To any pair ( M , theta ) where M is a family of finite subsets of N compact in the pointwise topology, and 0<theta < 1 , we associate a Tsirelson-type Banach space T_M^theta . It is shown that if the Cantor-Bendixson index of M is greater than n and theta >{1/n} then T_M^theta is reflexive. Moreover, if the Cantor-Bendixson index of M is greater than omega then T_M^theta does not contain any l^p, while if the Cantor-Bendixson index of M is finite thenT_M^theta contains some l^p or c_o . In particular, if M ={ A subset N : |A| leq n } and {1/n}<theta <1 then T_M^theta is isomorphic to some l^p .
A Banach space X is said to have the Tsirelson property if it does not contain subspaces that are isomorphic to l_{p}, p in [1,infty) or c_{0}. The article contains a quite simple method to producing Banach spaces with the Tsirelson property.
We give an expression for the norm of the space constructed by Tsirelson. The implicit equation satisfied by this norm is dual to the implicit equation for the norm of the dual of Tsirelson space given by Figiel and Johnson. The expression can be modified to give the norm of the dual of any mixed Tsirelson space. In particular, our results can be adapted to give the norm for the dual of Schlumprecht space.
Employing a construction of Tsirelson-like spaces due to Argyros and Deliyanni, we show that the class of all Banach spaces which are isomorphic to a subspace of $c_{0}$ is a complete analytic set with respect to the Effros Borel structure of separable Banach spaces. Moreover, the classes of all separable spaces with the Schur property and of all separable spaces with the Dunford-Pettis property are $\mathbfΠ^{1}_{2}$-complete.
We present two new examples of reflexive Banach spaces $X$ for which $\mathscr{B}(X)$ is not a Grothendieck space, namely $X = T$ (the Tsirelson space) and $X = B_p$ (the $p^{\text{th}}$ Baernstein space) for $p\in(1,\infty)$.
Tsirelson's space $\mathcal{T}$ made its appearance in Banach space theory in 1974 soon to become one of the most significant counterexamples in the theory. Its structure broke the ideal pattern that analysts had conceived for a generic Banach space, thus giving rise to the era of pathological examples. Since then, many authors have contributed to the study of different aspects of this special space with an eye on better understanding its idiosyncrasies. In this paper we are concerned with the greedy-type basis structure of $\mathcal{T}$, a subject that had not been previously explored in the …
The class of mixed Tsirelson spaces is an important source of examples in the recent development of the structure theory of Banach spaces. The related class of modified mixed Tsirelson spaces has also been well studied. In the present paper, we investigate the problem of comparing isomorphically the mixed Tsirelson space T[(S_n,θ_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty}] and its modified version T_{M}[(S_{n},θ_{n})_{n=1}^{\infty}]. It is shown that these spaces are not isomorphic for a large class of parameters (θ_{n}).
Any regular mixed Tsirelson space $T(θ_n,S_n)_{\N}$ for which $\frac{θ_n}{θ^n} \to 0$, where $θ=\lim_n θ_n^{1/n}$, is shown to be arbitrarily distortable. Certain asymptotic $\ell_1$ constants for those and other mixed Tsirelson spaces are calculated. Also a combinatorial result on the Schreier families $(S_α)_{α< ω_1}$ is proved and an application is given to show that for every Banach space $X$ with a basis $(e_i)$, the two $Δ$-spectrums $Δ(X)$ and $Δ(X,(e_i))$ coincide.
In this paper, we study minimality properties of partly modified mixed Tsirelson spaces. A Banach space with a normalized basis (e_k) is said to be subsequentially minimal if for every normalized block basis (x_k) of (e_k), there is a further block (y_k) of (x_k) such that (y_k) is equivalent to a subsequence of (e_k). Sufficient conditions are given for a partly modified mixed Tsirelson space to be subsequentially minimal and connections with Bourgain's \ell^{1}-index are established. It is also shown that a large class of mixed Tsirelson spaces fails to be subsequentially minimal in a strong…
Two examples of asymptotic $\ell_{1}$ Banach spaces are given. The first, $X_{u}$, has an unconditional basis and is arbitrarily distortable. The second, $X$, does not contain any unconditional basic sequence. Both are spaces of the type of Tsirelson. We thus answer a question raised by W.T.Gowers.
