and we compute the primitive (= prime) ideals of $\Uz$. Next we describe a decomposition of $\bold u_ζ$ into the simple $U$- submodules, which leads to an explicit formula for the center and the indecomposa…