Boris Tsirelson constructed an uncountable family of type III product systems of Hilbert spaces through the theory of Gausian spaces, measure type spaces and `slightly coloured noises', using techniques from probability theory. Here we take a purely functional analytic approach and try to have a better understanding of Tsireleson's construction and his examples.
We prove an extension of Shale's theorem connecting symplectic group and Weyl representation. We show that the `Shale map' respects compositions (This settles an old conjecture of K. R. Parthasarathy). Using this we associate a product system to a sum system. This construction includes the exponential product system of Arveson, as a trivial case, and the type III examples of Tsirelson.
By associating a von Neumann algebra to every `elementary set' in [0,1], in a much simpler and direct way, we arrive at the invariants of the product system introduced by Tsirelson, given in terms of the sum system. Then we introduce a notion of divisibility for a sum system, and prove that the examples of Tsirelson are divisible. It is shown that only type I and type III product systems arise out of divisible sum systems. Finally, we give a sufficient condition for a divisible sum system to give rise to a unitless (type III) product system.
Type III_1 factors arising as (direct summands of) von Neumann algebraic free products are investigated. In particular we compute Connes' Sd- and tau- invariants for those type III_1 factors without any extra assumption.
We introduce a non-symmetric tensor product of representations of UHF algebras by using Kronecker products of matrices. We prove tensor product formulae of GNS representations by product states and show examples.
We prove that any II$_1$ factor arising from a free ergodic probability measure preserving action $Γ\curvearrowright X$ of a product $Γ=Γ_1\times\dots\timesΓ_n$ of icc hyperbolic, free product or wreath product groups is prime, provided $Γ_i\curvearrowright X$ is ergodic, for any $1\leq i\leq n.$ We also completely classify all the tensor product decompositions of a II$_1$ factor associated to a free ergodic probability measure preserving action of a product of icc, hyperbolic, property (T) groups. As a consequence, we derive a unique prime factorization result for such II$_1$ factors. Finally…
In the reduced free product of C*-algebras (A,phi)=(A_1,phi_1)*(A_2,phi_2), A is shown to be purely infinite and simple under the hypothesis that A_1 is the crossed product of a C*-algebra by a discrete infinite group, phi_1 is well behaved with respect to this crossed product and A_2 is not one dimensional.
We show that every topological k-graph constructed from a locally compact Hausdorff space Ω and a family of pairwise commuting local homeomorphisms on Ω satisfying a uniform boundedness condition on the cardinalities of inverse images may be realized as a semigroup crossed product in the sense of Larsen.
The external Kasparov product is used to construct odd and even spectral triples on crossed products of $C^*$-algebras by actions of discrete groups which are equicontinuous in a natural sense. When the group in question is $\Z$ this gives another viewpoint on the spectral triples introduced by Belissard, Marcolli and Reihani. We investigate the properties of this construction and apply it to produce spectral triples on the Bunce-Deddens algebra arising from the odometer action on the Cantor set and some other crossed products of AF-algebras.
We consider crossed product von Neumann algebras arising from free Bogoljubov actions of the integers. We describe several presentations of them as amalgamated free products and cocycle crossed products and give a criterion for factoriality. A number of isomorphism results for free Bogoljubov crossed products are proved, focusing on those arising from almost periodic representations. We complement our isomorphism results by rigidity results yielding non-isomorphic free Bogoljubov crossed products and by a partial characterisation of strong solidity of a free Bogoljubov crossed products in term…
We prove that if $Γ$ is an icc irreducible lattice in a product of connected non-compact rank one simple Lie groups with finite center, then the II$_1$ factor $L(Γ)$ is prime. In particular, we deduce that the II$_1$ factors associated to the arithmetic groups $\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb Z[\sqrt{d}])$ and $\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb Z[S^{-1}])$ are prime, for any square-free integer $d\geq 2$ with $d\not\equiv 1 mod{4}$ and any finite non-empty set of primes $S$. This provides the first examples of prime II$_1$ factors arising from lattices in higher rank semisimple Lie groups. More generally, we describe…
Two conjectures about homology groups, K-groups and topological full groups of minimal etale groupoids on Cantor sets are formulated. We verify these conjectures for many examples of etale groupoids including products of etale groupoids arising from one-sided shifts of finite type. Furthermore, we completely determine when these product groupoids are mutually isomorphic. Also, the abelianization of their topological full groups are computed. They are viewed as generalizations of the higher dimensional Thompson groups.
Examples of simple, separable, unital, purely infinite $C^*$--algebras are constructed, including: (1) some that are not approximately divisible; (2) those that arise as crossed products of any of a certain class of $C^*$--algebras by any of a certain class of non--unital endomorphisms; (3) those that arise as reduced free products of pairs of $C^*$--algebras with respect to any from a certain class of states.