Suppose that (F_n)_{n=0}^{\infty} is a sequence of regular families of finite subsets of N such that F_0 contains all singletons, and (θ_n)_{n=1}^{\infty} is a nonincreasing null sequence in (0,1). In this paper, we compute the Bourgain \ell^1 - index of the mixed Tsirelson space T(F_0,(θ_n, F_n)_{n=1}^{\infty}). As a consequence, it is shown that if ηis a countable ordinal not of the form ω^ξfor some limit ordinal ξ, then there is a Banach space whose \ell^1-index is ω^η. This answers a question of Judd and Odell.
We present condition on higher order asymptotic behaviour of basic sequences in a Banach space ensuring the existence of bounded non-compact strictly singular operator on a subspace. We apply it in asymptotic $\ell_p$ spaces, $1\leq p<\infty$, in particular in convexified mixed Tsirelson spaces and related asymptotic $\ell_p$ HI spaces.
The main result of this article is a rigidity result pertaining to the spreading model structure for Banach spaces coarsely embeddable into Tsirelson's original space $T^*$. Every Banach space that is coarsely embeddable into $T^*$ must be reflexive and all its spreading models must be isomorphic to $c_0$. Several important consequences follow from our rigidity result. We obtain a coarse version of an influential theorem of Tsirelson: $T^*$ does not coarsely contain $c_0$ nor $\ell_p$ for $p\in[1,\infty)$. We show that there is no infinite dimensional Banach space that coarsely embeds into eve…
In this survey, we present several results related to characterizing the surjective isometries on Banach sequence spaces. Our survey includes full proofs of these characterizations for the classical spaces as well as more recent results for combinatorial Banach spaces and Tsirelson-type spaces. Along the way, we pose many open problems related to the structure of the group of surjective isometries and characterizations of the group of surjective isometries for various Banach spaces.
We prove a general result on complemented unconditional basic sequences in Banach lattices and apply it to give some new examples of spaces with unique unconditional basis. We show that Tsirelson space and certain Nakano spaces have the unique unconditional bases. We also construct an example of a space with a unique unconditional basis with a complemented subspace failing to have a unique unconditional basis.
We consider classical Tsirelson-type norms of $T[A_r,θ]$ and their modified versions on $\ell_p$ spaces. We show that for any $1<p<\infty$ there is a constant $λ_p$ such that considered Tsirelson-type norms do not $λ_p$-distort any of subspaces of $\ell_p$.
If αand βare countable ordinals such that β\neq 0, denote by \tilde{T}_{α,β} the completion of $c_{00}$ with respect to the implicitly defined norm ||x|| = max{||x||_{c_{0}}, 1/2 sup \sum_{i=1}^{j}||E_{i}x||}, where the supremum is taken over all finite subsets E_{1},...,E_{j} of $\mathbb{N}$ such that $E_{1}<...<E_{j}$ and {min E_{1},...,min E_{j}} \in S_β. It is shown that the Bourgain $\ell^{1}$-index of \tilde{T}_{α,β} is ω^{α+β.ω}. In particular, if α=ω^{α_{1}}. m_{1}+...+ω^{α_{n}}. m_{n} in Cantor normal form and α_{n} is not a limit ordinal, then there exists a Banach space whose \ell^{…
Let $\mathscr{B}(X)$ denote the Banach algebra of bounded operators on $X$, where~$X$ is either Tsirelson's Banach space or the Schreier space of order $n$ for some $n\in\mathbb N$. We show that the lattice of closed ideals of~$\mathscr{B}(X)$ has a very rich structure; in particular $\mathscr{B}(X)$ contains at least continuum many maximal ideals. Our approach is to study the closed ideals generated by the basis projections. Indeed, the unit vector basis is an unconditional basis for each of the above spaces, so there is a basis projection $P_N\in\mathscr{B}(X)$ corresponding to each non-empt…
