J. F. Le Gall, M. Merle
We derive the asymptotic behavior of the occupation measure of the unit ball, for super-Brownian motion started from the Dirac measure at a distant point x and conditioned to hit the unit ball. In the critical dimension d=4, we obtain a limiting exponential distribution for the ratio of the occupation measure over log(|x|).
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We study properties of occupation times by Brownian excursions and Brownian loops in two-dimensional domains. This allows for instance to interpret some Gaussian fields, such as the Gaussian Free Fields as (properly normalized) fluctuations of the total occupation time of a Poisson cloud of Brownian excursions when the intensity of the cloud goes to infinity.
We prove a conditional local limit theorem for discrete-time fractional Brownian motions (dfBm) with Hurst parameter 3/4<H<1. Using results from infinite ergodic theory it is then shown that the properly scaled occupation time of dfBm converges to a Mittag-Leffler distribution.
We prove second order limit laws for (additive) functionals of the $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H=\frac{1}{d}$, using the method of moments, extending the Kallianpur-Robbins law.
Asymptotics of Brownian occupation measures with unusually large intersections
研究布朗运动在大交集条件下占用测度的弱收敛性，通过大偏差原理证明其密度为Gagliardo-Nirenberg不等式优化解的平方，推导了无条件布朗运动占用测度的紧致大偏差原理，并证明了倾斜后的大偏差原理。
Sticky Brownian motion on the real line can be obtained as a weak solution of a system of stochastic differential equations. We find the conditional distribution of the process given the driving Brownian motion, both at an independent exponential time and at a fixed time t>0. As a classical problem, we find the distribution of the occupation times of a half-line, and at 0, which is the sticky point for the process.
A simple random walk and a Brownian motion are considered on a spider that is a collection of half lines (we call them legs) joined in the origin. We give a strong approximation of these two objects and their local times. For fixed number of legs we establish limit theorems on local and occupation times in n steps.
In this paper we establish the existence of a square integrable occupation density for two classes of stochastic processes. First we consider a Gaussian process with an absolutely continuous random drift, and secondly we handle the case of a (Skorohod) integral with respect to the fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H>\frac 12$. The proof of these results uses a general criterion for the existence of a square integrable local time, which is based on the techniques of Malliavin calculus.
We derive the probability density function of the positive occupation time of one-dimensional Brownian motion with two-valued drift. Long time asymptotics of the density are also computed. We use the result to describe the transitional probability density function of a general N-dimensional system of stochastic differential equations representing stochastically perturbed sliding motion of a discontinuous, piecewise-smooth vector field on short time frames. A description of the density at larger times is obtained via an asymptotic expansion of the Fokker-Planck equation.
Brownian particles controlled by their occupation measure
本文针对布朗粒子的有限时间水平线性二次随机控制问题，推导占据测度流的Itô公式以得到Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程，借助Feynman-Kac公式和Boué-Dupuis公式构造最优策略与轨迹，并在代价函数为粒子香肠体积时验证结果。
An open problem of interest, first infused into the applied probability community in the work of Bingham and Doney in 1988, (see \cite{Bingham}) is stated as follows: find the distribution of the quadrant occupation time of planar Brownian motion. In this short communication, we study an alternate formulation of this longstanding open problem: let $X(t), Y(t), t \geq 0$ be standard Brownian motions starting at $x,y$ respectively. Find the distribution of the total time $T=Leb\{t \in [0,1]: X(t) \times Y(t) >0\}$, when $x=y=0$, i.e., the occupation time of the union of the first and third quadr…
We study the transformed path measure arising from the self-interaction of a three-dimensional Brownian motion via an exponential tilt with the Coulomb energy of the occupation measures of the motion by time $t$. The logarithmic asymptotics of the partition function were identified in the 1980s by Donsker and Varadhan [DV83-P] in terms of a variational formula. Recently [MV14] a new technique for studying the path measure itself was introduced, which allows for proving that the normalized occupation measure asymptotically concentrates around the set of all maximizers of the formula. In the pre…