In this paper we introduce a new family of icc groups $Γ$ which satisfy the following product rigidity phenomenon, discovered in [DHI16] (see also [dSP17]): all tensor product decompositions of the II$_1$ factor $L(Γ)$ arise only from the canonical direct product decompositions of the underlying group $Γ$. Our groups are assembled from certain HNN-extensions and amalgamated free products and include many remarkable groups studied throughout mathematics such as graph product groups, poly-amalgam groups, Burger-Mozes groups, Higman group, various integral two-dimensional Cremona groups, etc. As …
In this paper, we give examples of maximal amenable subalgebras of the free group factor of two generators. More precisely, we consider two copies of the hyperfinite factor $R_i$ of type $\mathrm{II}_1$. From each $R_i$, we take a Haar unitary $u_i$ which generates a Cartan subalgebra of it. We show that the von Neumann subalgebra generated by the self-adjoint operator $u_1+u_1^{-1}+u_2+u_2^{-1}$ is maximal amenable in the free product. This provides infinitely many non-unitary conjugate maximal amenable MASAs.
We show that every sum system is divisible. Combined with B. V. R. Bhat and R. Srinivasan's result, this shows that every product system arising from a sum system (and every generalized CCR flow) is either of type I or type III. A necessarily and sufficient condition for such a product system to be of type I is obtained.
Certain reduced free products of C*-algebras, (A,phi)=(A_1,phi_1)*(A_2,ϕ_2), taken with respect to faithful states, at least one of which is not a trace, are shown to be purely infinite and simple. It is assumed that one of the A_i contain a partial isometry in the spectral subspace of phi_i corresponding to a positive number not equal to one. For example, if A_1 and A_2 are copies of the two-by-two complex matrices and if phi_1 and phi_2 are not unitarily conjugate, it is shown that A is simple and purely infinite.
We study conditions that will ensure that a crossed product of a C*-algebra by a discrete exact group is purely infinite (simple or non-simple). We are particularly interested in the case of a discrete non-amenable exact group acting on a commutative C*-algebra, where our sufficient conditions can be phrased in terms of paradoxicality of subsets of the spectrum of the abelian C*-algebra. As an application of our results we show that every discrete countable non-amenable exact group admits a free amenable minimal action on the Cantor set such that the corresponding crossed product C*-algebra is…
In this article we study property (T) groups arising from Rips construction in geometric group theory in the spirit of \cite{CDK19} and certain inductive limit groups from this class. Using interplay between Popa's deformation/rigidity and methods in geometric group theory we are able to extend the class of groups considered in \cite{CDK19} that remembers semidirect product features while passing to the group von Neumann algebras. Combining these results with the method developed in \cite{CDHK20} we are able to produce more examples of property (T) group factors with trivial fundamental group.…
We show that any infinite collection $(Γ_n)_{n\in \mathbb N}$ of icc, hyperbolic, property (T) groups satisfies the following von Neumann algebraic \emph{infinite product rigidity} phenomenon. If $Λ$ is an arbitrary group such that $L(\oplus_{n\in \mathbb N} Γ_n)\cong L(Λ)$ then there exists an infinite direct sum decomposition $Λ=(\oplus_{n \in \mathbb N} Λ_n )\oplus A$ with $A$ icc amenable such that, for all $n\in \mathbb N$, up to amplifications, we have $L(Γ_n) \cong L(Λ_n)$ and $L(\oplus_{k\geq n} Γ_k )\cong L((\oplus_{k\geq n} Λ_k) \oplus A)$. The result is sharp and complements the pre…
We study amenable minimal Cantor systems of free groups arising from the diagonal actions of the boundary actions and certain Cantor systems. It is shown that every virtually free group admits continuously many amenable minimal Cantor systems whose crossed products are mutually non-isomorphic Kirchberg algebras in the UCT class (with explicitly determined K-theory). The technique developed in our study also enables us to compute the K-theory of certain amenable minimal Cantor systems. We apply it to the diagonal actions of the boundary actions and the products of the odometer transformations, …
We show that the mathematical structures in a recent work of Bultinck-Mariena-Williamson-Sahinoglu-Haegemana-Verstraete are the same as those of flat symmetric bi-unitary connections and the tube algebra in subfactor theory. More specifically, a system of flat symmetric bi-unitary connections arising from a subfactor with finite index and finite depth satisfies all their requirements for tensors and the tube algebra for such a subfactor and the anyon algebra for such tensors are isomorphic up to the normalization constants. Furthermore, the matrix product operator algebras arising from tensors…
In the quest in constructing conformal field theories (CFT) Jones has discovered a beautiful and deep connection between CFT, Richard Thompson's groups and knot theory. This led to a powerful functorial framework for constructing actions of particular groups arising from categories such as Thompson's groups and braid groups. In particular, given a group and two of its endomorphisms one can construct a semidirect product where the largest Thompson's group $V$ is acting. These semidirect products have remarkable diagrammatic descriptions which were previously used to provide new examples of grou…
The direct sum ${\cal O}_{*}$ of all Cuntz algebras has a non-cocommutative comultiplication $Δ_φ$ such that there exists no antipode of any dense subbialgebra of the C$^{*}$-bialgebra $({\cal O}_{*},Δ_φ)$. From states equations of ${\cal O}_{*}$ with respect to the tensor product, we construct an operator $W$ for $({\cal O}_{*},Δ_φ)$ such that $W^{*}$ is an isometry, $W(x\otimes I)W^{*}=Δ_φ(x)$ for each $x\in {\cal O}_{*}$ and $W$ satisfies the pentagon equation.