For each $n \in \mathbb{N}$ a Banach space $\mathfrak{X}_{0,1}^n$ is constructed is having the property that every normalized weakly null sequence generates either a $c_0$ or $\ell_1$ spreading models and every infinite dimensional subspace has weakly null sequences generating both $c_0$ and $\ell_1$ spreading models. The space $\mathfrak{X}_{0,1}^n$ is also quasiminimal and for every infinite dimensional closed subspace $Y$ of $\mathfrak{X}_{0,1}^n$, for every $S_1,S_2,\ldots,S_{n+1}$ strictly singular operators on $Y$, the operator $S_1S_2\cdots S_{n+1}$ is compact. Moreover, for every subsp…
In this paper, we study the coarse Lipschitz geometry of Banach spaces with several asymptotic properties. Specifically, we look at asymptotically uniformly smoothness and convexity, and several distinct Banach-Saks-like properties. Among other results, we characterize the Banach spaces which are either coarsely or uniformly homeomorphic to $T^{p_1}\oplus \ldots \oplus T^{p_n}$, where each $T^{p_j}$ denotes the $p_j$-convexification of the Tsirelson space, for $p_1,\ldots,p_n\in (1,\ldots, \infty)$, and $2\not\in\{p_1,\ldots ,p_n\}$. We obtain applications to the coarse Lipschitz geometry of t…
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for amenability of the Banach algebra of approximable operators on a Banach space. We further investigate the relationship between amenability of this algebra and factorization of operators, strengthening known results and developing new techniques to determine whether or not a given Banach space carries an amenable algebra of approximable operators. Using these techniques, we are able to show, among other things, the non-amenability of the algebra of approximable operators on Tsirelson's space.
We formulate general conditions which imply that $L(X,Y)$, the space of operators from a Banach space $X$ to a Banach space $Y$, has $2^{\mathfrak c}$ closed ideals where $\mathfrak c$ is the cardinality of the continuum. These results are applied to classical sequence spaces and Tsirelson type spaces. In particular, we prove that the cardinality of the set of closed ideals in $L(\ell_p\oplus\ell_q)$ is exactly $2^{\mathfrak c}$ for all $1<p<q<\infty$, which in turn gives an alternate proof of the recent result of Johnson and Schechtman that $L(L_p)$ also has $2^{\mathfrak c}$ closed ideals fo…
For every Banach space $X$ with a Schauder basis consider the Banach algebra $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$ of all diagonal operators that are of the form $λI + K$. We prove that $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$ is a Calkin algbra i.e., there exists a Banach space $\mathcal{Y}_X$ so that the Calkin algebra of $\mathcal{Y}_X$ is isomorphic as a Banach algebra to $\mathbb{R} I\oplus\mathcal{K}_\mathrm{diag}(X)$. Among other applications of this theorem we obtain that certain hereditarily indecomposable spaces and the James spaces $J_p$ and their duals endowed wi…
A bounded linear operator between Banach spaces is called {\it completely continuous} if it carries weakly convergent sequences into norm convergent sequences. Isolated is a universal operator for the class of non-completely-continuous operators from $L_1$ into an arbitrary Banach space, namely, the operator from $L_1$ into $\ell_\infty$ defined by $$ T_0 (f) =\left( \int r_n f \, dμ\right)_{n\ge 0} \ , $$ where $r_n$ is the $n^{\text{th}}$ Rademacher function. It is also shown that there does not exist a universal operator for the class of non-completely-continuous operators between two arbit…
We present a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis which is quasi-minimal and tight by range, i.e. of type (4) in Ferenczi-Rosendal list within the framework of Gowers' classification program of Banach spaces, but contrary to the recently constructed space of type (4) also tight with constants, thus essentially extending the list of known examples in Gowers classification program. The space is defined on the base on a boundedly modified mixed Tsirelson space with use of a special coding function.