We are making corrections and acknowledging colleagues that pointed out mistakes in our recent paper titled "Occupation and local times for skew Brownian motion with applications to dispersion across an interface" which was published in Annals of Applied Probability (2011) 21(1) 183-214. Specifically the corrections are: 1. The restriction of $γ$ to non negative values in Theorem 1.3 is not needed. But one has probabilistic interpretation only when $γ$ is non negative. 2. State the correct formulas in Corollary 3.3 as their were computational errors in the original formulas. We thank Pierre Et…
Stochastic processes time-changed by an inverse subordinator have been suggested as a way to model the price of assets in illiquid markets, where the jumps of the subordinator correspond to periods of time where one is unable to sell an asset. We develop an excursion theory for time-changed reflected Brownian motion and use this to express the price of certain European options with Parisian barrier condition in terms of solutions of a time-fractional PDE. We provide a general description of the occupation measures of time-changed processes and use this to prove a Ray-Knight theorem for the occ…
Wasserstein Asymptotics for Brownian Motion on the Flat Torus and Brownian Interlacements
本文研究了平坦环面上布朗运动占据测度的最优运输成本大时间行为，建立了基于布朗交织问题的全局上界，并猜想该界紧致且技术可推广至加权黎曼流形上的扩散过程。
Occupation times and areas derived from random sampling
本文利用随机抽样与组合视角证明球面（分数）Brown运动正占据面积均匀分布，并初等证明 Lévy 第二反正弦定律，进而刻画所有 Lévy 过程的占据时间分布。
Occupation time of a system of Brownian particles on the line with steplike initial condition
本文研究阶梯状初始条件下非相互作用布朗粒子在正半轴占据时间的统计特性，发现系统具有长期记忆效应，并通过解析计算与重要性采样蒙特卡洛模拟验证了退火和淬火分布的大偏差行为。
Tied-down renewal processes are generalisations of the Brownian bridge, where an event (or a zero crossing) occurs both at the origin of time and at the final observation time $t$. We give an analytical derivation of the two-time correlation function for such processes in the Laplace space of all temporal variables. This yields the exact asymptotic expression of the correlation in the Porod regime of short separations between the two times and in the persistence regime of large separations. We also investigate other quantities, such as the backward and forward recurrence times, as well as the …
This note concerns distributions of Skew Brownian motion with dry friction and its occupation time. These distributions were obtained in [2] by using the Laplace transform and joint characteristic functions. We provide an alternative approach to deriving these distributions. Our approach is based on using the results for Skew Brownian motion obtained in [3].
Let $D_N$ be the set of points around which a planar Brownian motion winds at least $N$ times. We prove that the random measure on the plane with density $2 πN 1_{D_N}$ with respect to the Lebesgue measure converges almost surely weakly, as $N$ tends to infinity, towards the occupation measure of the Brownian motion.
Trivariate distribution of sticky Brownian motion
本研究推导了一维粘性布朗运动位置、原点局部时与正占用时间的三元分布闭式表达式，填补了相关文献空白并修正了部分错误。
Let $B$ denote the range of the Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ ($d\geq3$). For a deterministic Borel measure $ν$ on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ we wish to find a random measure $μ$ such that the support of $μ$ is contained in $B$ and it is a solution to the equation $E(μ(A))=ν(A)$ for every Borel set $A$. We discuss when it is possible to find a solution $μ$ and in that case we construct the solution. We study several properties of $μ$ such as the probability of $μ\neq0$ and we establish a formula for the expectation of the double integral with respect to $μ\timesμ$. We calculate $μ$ in terms of the…
Scaling limit of the occupation measure of random walk cut points
本文研究二维和三维立方晶格上简单随机游走割点的占据测度，证明其弱拓扑下的标度极限为基于闵可夫斯基容度定义的布朗割点自然分形测度。
Starting with a Brownian motion, we define and study a novel diffusion process by combining stickiness and oscillation properties. The associated stochastic differential equation, resolvent and semigroup are provided. Also the trivariate density of position, local time and occupation time of this diffusion is obtained explicitly. Furthermore, we give a construction of two Brownian motions with drift and scaling whose difference is an oscillating sticky Brownian motion, up to a multiplicative constant.
