We investigate which Weyl groups have a Coxeter presentation and which of them at least have the presentation by conjugation with respect to their root system. For most concepts of root systems the Weyl group has both. In the context of extended affine root systems (EARS) there is a small subclass allowing a Coxeter presentation of the Weyl group and a larger subclass allowing the presentation by conjugation. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for both classes. Our results entail that every extended affine Weyl group (EAWeG) has the presentation by conjugation with respect to a suitable EARS.
Hayashi property for conjugation quandles over finite Coxeter groups
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur（印度技术学院乔德普尔分校）；School of Advanced Engineering, UPES（UPES高级工程学院）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali（印度科学教育与研究学院莫哈利分校）
Here we provide three new presentations of Coxeter groups type $A$, $B$, and $D$ using prefix reversals (pancake flips) as generators. We prove these presentations are of their respective groups by using Tietze transformations on the presentations to recover the well known presentations with generators that are adjacent transpositions.
We apply the techniques of symmetric generation to establish the standard presentations of the finite simply laced irreducible finite Coxeter groups, that is the Coxeter groups of types An, Dn and En, and show that these are naturally arrived at purely through consideration of certain natural actions of symmetric groups. We go on to use these techniques to provide explicit representations of these groups.
We introduce the notion of two-dimensional Coxeter system and show that parabolic subgroups of GL_n(F_2) can be described by an appropriate two-dimensional Coxeter system.
We derive presentations of the interval groups related to all quasi-Coxeter elements in the Coxeter group of type $D_n$. Type $D_n$ is the only infinite family of finite Coxeter groups that admits proper quasi-Coxeter elements. The presentations we obtain are over a set of generators in bijection with what we call a Carter generating set, and the relations are those defined by the related Carter diagram together with a twisted or a cycle commutator relator, depending on whether the quasi-Coxeter element is a Coxeter element or not. The proof is based on the description of two combinatorial tec…
If $(W,S)$ is a right-angled Coxeter system and $W$ has no $\mathbb Z^3$ subgroups, then it is shown that the absence of an elementary separation property in the presentation diagram for $(W,S)$ implies all CAT(0) spaces acted on geometrically by $W$ have locally connected CAT(0) boundary. It was previously known that if the presentation diagram of a general right-angled Coxeter system satisfied the separation property then all CAT(0) spaces acted on geometrically by $W$ have non-locally connected boundary. In particular, this gives a complete classification of the right-angled Coxeter groups …
The OGS for non-abelian groups is an interesting generalization of the basis of finite abelian groups. The definition of OGS states that every element of a group has a unique presentation as a product of some powers of specific generators of the group, in a specific given order. In case of the symmetric groups Sn there is a paper of R. Shwartz, which demonstrates a strong connection between the OGS and the standard Coxeter presentation of the symmetric group, which is called the standard OGS of Sn. In this paper we generalize the standard OGS of Sn to the finite classical Coxeter group Bn. We …
The following results are proved: The center of any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is trivial; Any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group cannot be expressed as a product of two nontrivial subgroups. These two theorems imply a unique decomposition theorem for a class of Coxeter groups. We also obtain that the orbit of each element other than the identity under the conjugation action in an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is an infinite set. This implies that an irreducible, infinite Coxeter group i…
A Coxeter system is an ordered pair (W,S) where S is the generating set in a particular type of presentation for the Coxeter group W. A subgroup of W is called special if it is generated by a subset of S. Amalgamated product decompositions of a Coxeter group having special factors and special amalgamated subgroup are easily recognized from the presentation of the Coxeter group. If a Coxeter group is a subgroup of the fundamental group of a given graph of groups, then the Coxeter group is also the fundamental group of a graph of special subgroups, where each vertex and edge group is a subgroup …
The OGS for non-abelian groups is an interesting generalization of the basis of finite abelian groups. The definition of OGS states that every element of a group has a unique presentation as a product of some powers of specific generators of the group, in a specific given order. In case of the symmetric groups Sn there is a paper of R. Shwartz, which demonstrates a strong connection between the OGS and the standard Coxeter presentation of the symmetric group, which is called the standard OGS of Sn. In this paper we generalize the standard OGS of Sn to the finite classical Coxeter group Dn. We …
A solution of the isomorphism problem is presented for the class of Coxeter groups W that have a finite set of Coxeter generators S such that the underlying graph of the presentation diagram of the system (W,S) has the property that every cycle of length at least four has a cord. As an application, we construct counterexamples to two main conjectures concerning the isomorphism problem for Coxeter groups.
