Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve of genus $g \geq 2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$. Given a semistable vector bundle $E$ over $X$, we show that its direct image $F\_*E$ under the Frobenius map $F$ of $X$ is again semistable. We deduce a numerical characterization of the stable rank-$p$ vector bundles $F\_*L$, where $L$ is a line bundle over $X$.
Here we consider the set of bundles $\{V_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ associated to the plane trinomial curves $k[x,y,z]/(h)$. We prove that the Frobenius semistability behaviour of the reduction mod $p$ of $V_n$ is a function of the congruence class of $p$ modulo $2λ_h$ (an integer invariant associated to $h$). As one of the consequences of this, we prove that if $V_n$ is semistable in characteristic 0, then its reduction mod $p$ is strongly semistable, for $p$ in a Zariski dense set of primes. Moreover, for any given finitely many such semistable bundles $V_n$, there is a common Zariski dense set of such …
We study Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity of non-singular curves in positive characteristic. We analyse the relationship between the Frobenius semistability of the kernel sheaf associated with the curve and its ample line bundle, and the HK multiplicity. This leads to a lower bound, achieved iff the kernel sheaf is Frobenius semistable, and otherwise to formulas for the HK multiplicity in terms of parameters measuring the failure of Frobenius semistability. As a byproduct, an explicit example of a vector bundle on a curve is given whose $n$-th iterated Frobenius pullback is not semistable, while its …
We construct the first non-trivial examples of complete families of non-degenerate smooth space curves, and show that the base of such a family cannot be a rational curve. Both results rely on the study of the strong semistability of certain vector bundles.
Let $C$ be a smooth irreducible projective curve and $E$ be a rank 2 stable vector bundle on $C$. Then one can associate a rank 4 vector bundle $\mathcal{F}_2(E)$ on $S^2(C)$, second symmetric power of $C$. Our goal in this article is to study semistability of this bundle.
We give a cohomological criterion for a parabolic vector bundle on a curve to be semistable. It says that a parabolic vector bundle $E$ with rational parabolic weights is semistable if and only if there is another parabolic vector bundle $F$ with rational parabolic weights such that the cohomologies of the vector bundle underlying the para- bolic tensor product $E \otimes F$ vanish. This criterion generalizes the known semistability criterion of Faltings for vector bundles on curves and significantly improves the result in [Bis07].
Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University(清华大学丘成桐数学科学中心);Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications(北京雁栖湖应用数学研究院)
本文研究曲线上的Higgs束强半稳定性,证明 genus ≤1 时半稳定Higgs束必强半稳定,而 genus ≥2 时构造了大秩非强半稳定的例子,补充了Lan-Sheng-Yang-Zuo和Langer的定理。
Let $X$ be a normal projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of positive characteristic. Let $G$ be a connected reductive group defined over $k$. We prove that some Frobenius pull back of a principal $G$-bundle admits the canonical reduction $E_P$ such that its extension by $P\to P/R_u(P)$ is strongly semistable. Then we show that there is only a small difference between semistability of a principal $G$-bundle and semistability of its Frobenius pull back. This and the boundedness of the family of semistable torsion free sheaves imply the boundedness of semistable princ…
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$, $X$ a smooth projective variety over $k$ with a fixed ample divisor $H$. Let $E$ be a rational $GL_n(k)$-bundle on $X$, and $ρ:GL_n(k)\rightarrow GL_m(k)$ a rational $GL_n(k)$-representation at most degree $d$ such that $ρ$ maps the radical $R(GL_n(k))$ of $GL_n(k)$ into the radical $R(GL_m(k))$ of $GL_m(k)$. We show that if $F_X^{N*}(E)$ is semistable for some integer $N\geq\max\limits_{0<r<m}C^r_m\cdot\log_p(dr)$, then the induced rational $GL_m(k)$-bundle $E(GL_m(k))$ is semistable. As an application, if $\dim X=n$, we get a …
Let M be a complex projective manifold with the property that for any compact Riemann surface C and holomorphic map f: C -> M the pullback of the tangent bundle of M is semistable. We prove that in this case M is a curve or a finite etale quotient of an abelian variety answering a conjecture of I. Biswas.