In this paper, we establish a universal variational characterization of the non-martingale components associated with weakly differentiable Wiener functionals in the sense of Leão, Ohashi and Simas. It is shown that any Dirichlet process (in particular semimartingales) is a differential form w.r.t Brownian motion driving noise. The drift components are characterized in terms of limits of integral functionals of horizontal-type perturbations and first-order variation driven by a two-parameter occupation time process. Applications to a class of path-dependent rough transformations of Brownian pa…
In proving large deviation estimates, the lower bound for open sets and upper bound for compact sets are essentially local estimates. On the other hand, the upper bound for closed sets is global and compactness of space or an exponential tightness estimate is needed to establish it. In dealing with the occupation measure $L_t(A)=\frac{1}{t}\int_0^t{\1}_A(W_s) \d s$ of the $d$ dimensional Brownian motion, which is not positive recurrent, there is no possibility of exponential tightness. The space of probability distributions $\mathcal {M}_1(\R^d)$ can be compactified by replacing the usual topo…
Functional limit theorems are presented for the rescaled occupation time fluctuations process of a critical finite variance branching particle system in $R^d$ with symmetric a-stable motion starting off from either a standard Poisson random field or from the equilibrium distribution for intermediate dimensions a<d<2a. The limit processes are determined sub-fractional and fractional Brownian motion respectively.
We prove large deviations principles in large time, for the Brownian occupation time in random scenery. The random scenery is constant on unit cubes, and consist of i.i.d. bounded variables, independent of the Brownian motion. This model is a time-continuous version of Kesten and Spitzer's random walk in random scenery. We prove large deviations principles in ``quenched'' and ``annealed'' settings.
Convergence rate of the occupation measure of classes of ergodic processes toward their invariant distribution in mean Wasserstein distance
本文扩展了Fournier和Guillin的方法，为更广泛的平稳混合过程类提供了保持相同收敛速度的通用准则，并应用于非平稳或非马尔可夫的遍历过程的occupation measure。
We prove that the total range of Super-Brownian motion with quadratic branching mechanism has an exact packing measure with respect to the gauge function $g(r)=r^4 (\log \log1/r)^{-3}$ in super-critical dimensions $d\geq 5$. More precisely, we prove that the total occupation measure of Super-Brownian motion is equal to the $g$-packing measure restricted to its range, up to a deterministic multiplicative constant that only depends on space dimension $d$.
The strong $L^2$-approximation of occupation time functionals is studied with respect to discrete observations of a $d$-dimensional càdlàg process. Upper bounds on the error are obtained under weak assumptions, generalizing previous results in the literature considerably. The approach relies on regularity for the marginals of the process and applies also to non-Markovian processes, such as fractional Brownian motion. The results are used to approximate occupation times and local times. For Brownian motion, the upper bounds are shown to be sharp up to a log-factor.
We show that the Brydges-Fröhlich-Spencer-Dynkin and the Le Jan's isomorphisms between the Gaussian free fields and the occupation times of symmetric Markov processes generalize to the $β$-Dyson's Brownian motion. For $β\in\{1,2,4\}$ this is a consequence of the Gaussian case, however the relation holds for general $β$. We further raise the question whether there is an analogue of $β$-Dyson's Brownian motion on general electrical networks, interpolating and extrapolating the fields of eigenvalues in matrix-valued Gaussian free fields. In the case $n=2$ we give a simple construction.