We consider presentations that were derived in \cite{BaumeisterNeaimeRees} for the interval groups associated with proper quasi-Coxeter elements of the Coxeter group $W(D_n)$. We use combinatorial methods to derive alternative presentations for the groups, and use these new presentations to show that the interval group associated with a proper quasi-Coxeter element of $W(D_n)$ cannot be isomorphic to the Artin group of type $D_n$. While the specific problems we solve arise from the study of interval groups, their solution provides an illustration of how techniques indicated by computational ob…
We compute Aut(W) for any even Coxeter group whose Coxeter diagram is connected, contains no edges labeled 2, and cannot be separated into more than 2 connected components by removing a single vertex. The description is given explicitly in terms of the given presentation for the Coxeter group and admits an easy characterization of those groups W for which Out(W) is finite.
We introduce the notion of a conjugation-free geometric presentation for a fundamental group of a line arrangement's complement, and we show that the fundamental groups of the following family of arrangements have a conjugation-free geometric presentation: A real arrangement L, whose graph of multiple points is a union of disjoint cycles, has no line with more than two multiple points, and where the multiplicities of the multiple points are arbitrary. We also compute the exact group structure (by means of a semi-direct product of groups) of the arrangement of 6 lines whose graph consists of a …
A conjugation-free geometric presentation of a fundamental group is a presentation with the natural topological generators $x_1, ..., x_n$ and the cyclic relations: $x_{i_k}x_{i_{k-1}} ... x_{i_1} = x_{i_{k-1}} ... x_{i_1} x_{i_k} = ... = x_{i_1} x_{i_k} ... x_{i_2}$ with no conjugations on the generators. We have already proved that if the graph of the arrangement is a disjoint union of cycles, then its fundamental group has a conjugation-free geometric presentation. In this paper, we extend this property to arrangements whose graphs are a disjoint union of cycle-tree graphs. Moreover, we stu…
Presentations are computed for a braided version BV of Thompson's group V and for V itself showing that there is an Artin group/Coxeter group relation between them. The presentation for V is obtained from that for BV by declaring all that all generators are involutions.
In a recent paper, Barot and Marsh presented an explicit construction of presentation of a finite Weyl group by any seed of corresponding cluster algebra, i.e. by any diagram mutation-equivalent to an orientation of a Dynkin diagram with given Weyl group. Extending their construction to the affine case, we obtain presentations for all affine Coxeter groups. Furthermore, we generalize the construction to the settings of diagrams arising from unpunctured triangulated surfaces and orbifolds, which leads to presentations of corresponding groups as quotients of numerous distinct Coxeter groups.
Let $G$ be a discrete Coxeter group, $G^+$ its alternating subgroup and $\tilde{G}^+$ the spinor cover of $G^+$. A presentation of the groups $G^+$ and $\tilde{G}^+$ is proved for an arbitrary Coxeter system $(G,S)$; the generators are related to edges of the Coxeter graph. Results of the Coxeter--Todd algorithm - with this presentation - for the chains of alternating groups of types A, B and D are given.
In 1974 Orin Chein discovered a new family of Moufang loops which are now called Chein loops. Such a loop can be created from any group $W$ together with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ by a variation on a semi-direct product. We study these loops in the case where $W$ is a Coxeter group and show that it has what we call a Chein-Coxeter system, a small set of generators of order 2, together with a set of relations closely related to the Coxeter relations and Chein relations. As a result we are able to give amalgam presentations for Coxeter-Chein loops. This is to our knowledge the first such presentation for a…
The higher-dimensional Thompson groups $nV$, for $n \geq 2$, were introduced by Brin in 2005. We provide new presentations for each of these infinite simple groups. The first is an infinite presentation, analogous to the Coxeter presentation for the finite symmetric group, with generating set equal to the set of transpositions in $nV$ and reflecting the self-similar structure of $n$-dimensional Cantor space. We then exploit this infinite presentation to produce further finite presentations that are considerably smaller than those previously known.
This paper studies the rigidity properties of the abstract commensurator of the outer automorphism group of a universal Coxeter group of rank $n$, which is the free product $W_n$ of $n$ copies of $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. We prove that for $n\geq 5$ the natural map $\mathrm{Out}(W_n) \to \mathrm{Comm}(\mathrm{Out}(W_n))$ is an isomorphism and that every isomorphism between finite index subgroups of $\mathrm{Out}(W_n)$ is given by a conjugation by an element of $\mathrm{Out}(W_n)$.