We consider all complex projective manifolds X that satisfy at least one of the following three conditions: 1. There exists a pair $(C ,φ)$, where $C$ is a compact connected Riemann surface and $φ: C\to X$ a holomorphic map, such that the pull back $φ^*TX$ is not semistable. 2. The variety $X$ admits an étale covering by an abelian variety. 3. The dimension $\dim X \leq 1$. We conjecture that all complex projective manifolds are of the above type, and prove that the following classes are among those that are of the above type. i) All $X$ with a finite fundamental group. ii) All $X$ such that t…
Let $X$ be the Jacobian of a genus 2 curve $\widetilde{\mathcal{C}}$ over $\mathbb{C}$ and $Y$ be the associated Kummer surface. Consider an ample line bundle $L=O(m\widetilde{\mathcal{C}})$ on $X$ for an even number $m$, and its descent to $Y$, say $L'$. We show that any dominating component of $\mathcal{W}^1_{d}(|L'|)$ corresponds to $μ_{L'}$-stable Lazarsfeld-Mukai bundles on $Y$. Further, for a smooth curve $C \in |L|$ and a base-point free $g^1_d$ on $C$, say $(A,V)$, we study the $μ_L$-semistability of the rank-2 Lazarsfeld-Mukai bundle associated to $(C,(A,V))$ on $X$. Under certain ass…
We give an example of a strongly semistable vector bundle of rank two on the projective plane such that there exist smooth curves of arbitrary high degree with the property that the restriction of the bundle to the curve is not strongly semistable anymore. This shows that a Bogomolov type restriction theorem does not hold for strong semistability in positive characteristic.
According to Miyaoka, a vector bundle E on a smooth projective curve is semistable if and only if a certain numerical class in the projectivized bundle PE is nef. We establish a similar criterion for the semistability of Higgs bundles: namely, such a bundle is semistable if and only if for every integer s between 0 and the rank of E, a suitable numerical class in the scheme parametrizing the rank s locally-free Higgs quotients of E is nef. We also extend this result to higher-dimensional complex projective varieties by showing that the nefness of the above mentioned classes is equivalent to th…
Let $(E,φ)$ be decorated vector bundle of type $(a,b,c,N)$ on a smooth projective curve $X$. There is a suitable semistability condition for such objects which has to be checked for any weighted filtration of $E$. We prove, at least when $a=2$, that it is enough to consider filtrations of length less or equal than two. In this case decorated bundles are very close to quadric bundles and to check semistability condition one can just consider the former. A similar result for L-twisted bundles and quadric bundles was already proved. Our proof provides an explicit algorithm which requires a destab…
Previously, many people have studied a stability of vector bundles of given rank and Chern classes on algebraic varieties. Recently, we are interested in the slope stability of the rank 2 Lazarsfeld-Mukai bundle $E_{C,Z}$ on a K3 surface $X$ associated to a very ample smooth curve $C$ on $X$ and a base point free pencil $Z$ on $C$ with respect to $\mathcal{O}_X(C)$. In this paper, we will give a sufficient condition for such a Lazarsfeld-Mukai bundle $E_{C,Z}$ to be $\mathcal{O}_X(C)$-slope semistable by ACM line bundles with respect to $\mathcal{O}_X(C)$.
Studying degenerations of moduli spaces of semistable principal bundles on smooth curves leads to the problem of constructing and studying moduli spaces on singular curves. In this note, we will see that the moduli spaces of $δ$-semistable pseudo bundles on a nodal curve constructed by the first author become, for large values of $δ$, the moduli spaces for semistable singular principal bundles. The latter are reasonable candidates for degenerations and a potential basis of further developments as on irreducible nodal curves. In particular, we find a notion of semistability for principal bundle…
We show that for any stable sheaf $E$ of slope $> 2g-1$ on a smooth, projective curve of genus $g$, the associated Picard sheaf $\hat{E}$ on the Picard variety of the curve is stable. We introduce a homological tool for testing semistability of Picard sheaves.
We establish GIT semistability of the 2nd Hilbert point of every Gieseker-Petri general canonical curve by a simple geometric argument. As a consequence, we obtain an upper bound on slopes of general families of Gorenstein curves. We also explore the question of what replaces hyperelliptic curves in the GIT quotients of the Hilbert scheme of canonical curves.