We are interested in the analysis of Gibbs measures defined on two independent Brownian paths in $\mathbb R^d$ interacting through a mutual self-attraction. This is expressed by the Hamiltonian $\int\int_{\mathbb R^{2d}} V(x-y) μ(d x)ν(d y)$ with two probability measures $μ$ and $ν$ representing the occupation measures of two independent Brownian motions. We will be interested in class of potentials $V$ which are {\it{singular}}, e.g., Dirac or Coulomb type interactions in $\mathbb R^3$, or the correlation function of the parabolic Anderson problem with white noise potential. The mutual intera…
We prove functional limits theorems for the occupation time process of a system of particles moving independently in $R^d$ according to a symmetric $α$-stable Lévy process, and starting off from an inhomogeneous Poisson point measure with intensity measure $μ(dx)=(1+|x|^γ)^{-1}dx,γ>0$, and other related measures. In contrast to the homogeneous case $(γ=0)$, the system is not in equilibrium and ultimately it vanishes, and there are more different types of occupation time limit processes depending on arrangements of the parameters $γ, d$ and $α$. The case $γ<d<α$ leads to an extension of fractio…
Let B_1,B_2, ... be independent one-dimensional Brownian motions defined over the whole real line such that B_i(0)=0. We consider the nth iterated Brownian motion W_n(t)= B_n(B_{n-1}(...(B_2(B_1(t)))...)). Although the sequences of processes (W_n) do not converge in a functional sense, we prove that the finite-dimensional marginals converge. As a consequence, we deduce that the random occupation measures of W_n converge towards a random probability measure μ_\infty. We then prove that μ_\infty almost surely has a continuous density which must be thought of as the local time process of the infi…
Optimal estimation of local time and occupation time measure for an α-stable Levy process
本研究针对α∈(1,2)的α-稳定Lévy过程，提出基于高频数据条件期望的L²最优局部时与占用时测度估计方法，证明了稳定中心极限定理，拓展了布朗运动情形下的已有结果。
We condition a Brownian motion with arbitrary starting point $y \in \mathbb{R}$ on spending at most $1$ time unit below $0$ and provide an explicit description of the resulting process. In particular, we provide explicit formulas for the distributions of its last zero $g=g^y$ and of its occupation time $Γ=Γ^y$ below $0$ as functions of $y$. This generalizes a result of Benjamini and Berestycki from 2011, which covers the special case $y=0$. Additionally, we study the behavior of the distributions of $g^y$ and $Γ^y$, respectively, for $y \to \pm\infty$.
Occupation time fluctuation limits of particle systems in R^d with independent motions (symmetric stable Levy process, with or without critical branching) have been studied assuming initial distributions given by Poisson random measures (homogeneous and some inhomogeneous cases). In this paper, with d=1 for simplicity, we extend previous results to a wide class of initial measures obeying a quasi-homogeneity property, which includes as special cases homogeneous Poisson measures and many deterministic measures (simple example: one atom at each point of Z), by means of a new unified approach. In…
The Markov property of local times of Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree
该研究针对布朗树索引布朗运动模型，证明密度及其导数构成的二元组为时间齐次马尔可夫过程，还得到一维超布朗运动局部时的类似结果，方法基于该模型的游程理论。
Classical arcsine law states that fraction of occupation time on the positive or the negative side in Brownian motion does not converge to a constant but converges in distribution to the arcsine distribution. Here, we consider how a preparation of the system affects the arcsine law, i.e., aging of the arcsine law. We derive aging distributional theorem for occupation time statistics in Brownian motion, where the ratio of time when measurements start to the measurement time plays an important role in determining the shape of the distribution. Furthermore, we show that this result can be general…
In this paper we study the sojourn time on the positive half-line up to time $ t $ of a drifted Brownian motion with starting point $ u $ and subject to the condition that $ \min_{ 0\leq z \leq l} B(z)> v $, with $ u > v $. This process is a drifted Brownian meander up to time $ l $ and then evolves as a free Brownian motion. We also consider the sojourn time of a bridge-type process, where we add the additional condition to return to the initial level at the end of the time interval. We analyze the weak limit of the occupation functional as $ u \downarrow v $. We obtain explicit distributiona…
We derive the joint density of a Skew Brownian motion, its last visit to the origin, local and occupation times. The result is applied to option pricing in a two valued local volatility model and in a displaced diffusion model with constrained volatility.