We study density requirements on a given Banach space that guarantee the existence of subsymmetric basic sequences by extending Tsirelson's well-known space to larger index sets. We prove that for every cardinal $κ$ smaller than the first Mahlo cardinal there is a reflexive Banach space of density $κ$ without subsymmetric basic sequences. As for Tsirelson's space, our construction is based on the existence of a rich collection of homogeneous families on large index sets for which one can estimate the complexity on any given infinite set. This is used to describe detailedly the asymptotic struc…
We prove that weakly unconditionally Cauchy (w.u.C.) series and unconditionally converging (u.c.) series are preserved under the action of polynomials or holomorphic functions on Banach spaces, with natural restrictions in the latter case. Thus it is natural to introduce the unconditionally converging polynomials, defined as polynomials taking w.u.C. series into u.c.\ series, and analogously, the unconditionally converging holomorphic functions. We show that most of the classes of polynomials which have been considered in the literature consist of unconditionally converging polynomials. Then w…
Let $E$ be a Banach space, and $\mathcal B(E)$ the algebra of all bounded linear operators on $E$. The question of amenability of $\mathcal B(E)$ goes back to Johnson's seminal memoir \cite{johnson} from 1972. We present the first general criteria applying to very wide classes of Banach spaces, given in terms of the Banach space geometry of $E$, which imply that $\mathcal B(E)$ is non-amenable. We cover all spaces for which this is known so far (with the exception of one particular example), with much shorter proofs, such as $\ell_p$ for $p \in [1, \infty]$ and $c_0$, but also many new spaces:…
We give a complete classification of mixed Tsirelson spaces T[(F\_i, theta\_i)\_{i=1}^r ] for finitely many pairs of given compact and hereditary families F\_i of finite sets of integers and 0<theta\_i<1 in terms of the Cantor-Bendixson indexes of the families F\_i, and theta\_i (0< i < r+1). We prove that there are unique countable ordinal alpha and 0<theta<1 such that every block sequence of T[(F\_i, theta\_i)\_{i=1}^r ] has a subsequence equivalent to a subsequence of the natural basis of the T(S\_{omega^alpha},theta). Finally, we give a complete criterion of comparison in between two of th…
We extend existing results that characterize isometries on the Tsirelson-type spaces $T\big[\frac{1}{n}, \mathcal{S}_1\big]$ ($n\in \mathbb{N}, n\geq 2$) to the class $T[θ, \mathcal{S}_α]$ ($θ\in \big(0, \frac{1}{2}\big]$, $1\leqslant α< ω_1$), where $\mathcal{S}_α$ denote the Schreier families of order $α$. We prove that every isometry on $T[θ, \mathcal{S}_1]$ ($θ\in \big(0, \frac{1}{2}\big]$) is determined by a permutation of the first $\lceil θ^{-1} \rceil$ elements of the canonical unit basis followed by a possible sign-change of the corresponding coordinates together with a sign-change of…
We study the problem of improving the greedy constant or the democracy constant of a basis of a Banach space by renorming. We prove that every Banach space with a greedy basis can be renormed, for a given $\vare>0$, so that the basis becomes $(1+\vare)$-democratic, and hence $(2+\vare)$-greedy, with respect to the new norm. If in addition the basis is bidemocratic, then there is a renorming so that in the new norm the basis is $(1+\vare)$-greedy. We also prove that in the latter result the additional assumption of the basis being bidemocratic can be removed for a large class of bases. Applicat…
This paper has three parts. First, we establish some of the basic model theoretic facts about $M_{\mathcal{T}}$, the Tsirelson space of Figiel and Johnson \cite{FJ}. Second, using the results of the first part, we give some facts about general Banach spaces. Third, we study model-theoretic dividing lines in some Banach spaces and their theories. In~particular, we show: (1) $M_{\mathcal{T}}$ has the \emph{non independence property} (NIP); (2) every Banach space that is $\aleph_0$-categorical up to small perturbations embeds $c_0$ or $\ell_p$ ($1\leqslant p<\infty$) almost isometrically; consequ…
A well-known open question is whether every countable collection of Lipschitz functions on a Banach space X with separable dual has a common point of Frechet differentiability. We show that the answer is positive for some infinite-dimensional X. Previously, even for collections consisting of two functions this has been known for finite-dimensional X only (although for one function the answer is known to be affirmative in full generality). Our aims are achieved by introducing a new class of null sets in Banach spaces (called $Γ$-null sets), whose definition involves both the notions of category…