Let $C$ be a smooth complex irreducible projective curve of genus $g$ with general moduli, and let $(L,H^0(L))$ be a generated complete linear series of type $(d,r+1)$ over $C$. The syzygy bundle, denoted by $M_L$, is the kernel of the evaluation map $H^0(L)\otimes\mathcal O_C\to L$. In this work we have a double purpose. The first one is to give new examples of stable syzygy bundles admitting theta divisor over general curves. We prove that if $M_L$ is strictly semistable then $M_L$ admits reducible theta divisor. The second purpose is to study the cohomological semistability of $M_L$, and in…
Given a vector bundle $E$ on a complex reduced curve $C$ and a subspace $V$ of $H^0(E)$ which generates $E$, one can consider the kernel of the evaluation map $ev_V:V\otimes \mathcal{O}_C\to E$, i.e. the {\it kernel bundle } $M_{E,V}$ associated to the pair $(E,V)$. Motivated by a well known conjecture of Butler about the semistability of $M_{E,V}$ and by the results obtained by several authors when the ambient space is a smooth curve, we investigate the case of a curve with one node. Unexpectedly, we are able to prove results which goes in the opposite direction with respect to what is known …
We establish a relation between minimal value set polynomials defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$ and certain $q$-Frobenius nonclassical curves. The connection leads to a characterization of the curves of type $g(y)=f(x)$, whose irreducible components are $q$-Frobenius nonclassical. An immediate consequence will be the realization of rich sources of new $q$-Frobenius nonclassical curves.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve over the complex numbers. To every representation $ρ\colon \GL(r)\lra \GL(V)$ of the complex general linear group on the finite dimensional complex vector space $V$ which satisfies the assumption that there be an integer $α$ with $ρ(z \id_{\C^r})=z^α\id_V$ for all $z\in\C^*$ we associate the problem of classifying triples $(E,L,ϕ)$ where $E$ is a vector bundle of rank $r$ on $X$, $L$ is a line bundle on $X$, and $ϕ\colon E_ρ\lra L$ is a non trivial homomorphism. Here, $E_ρ$ is the vector bundle of rank $\dim V$ associated to $E$ via $ρ$. If we take, for exa…
Let $Y \to B$ be a relative smooth projective curve over an affine integral base scheme $B$ of positive characteristic. We provide for all prime characteristics example classes of vector bundles $\mathcal{S}$ over $Y$ such that $\mathcal{S}$ is generically strongly semistable and semistable but not strongly semistable for some special fibre. This also provides new examples of the behaviour of Hilbert-Kunz multiplicities in geometric families.
In 1990, Hefez and Voloch proved that the number of $F_q$-rational points on a nonsingular plane $q$-Frobenius nonclassical curve of degree $d$ is $N = d(q-d+2)$. We address these curves in the singular setting. In particular, we prove that $d(q-d + 2)$ is a lower bound on the number of $F_q$-rational points on such curves of degree $d$.
For each integer $s\geq 1$, we present a family of curves that are $\mathbb{F}_q$-Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of plane curves of degree s. In the case $s = 2$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for such curves to be $\mathbb{F}_q$-Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of conics. In the $\mathbb{F}_q$-Frobenius nonclassical cases, we determine the exact number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points. In the remaining cases, an upper bound for the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points will follow from Stöhr-Voloch theory.
In this paper we give an upper bound on the number of rational points on an irreducible curve $C$ of degree $δ$ defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ lying on a Frobenius classical surface $S$ embedded in $\mathbb{P}^3$. This leads us to investigate arithmetic properties of curves lying on surfaces. In a certain range of $δ$ and $q$, our result improves all other known bounds in the context of space curves.
For Fermat curves $\mathcal{F}:aX^n+bY^n=Z^n$ defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for $\mathcal{F}$ to be $\mathbb{F}_q$-Frobenius nonclassical with respect to the linear system of plane cubics. In the $\mathbb{F}_q$-Frobenius nonclassical cases, we determine explicit formulas for the number $N_q(\mathcal{F})$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points on $\mathcal{F}$. For the remaining Fermat curves, nice upper bounds for $N_q(\mathcal{F})$ are immediately given by the Stöhr-Voloch Theory.