In this paper we study three self-similar, long-range dependence, Gaussian processes. The first one, with covariance \int_0^{s\wedge t} u^a [(t-u)^b+(s-u)^b]du, parameters a>-1, -1<b\leq 1, |b|\leq 1+a, corresponds to fractional Brownian motion for a=0, -1<b<1. The second one, with covariance (2-h)(s^h+t^h-[(s+t)^h +|s-t|^h]/2), parameter 0<h\leq 4, corresponds to sub-fractional Brownian motion for 0<h<2. The third one, with covariance -(s^2\log s + t^2\log t -[(s+t)^2 \log (s+t) +(s-t)^2 \log |s-t|]/2), is related to the second one. These processes come from occupation time fluctuations of ce…
There is a close connection between intersections of Brownian motion paths and percolation on trees. Recently, ideas from probability on trees were an important component of the multifractal analysis of Brownian occupation measure, in joint work with A. Dembo, J. Rosen and O. Zeitouni. As a consequence, we proved two conjectures about simple random walk in two dimensions: The first, due to Erdős and Taylor (1960), involves the number of visits to the most visited lattice site in the first $n$ steps of the walk. The second, due to Aldous (1989), concerns the number of steps it takes a simple ra…
We consider mean-field interactions corresponding to Gibbs measures on interacting Brownian paths in three dimensions. The interaction is self-attractive and is given by a singular Coulomb potential. The logarithmic asymptotics of the partition function for this model were identified in the 1980s by Donsker and Varadhan [6] in terms of the {\it{Pekar variational formula}}, which coincides with the behavior of the partition function of the {\it{polaron problem}} under strong coupling. Based on this, in 1986 Spohn [14] made a heuristic observation that the strong coupling behavior of the polaron…
We show that with probability 1, the trace B[0,1] of Brownian motion in space, has positive capacity with respect to exactly the same kernels as the unit square. More precisely, the energy of occupation measure on B[0,1] in the kernel f(|x-y|), is bounded above and below by constant multiples of the energy of Lebesgue measure on the unit square. (The constants are random, but do not depend on the kernel.) As an application, we give almost-sure asymptotics for the probability that an alpha-stable process approaches within epsilon of B[0,1], conditional on B[0,1]. The upper bound on energy is ba…
A uniform dimensional result for normally reflected Brownian motion (RBM) in a large class of non-smooth domains is established. Exact Hausdorff dimensions for the boundary occupation time and the boundary trace of RBM are given. Extensions to stable-like jump processes and to symmetric reflecting diffusions are also mentioned.
We derive a Ray-Knight type theorem for the local time process (in the space variable) of a skew Brownian motion up to an independent exponential time. It is known that the local time seen as a density of the occupation measure and taken with respect to the Lebesgue measure has a discontinuity at the skew point (in our case at zero), but the local time taken with respect to the speed measure is continuous. In this paper we discuss this discrepancy by characterizing the dynamics of the local time process in both these cases. The Ray-Knight type theorem is applied to study integral functionals o…
We consider super processes whose spatial motion is the $d$-dimensional Brownian motion and whose branching mechanism $ψ$ is critical or subcritical; such processes are called $ψ$-super Brownian motions. If $d\!>\!2\bgamma/(\bgamma\!-\!1)$, where $\bgamma\!\in\!(1,2]$ is the lower index of $ψ$ at $\infty$, then the total range of the $ψ$-super Brownian motion has an exact packing measure whose gauge function is $g(r)\! =\! (\log\log1/r) / φ^{-1} ( (1/r\log\log 1/r)^{2})$, where $φ\! =\! ψ^\prime\! \circ \! ψ^{\!-1}$. More precisely, we show that the occupation measure of the $ψ$-super Brownian…
We review probabilistic approaches to the Gross-Pitaevskii theory describing interacting dilute systems of particles. The main achievement are large deviations principles for the mean occupation measure of a large system of interacting Brownian motions in a trapping potential. The corresponding rate functions are given as variational problems whose solution provide effective descriptions of the infinite system.
We study the ergodicity of stochastic reaction-diffusion equation driven by subordinate Brownian motions. After establishing the strong Feller property and irreducibility of the system, we prove the tightness of the solution's law. These properties imply that this stochastic system admits a unique invariant measure according to Doob's and Krylov-Bogolyubov's theories. Furthermore, we establish a large deviation principle for the occupation measure of this system by a hyper-exponential recurrence criterion. It is well known that S(P)DEs driven by $α$-stable type noises do not satisfy Freidlin-W…