Birman, Ko and Lee have introduced a new monoid ${\cal B}^{*}_{n}$--with an explicit presentation--whose group of fractions is the $n$-strand braid group ${\cal B}_{n}$. Building on a new approach by Digne, Michel and himself, Bessis has defined a {\it dual} braid monoid for every finite Coxeter type Artin-Tits group extending the type A case. Here, we give an explicit presentation for this dual braid monoid in the case of types B and D, and we study the combinatorics of the underlying Garside structures.
For a Coxeter system (G,S) the multi-parametric alternating subalgebra H^+(G) of the Hecke algebra and the alternating subgroup B^+(G) of the braid group are defined. Two presentations for H^+(G) and B^+(G) are given; one generalizes the Bourbaki presentation for the alternating subgroups of Coxeter groups, another one uses generators related to edges of the Coxeter graph.
We consider a generalization of the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups for some non-abelian groups, which is called OGS. First, we consider the dihedral group, which is a non-abelian extension of an abelian group by an involution. Then, we focus on a special case, where the abelian group is cyclic, which is the two-generated Coxeter group I{2}(m). We mention interesting connections between the reduced Coxeter presentation and a particular OGS canonical presentation, which we call the standard OGS canonical presentation. These connections motivate us to offer a generalizat…
The fundamental group of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement plays an important role in studying the corresponding arrangements. In particular, for large families of hyperplane arrangements, this fundamental group, being isomorphic to the fundamental group of a complement of a line arrangement, has some remarkable properties: either it is a direct sum of free groups and a free abelian group, or it has a conjugation-free geometric presentation. In this paper, we first give a complete proof to the following key lemma: if we draw a new line through only one intersection point of a given re…
There were defined by R. Shwartz OGS for non-abelian groups, as an interesting generalization of the basis of finite abelian groups. The definition of OGS states that that every element of a group has a unique presentation as a product of some powers of the OGS, in a specific given order. In case of the symmetric groups S_{n} there is a paper of R. Shwartz, which demonstrates a strong connection between the OGS and the standard Coxeter presentation of the symmetric group. The OGS presentation helps us to find the Coxeter length and the descent set of an arbitrary element of the symmetric group…
We provide a complete description of the presentations of the interval groups related to quasi-Coxeter elements in finite Coxeter groups. In the simply laced cases, we show that each interval group is the quotient of the Artin group associated with the corresponding Carter diagram by the normal closure of a set of twisted cycle commutators, one for each 4-cycle of the diagram. Our techniques also reprove an analogous result for the Artin groups of finite Coxeter groups, which are interval groups corresponding to Coxeter elements. We also analyse the situation in the non-simply laced cases, whe…
A right-angled Coxeter group is a group with a given set of generators of order two, subject only to the relations that certain pairs of the generators commute. Various papers have shown how homological properties of the Coxeter group are related to homological properties of the simplicial complex whose simplices are the sets of commuting generators. Using these techniques, we construct torsion-free groups which are Poincare duality groups over some rings but not over others, and a group whose integral cohomological dimension is finite but strictly greater than its cohomological dimension over…
Starting from the observation that the standard presentation of a virtual braid group mixes the standard presentation of the corresponding braid group with the standard presentation of the corresponding symmetric group and some mixed relations that mimic the action of the symmetric group on its root system, we define a virtual Artin group $VA[Γ]$ of a Coxeter graph $Γ$ mixing the standard presentation of the Artin group $A[Γ]$ with the standard presentation of the Coxeter group $W[Γ]$ and some mixed relations that mimic the action of $W[Γ]$ on its root system. By definition we have two epimorp…
We investigate the class of root systems R obtained by extending an irreducible root system by a torsion-free group G. In this context there is a Weyl group W and a group U with the presentation by conjugation. We show under additional hypotheses that the kernel of the natural homomorphism from U to W is isomorphic to the kernel of the homomorphism from the abelianization of U to that of W. For this we introduce the concept of a symmetric system, a discrete version of the concept of a symmetric space. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 20F55, 17B65, 17B67, 22E65, 22E40. Key Words and Phr…
We give a criterion of the existence of a presentation with a single relation for the commutator subgroup $RC_{\mathscr{K}}'$ of a right-angled Coxeter group $RC_{\mathscr{K}}$. Namely, we prove that $RC_{\mathscr{K}}'$ is a one-relator group if and only if $\mathscr{K}$ is either a $p$-cycle with $p\geqslant4$ or has the form ($p$-cycle)$*Δ^q$ with $p\geqslant4$ and $g\geqslant0$, where $Δ^q$ is a $q$-simplex.