We show how a type of multi-Frobenius nonclassicality of a curve defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of characteristic $p$ reflects on the geometry of its strict dual curve. In particular, in such cases we may describe all the possible intersection multiplicities of its strict dual curve with the linear system of hyperplanes. Among other consequence, using a result by Homma, we are able to construct nonreflexive space curves such that their tangent surfaces are nonreflexive as well, and the image of a generic point by a Frobenius map is in its osculating hyperplane. We also obtain gener…
We determine the distribution of Galois points for plane curves over a finite field of $q$ elements, which are Frobenius nonclassical for different powers of $q$. This family is an important class of plane curves with many remarkable properties. It contains the Dickson-Guralnick-Zieve curve, which has been recently studied by Giulietti, Korchmaros, and Timpanella from several points of view. A problem posed by the second author in the theory of Galois points is modified.
Vector bundles in positive characteristics have a tendency to be destabilized after pulling back by the Frobenius morphism. In this paper, we closely examine vector bundles over curves that are, in an appropriate sense, maximally destabilized by the Frobenius morphism. Then we prove that such bundles of rank 2 exist over any curve in characteristic 3, and are unique up to twisting by a line bundle. We also give an application of such bundles to the study of ample vector bundles, which is valid in all characteristics.
Let $(E,V)$ be a general generated coherent system of type $(n,d,n+m)$ on a general non-singular irreducible complex projective curve. A conjecture of D. C. Butler relates the semistability of $E$ to the semistability of the kernel of the evaluation map $V\otimes \mathcal{O}_X\to E$. The aim of this paper is to obtain results on the existence of generated coherent systems and use them to prove Butler's Conjecture in some cases. The strongest results are obtained for type $(2,d,4)$, which is the first previously unknown case.
We identify several classes of curves $C:f=0$, for which the Hilbert vector of the Jacobian module $N(f)$ can be completely determined, namely the 3-syzygy curves, the maximal Tjurina curves and the nodal curves, having only rational irreducible components. A result due to Hartshorne, on the cohomology of some rank 2 vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^2$, is used to get a sharp lower bound for the initial degree of the Jacobian module $N(f)$, under a semistability condition.
Let $X$ be a smooth proper genus 2 curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. The absolute Frobenius induces a rational map $F$ on the the moduli space $M\_X$ of semi-stable rank 2 vector bundles over $X$, which is isomorphic to a 3-dimensional projective space. Y. Laszlo and C. Pauly recently gave the equations of $F$ for an ordinary $X$. Using deformation, we give these equations for a supersingular $X$ and draw some consequences such as the base locus of $F$ (one point), or the stability of the complementary Zariski open set.
We provide a new proof of the following result: Let $X$ be a variety of finite type over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic 0, let $Z\subset X$ be a proper closed subset. There exists a modification $f:X_1 \rar X$, such that $X_1$ is a quasi-projective nonsingular variety and $Z_1 = f^{-1}(Z)_\red$ is a strict divisor of normal crossings. Needless to say, this theorem is a weak version of Hironaka's well known theorem on resolution of singularities. Our proof has the feature that it builds on two standard techniques of algebraic geometry: semistable reduction for curves, and t…
Let X be a smooth projective curve of genus g \textgreater{}1 defined over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p \textgreater{}0. For p sufficiently large (explicitly given in terms of r,g) we construct an atlas for the locus of all Frobenius-destabilized bundles (i.e. we construct all Frobenius-destabilized bundles of degree zero up to isomorphism). This is done by exhibiting a surjective morphism from a certain Quot-scheme onto the locus of stable Frobenius-destabilized bundles. Further we show that there is a bijective correspondence between the set of stable vector bundles E …
We use the theory of p-curvature of connections to analyze stable vector bundles of rank 2 on curves of genus 2 which pull back to unstable bundles under the Frobenius morphism. We take two approaches, first using explicit formulas for p-curvature to analyze low-characteristic cases, and then using degeneration techniques to obtain an answer for a general curve by degenerating to an irreducible rational nodal curve, and applying the results of math.AG/0409145 and math.AG/0407445. We also apply our explicit formulas to give a new description of the strata of curves of genus 2 of different p-ran…
Let X be a general proper and smooth curve of genus 2 (resp. of genus 3) defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p. When 3\leq p \leq 7, the action of Frobenius on rank 2 semi-stable vector bundles with trivial determinant is completely determined by its restrictions to the 30 lines (resp. the 126 Kummer surfaces) that are invariant under the action of some order 2 line bundle over X. Those lines (resp. those Kummer surfaces) are closely related to the elliptic curves (resp. the abelian varieties of dimension 2) that appear as the Prym varieties associated to double étale …
Let $X = \mathbb{P}(E_1) \times_C \mathbb{P}(E_2)$ where $C$ is a smooth curve and let $E_1$, $E_2$ be vector bundles over $C$. In this paper, we extend the results in \cite{K-M-R} by computing the nef cone of $X$ without restriction on the rank or semistability of $E_1$ and $E_2$. We also study the Seshadri constants of ample line bundles on $X$. We calculate the Seshadri constants in some cases and give bounds in some of the remaining cases.