We consider the integral of fractional Brownian motion (IFBM) and its functionals $ξ_T$ on the intervals $(0,T)$ and $(-T,T)$ of the following types: the maximum $M_T$, the position of the maximum, the occupation time above zero etc. We show how the asymptotics of $P(ξ_T<1)=p_T, T\to \infty$, is related to the Hausdorff dimension of Lagrangian regular points for the inviscid Burgers equation with FBM initial velocity. We produce computational evidence in favor of a power asymptotics for $p_T$. The data do not reject the hypothesis that the exponent $θ$ of the power law is related to the simila…
Let $S_n$ be a lattice random walk with mean zero and finite variance, and let $Λ^a_n$ be its occupation measure at level $a$. In this note, we prove local limit theorems for $\Pr[S_n=x,Λ^a_n=\ell]$ and $\Pr[S_n=x|Λ^a_n=\ell]$ in the cases where $a$, $|x-a|$ and $\ell$ are either zero or at least of order $\sqrt n$. The asymptotic description of these quantities matches the corresponding probabilities for Brownian motion and its local time process. This note can be seen as a generalization of previous results by Kaigh (1975) and Uchiyama (2011). In similar fashion to these results, our method …
Let $B^{H}$ be a fractional Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ of Hurst index $H\in\left(0,1\right)$, $f:\left[0,1\right]\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{d}$ a Borel function and $A\subset\left[0,1\right]$ a Borel set. We provide sufficient conditions for the image $(B^{H}+f)(A)$ to have a positive Lebesgue measure or to have a non-empty interior. This is done through the study of the properties of the density of the occupation measure of $(B^{H}+f)$. Precisely, we prove that if the parabolic Hausdorff dimension of the graph of $f$ is greater than $Hd$, then the density is a square integrable funct…
Consider the $n$th iterated Brownian motion $I^{(n)}=B_n \circ\cdots \circ B_1$. Curien and Konstantopoulos proved that for any distinct numbers $t_i\neq 0$, $(I^{(n)}(t_1),\dots,I^{(n)}(t_k))$ converges in distribution to a limit $I[k]$ independent of the $t_i$'s, exchangeable, and gave some elements on the limit occupation measure of $I^{(n)}$. Here, we prove under some conditions, finite dimensional distributions of $n$th iterated two-sided stable processes converge, and the same holds the reflected Brownian motions. We give a description of the law of $I[k]$, of the finite dimensional dist…
Propagation of support for super-Brownian motion with general branching mechanism
研究具有一般临界或次临界分支机制的超布朗运动在R^d上的空间传播，通过Keller-Osserman型可积条件建立支撑离开初始支撑邻域的短时概率的Gauss尾形式上界，并推导紧支撑性质。
Consider a large system of $N$ Brownian motions in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with some non-degenerate initial measure on some fixed time interval $[0,β]$ with symmetrised initial-terminal condition. That is, for any $i$, the terminal location of the $i$-th motion is affixed to the initial point of the $σ(i)$-th motion, where $σ$ is a uniformly distributed random permutation of $1,...,N$. Such systems play an important role in quantum physics in the description of Boson systems at positive temperature $1/β$. In this paper, we describe the large-N behaviour of the empirical path measure (the mean of the Di…
We construct fractional Brownian motion (fBm), sub-fractional Brownian motion (sub-fBm), negative sub-fractional Brownian motion (nsfBm) and the odd part of fBm in the sense of Dzhaparidze and van Zanten (2004) by means of limiting procedures applied to some particle systems. These processes are obtained for full ranges of Hurst parameter. Particle picture interpretations of sub-fBm and nsfBm were known earlier (using a different approach) for narrow ranges of parameters; the odd part of fBm process had not been given any physical interpretation at all. Our approach consists in representing th…
We study the occupation measure of various sets for a symmetric transient random walk in $Z^d$ with finite variances. Let $μ^X_n(A)$ denote the occupation time of the set $A$ up to time $n$. It is shown that $\sup_{x\in Z^d}μ_n^X(x+A)/\log n$ tends to a finite limit as $n\to\infty$. The limit is expressed in terms of the largest eigenvalue of a matrix involving the Green's function of $X$ restricted to the set $A$. Some examples are discussed and the connection to similar results for Brownian motion is given.
Consider the radial projection onto the unit sphere of the path a d-dimensional Brownian motion W, started at the center of the sphere and run for unit time. Given the occupation measure mu of this projected path, what can be said about the terminal point W(1), or about the range of the original path? In any dimension, for each Borel set A subseteq S^{d-1}, the conditional probability that the projection of W(1) is in A given mu(A) is just mu(A). Nevertheless, in dimension d>=3, both the range and the terminal point of W can be recovered with probability 1 from mu. In particular, for d>=3 the …
Colored Markov-Modulated Brownian Motion for Preemptive Workload Stacks
研究为扩散尺度系统开发有色马尔可夫调制布朗运动模型，用于新工作抢占活动层的情况，颜色编码栈位置和优先级，背景阶段控制漂移和波动性，通过反向递归总结偏移，得到平稳乘积形式表示及公式。
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