Within the class of reflexive Banach spaces, we prove a metric characterization of the class of asymptotic-$c_0$ spaces in terms of a bi-Lipschitz invariant which involves metrics that generalize the Hamming metric on $k$-subsets of $\mathbb{N}$. We apply this characterization to show that the class of separable, reflexive, and asymptotic-$c_0$ Banach spaces is non-Borel co-analytic. Finally, we introduce a relaxation of the asymptotic-$c_0$ property, called the asymptotic-subsequential-$c_0$ property, which is a partial obstruction to the equi-coarse embeddability of the sequence of Hamming g…
A new hierarchy of Banach spaces $T_k(d,θ)$, $k$ any positive integer, is constructed using barriers in high dimensional Ellentuck spaces \cite{DobrinenJSL15} following the classical framework under which a Tsirelson type norm is defined from a barrier in the Ellentuck space \cite{Argyros/TodorcevicBK}. The following structural properties of these spaces are proved. Each of these spaces contains arbitrarily large copies of $\ell_\infty^n$, with the bound constant for all $n$. For each fixed pair $d$ and $θ$, the spaces $T_k(d,θ)$, $k\ge 1$, are $\ell_p$-saturated, forming natural extensions of…
Boris Tsirelson constructed an uncountable family of type III product systems of Hilbert spaces through the theory of Gausian spaces, measure type spaces and `slightly coloured noises', using techniques from probability theory. Here we take a purely functional analytic approach and try to have a better understanding of Tsireleson's construction and his examples. We prove an extension of Shale's theorem connecting symplectic group and Weyl representation. We show that the `Shale map' respects compositions (This settles an old conjecture of K. R. Parthasarathy). Using this we associate a product…
The study of the Banach-Saks property in Banach spaces has a long and illustrious history. Of late, motivated by applications in financial mathematics, interest has arisen in the Banach-Saks type properties with respect to order convergence. This paper presents a study of order Banach-Saks properties in Banach function spaces, and in particular in rearrangement invariant spaces. Among the results obtained, we provide some sufficient conditions for the (weak) order Banach-Saks property. We also characterize the (weak) order Banach-Saks property in Orlicz spaces. It is also shown that the (weak)…
In this paper, we define for the first time the local Morrey-type space associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces and show the related series of properties. In addition, Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator's boundedness is proved. We investigate nonsmooth decomposition of the local Morrey-type space associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces via the Hardy local Morrey-type spaces associated with ball quasi-Banach function spaces. And we consider Hardy operator's boundedness.
In this paper, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of fixed point for partially ordered contraction type operators in Banach Space. We also present applications to integral and differential equations.
The notion of linear Hahn-Banach extension operator was first studied in detail by Heinrich and Mankiewicz (1982). Previously, J. Lindenstrauss (1966) studied similar versions of this notion in the context of non separable reflexive Banach spaces. Subsequently, Sims and Yost (1989) proved the existence of linear Hahn-Banach extension operators via interspersing subspaces in a purely Banach space theoretic set up. In this paper, we study similar questions in the context of Banach modules and module homomorphisms, in particular, Banach algebras of operators on Banach spaces. Based on Dales, Kani…
In this paper we introduce the notion of a Caristi-Banach type $\mathcal{Z}_{R}^{b}$- contraction in the framework of $b$- metric space endowed with a transitive relation that combine the ideas of Caristi type contraction and Banach contraction with a help of simulation function. We present an example to clarify the statement of the given result.
The paper contains Boas-type formulas for trajectories of one-parameter groups of operators in Banach spaces. The results are illustrated using one-parameter groups of operators which appear in representations of Lie groups.
In order to measure qualitative properties we introduce a notion of a type for arbitrary normed spaces which measures the worst possible growth of partial sums of sequences weakly converging to zero. The ideas can be traced back to Banach and Mazur who used this type to compare the so-called linear dimension of classical Banach spaces. As an application we compare the linear dimension and investigate isomorphy of some classical Banach spaces.