Let X be a projective curve of genus 2 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. The Frobenius map on X induces a rational map on the moduli scheme of rank-2 bundles. We show that up to isomorphism, there is only one (up to tensoring by an order two line bundle) semi-stable vector bundle of rank 2 (with determinant equal to a theta characteristic) whose Frobenius pull-back is not semi-stable. The indeterminacy of the Frobenius map at this point can be resolved by introducing Higgs bundles.
Let X be a smooth projective curve of genus g \geq 2 over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p > 0. Let M_X be the moduli space of semistable rank-2 vector bundles over X with trivial determinant. The relative Frobenius map F: X \to X_1 induces by pull-back a rational map V: M_{X_1} \to M_{X}. In this paper we show the following results. 1) For any line bundle L over X, the rank-p vector bundle F_*L is stable. 2) The rational map V has base points, i.e., there exist stable bundles E over X_1 such that F^* E is not semistable. 3) Let B \subset M_{X_1} denote the scheme-theoretica…
Let $X$ be genus 2 curve defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ and let $X\_1$ be its $p$-twist. Let $M\_X$ (resp. $M\_{X\_1}$) be the (coarse) moduli space of semi-stable rank 2 vector bundles with trivial determinant over $X$ (resp. $X\_1$). The moduli space $M\_X$ is isomorphic to the 3-dimensional projective space and is endowed with an action of the group $J[2]$ of order 2 line bundles over $X$. When $3\leq p \leq 7$, we show that the Verschiebung (i.e., the separable part of the action of Frobenius by pull-back) $V : M\_{X\_1} \dashrightarrow M\_X$ is completely…
Let $X$ be a projective curve of genus 2 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2. The Frobenius map on X induces a rational map on the moduli space of rank-2 bundles. We show that up to isomorphism, there is only one (up to tensoring by an order two line bundle) semi-stable vector bundle of rank 2 with determinant equal to a theta characteristic whose Frobenius pull-back is not stable. The indeterminacy of the Frobenius map at this point can be resolved by introducing Higgs bundles.
In this paper, we introduce a family of hyper-elliptic curves. For this family we compute the matrix of the divided Frobenius and we obtain general formulas. We use a recent results of Huyghe-Wach : the divided Frobenius coincides with the morphism built by Deligne-Illusie in 1987.
We prove that a generic canonically or bicanonically embedded smooth curve has semistable m-th Hilbert points for all m. We also prove that a generic bicanonically embedded smooth curve has stable m-th Hilbert points for all m \geq 3. In the canonical case, this is accomplished by proving finite Hilbert semistability of special singular curves with G_m-action, namely the canonically embedded balanced ribbon and the canonically embedded balanced double A_{2k+1}-curve. In the bicanonical case, we prove finite Hilbert stability of special hyperelliptic curves, namely Wiman curves. Finally, we giv…
By using Christol and Mebkhout's algebrization and finiteness theorem, we prove that in the case of smooth curves, Berthelot's strongest conjecture on the stability of holonomicity is still valid without Frobenius structure but under some non-Liouville type hypotheses.
Let $E$ be a vector bundle over a smooth curve $C$, and $S = \mathbb{P} E$ the associated projective bundle. We describe the inflectional loci of certain projective models $ψ\colon S \dashrightarrow \mathbb{P}^n$ in terms of Quot schemes of $E$. This gives a geometric characterisation of the Segre invariant $s_1 (E)$, which leads to new geometric criteria for semistability and cohomological stability of bundles over $C$. We also use these ideas to show that for general enough $S$ and $ψ$, the inflectional loci are all of the expected dimension. An auxiliary result, valid for a general subvarie…