We study global fixed points for actions of Coxeter groups on nonpositively curved singular spaces. In particular, we consider property FA_n, an analogue of Serre's property FA for actions on CAT(0) complexes. Property FA_n has implications for irreducible representations and complex of groups decompositions. In this paper, we give a specific condition on Coxeter presentations that implies FA_n and show that this condition is in fact equivalent to FA_n for n=1 and 2. As part of the proof, we compute the Gersten-Stallings angles between special subgroups of Coxeter groups.
A common feature of Coxeter groups and right-angled Artin groups is their solution to the word problem. Matthew Dyer introduced a class of groups, which we call Dyer groups, sharing this feature. This class includes, but is not limited to, Coxeter groups, right-angled Artin groups, and graph products of cyclic groups. We introduce Dyer groups by giving their standard presentation and show that they are finite index subgroups of Coxeter groups. We then introduce a piecewise Euclidean cell complex $Σ$ which generalizes the Davis-Moussong complex and the Salvetti complex. The construction of $Σ$ …
We give a new presentation of the braid group $B$ of the complex reflection group $G(e,e,r)$ which is positive and homogeneous, and for which the generators map to reflections in the corresponding complex reflection group. We show that this presentation gives rise to a Garside structure for $B$ with Garside element a kind of generalised Coxeter element, and hence obtain solutions to the word and conjugacy problems for $B$.
In the present paper we define dual monoids for all Artin-Tits groups and we prove that for the type $\tilde A_n$ we get a (quasi)-Garside structure. Such a structure provides normal forms for the Artin-Tits group elements and allows to solve some questions such as to determine the centralizer of a power of the Coxeter element in the Artin-Tits group. More precisely, if $W$ is a Coxeter group, one can consider the length $l_R$ on $W$ with respect to the generating set $R$ consisting of all reflections. Let $c$ be a Coxeter element in $W$ and let $P_c$ be the set of elements $p\in W$ such that …
We consider both standard and twisted action of a (real) Coxeter group G on the complement M_G to the complexified reflection hyperplanes by combining the reflections with complex conjugation. We introduce a natural geometric class of special involutions in G and give explicit formulae which describe both actions on the total cohomology H(M_G,C) in terms of these involutions. As a corollary we prove that the corresponding twisted representation is regular only for the symmetric group S_n, the Weyl groups of type D_{2m+1}, E_6 and dihedral groups I_2 (2k+1) and that the standard action has no a…
Let $X$ be the surface $\T\times\T$ where $\T$ is the complex torus. This paper is the third in a series, studying the fundamental group of the Galois cover of $X$ \wrt a generic projection onto $\C¶^2$. Van Kampen Theorem gives a presentation of the fundamental group of the complement of the branch curve, with 54 generators and more than 2000 relations. Here we introduce a certain natural quotient (obtained by identifying pairs of generators), prove it is a quotient of a Coxeter group related to the degeneration of $X$, and show that this quotient is virtually nilpotent.
A generic finite presentation defines a word hyperbolic group whose boundary is homeomorphic to the Menger curve. In this article, we produce the first known examples of non-hyperbolic $CAT(0)$ groups whose visual boundary is homeomorphic to the Menger curve. The examples in question are the Coxeter groups whose nerve is a complete graph on $n$ vertices for $n\geq 5$. The construction depends on a slight extension of Sierpiński's theorem on embedding $1$--dimensional planar compacta into the Sierpiński carpet. See the appendix for a brief erratum.
We consider the question of determining whether a given group (especially one generated by involutions) is a right-angled Coxeter group. We describe a group invariant, the involution graph, and we characterize the involution graphs of right-angled Coxeter groups. We use this characterization to describe a process for constructing candidate right-angled Coxeter presentations for a given group or proving that one cannot exist. We provide some first applications. In addition, we provide an elementary proof of rigidity of the defining graph for a right-angled Coxeter group. We also recover a resul…