We prove a formula for the Szlenk power type of the injective tensor product of Banach spaces with Szlenk index at most $ω$. We also show that the Szlenk power type as well as summability of the Szlenk index are separably determined, and we extend some of our recent results concerning direct sums.
We introduce the wave-front set for distributions with respect to Fourier images of weighted translation invariant Banach function spaces. We prove that usual mapping properties for pseudo-differential operators hold in the context of such wave-front sets.
In the setting of Banach lattices the weak (resp. positive) Grothendieck spaces have been defined. We localize such notions by defining new classes of sets that we study and compare with some quite related different classes. This allows us to introduce and compare the corresponding linear operators.
Using fixed point methods, we prove the generalized Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of ternary homomorphisms, and ternary multipliers in ternary Banach algebras for the Jensen--type functional equation $$f(\frac{x+y+z}{3})+f(\frac{x-2y+z}{3})+f(\frac{x+y-2z}{3})= f(x).$$
We will introduce the countable separation property (CSP) of Banach spaces X, which is defined as follows: For each subset \mathcal{F} of X^{\ast}, which separates X, there exists a countable separating subset \mathcal{F}_{0} of \mathcal{F}. All separable Banach spaces have CSP and plenty of examples of non-separable CSP spaces are provided. Connections of CSP with Markucevic-bases, Corson property and related geometric issues are discussed.
We study Henstock-type integrals for functions defined in a compact metric space $T$ endowed with a regular $σ$-additive measure $μ$, and taking values in a Banach lattice $X$. In particular, the space $[0,1]$ with the usual Lebesgue measure is considered.
We obtain Lebesgue-type inequalities for the greedy algorithm for arbitrary complete seminormalized biorthogonal systems in Banach spaces. The bounds are given only in terms of the upper democracy functions of the basis and its dual. We also show that these estimates are equivalent to embeddings between the given Banach space and certain discrete weighted Lorentz spaces. Finally, the asymptotic optimality of these inequalities is illustrated in various examples of non necessarily quasi-greedy bases.
The concept of Rademacher type $p$ ($1\leq p\leq2$) plays an important role in the local theory of Banach spaces. In \cite{mas88} Mascioni considers a weakening of this concept and shows that for a Banach space $X$ weak Rademacher type $p$ implies Rademacher type $r$ for all $r<p$. As with Rademacher type $p$ and weak Rademacher type $p$, we introduce the concept of Haar type $p$ and weak Haar type $p$ by replacing the Rademacher functions by the Haar functions in the respective definitions. We show that weak Haar type $p$ implies Haar type $r$ for all $r<p$. This solves a problem left open by…
In this paper, we achieve the general solution and the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the following functional equation $$f(x+ky)+f(x-ky)=k^2f(x+y)+k^2f(x-y)+2(1-k^2)f(x)\eqno {2 cm}$$for fixed integers $k$ with $k\neq0,\pm1$ in the quasi-Banach spaces.
There are two main aims of the paper. The first one is to extend the criterion for the precompactness of sets in Banach function spaces to the setting of quasi-Banach function spaces. The second one is to extend the criterion for the precompactness of sets in the Lebesgue spaces $L_p(\mathbb R^n)$, $1 \leq p < \infty$, to the so-called power quasi-Banach function spaces. These criteria are applied to establish compact embeddings of abstract Besov spaces into quasi-Banach function spaces. The results are illustrated on embeddings of Besov spaces $B^s_{p,q}(\mathbb R^n)$, $0<s<1$, $0<p,q\leq \in…
The main focus of this paper is to define the notion of quasi-$(2,β)$-Banach space and show some properties in this new space, by help of it and under some natural assumptions, we prove that the fixed point theorem [16, Theorem 2.1] is still valid in the setting of quasi-$(2,β)$-Banach spaces, this is also an extension of the fixed point result of Brzdęk et al. [12, Theorem 1] in $2$-Banach spaces to quasi-$(2,β)$-Banach spaces. In the next part, we give a general solution of the radical-type functional equation (1.2). In addition, we study the hyperstability results for these functional equat…
