Itai Benjamini, Zhen-Qing Chen, Steffen Rohde
A uniform dimensional result for normally reflected Brownian motion (RBM) in a large class of non-smooth domains is established. Exact Hausdorff dimensions for the boundary occupation time and the boundary trace of RBM are given. Extensions to stable-like jump processes and to symmetric reflecting diffusions are also mentioned.
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We study a model of nonintersecting Brownian bridges on an interval with either absorbing or reflecting walls at the boundaries, focusing on the point in space-time at which the particles meet the wall. These processes are determinantal, and in different scaling limits when the particles approach the reflecting (resp. absorbing) walls we obtain hard-edge limiting kernels which are the even (resp. odd) parts of the Pearcey and tacnode kernels. We also show that in the single time case, our hard-edge tacnode kernels are equivalent to the ones studied by Delvaux [16], defined in terms of a $4\tim…
We give a simple proof that in a Lipschitz domain in two dimensions with Lipschitz constant one, there is pathwise uniqueness for the Skorokhod equation governing reflecting Brownian motion.
We use reflecting Brownian motion (RBM) to prove the well known Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. The boundary integrand is obtained by carefully analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the boundary local time of RBM for small times.
In this paper, we introduce the idea of stochastic integrals with respect to an increasing process in the $G$-framework and extend $G$-Itô's formula. Moreover, we study the solvability of the scalar valued stochastic differential equations driven by $G$-Brownian motion with reflecting boundary conditions (RGSDEs).
In this paper, we study the continuity of the transition density of the reecting Brownian motion on a general Lipschitz domain. We also provide local estimates for the density. Applying the estimates, we prove that the surface measure on the domain is in the local Kato class of the reecting Brownian motion.
Diffusion processes $(\underline{\bf X}_d(t))_{t\geq 0}$ moving inside spheres $S_R^d \subset\mathbb{R}^d$ and reflecting orthogonally on their surfaces $\partial S_R^d$ are considered. The stochastic differential equations governing the reflecting diffusions are presented and their kernels and distributions explicitly derived. Reflection is obtained by means of the inversion with respect to the sphere $S_R^d$. The particular cases of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and Brownian motion are examined in detail. The hyperbolic Brownian motion on the Poincarè half-space $\mathbb{H}_d$ is examined in th…
We are interested in path decompositions of a perturbed reflecting Brownian motion (PRBM) at the hitting times and at the minimum. Our study relies on the loop soups developed by Lawler and Werner [10] and Le Jan [13]-[14], in particular on a result discovered by Lupu [15] identifying the law of the excursions of the PRBM above its past minimum with the loop measure of Brownian bridges.
We consider super-Brownian motion whose historical paths reflect from each other, unlike those of the usual historical super-Brownian motion. We prove tightness for the family of distributions corresponding to a sequence of discrete approximations but we leave the problem of uniqueness of the limit open. We prove a few results about path behavior for processes under any limit distribution. In particular, we show that for any $γ>0$, a "typical" increment of a reflecting historical path over a small time interval $Δt$ is not greater than $(Δt)^{3/4 - γ}$.
This work contributes a systematic survey and complementary insights of reflecting Brownian motion and its properties. Extension of the Skorohod problem's solution to more general cases is investigated, based on which a discussion is further conducted on the existence of solutions for a few particular kinds of stochastic differential equations with a reflected boundary. It is proved that the multidimensional version of the Skorohod equation can be solved under the assumption of a convex domain (D).
A multidimensional Brownian motion with partial reflection on a hyperplane $S$ in the direction $qN+α$, where $N$ is the conormal vector to the hyperplane and $q\in [-1,1], α\in S$ are given parametres, is constructed and this construction is based on both analytic and probabilistic approaches. The joint distribution of $d-$dimensional analogy to skew Brownian motion and its local time on the hyperplane is obtained.
Spectral gap estimates for Brownian motion on domains with sticky-reflecting boundary diffusion
本文通过插值方法推导出带有粘性反射边界扩散的布朗运动谱隙下界，并在流形情况下应用了 Reilly 公式。
Firstly, we compute the distribution function for the hitting time of a linear time-dependent boundary $t\mapsto a+bt,\ a\geq 0,\,b\in \R,$ by a reflecting Brownian motion. The main tool hereby is Doob's formula which gives the probability that Brownian motion started inside a wedge does not hit this wedge. Other key ingredients are the time inversion property of Brownian motion and the time reversal property of diffusion bridges. Secondly, this methodology can also be applied for the three dimensional Bessel process. Thirdly, we consider Bessel bridges from 0 to 0 with dimension parameter $δ>…
Pathwise uniqueness holds for the Skorokhod stochastic differential equation in $C^{1+γ}$ domains in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $γ>1/2$ and $d\geq3$.
This paper proves an equality in law between the invariant measure of a reflected system of Brownian motions and a vector of point-to-line last passage percolation times in a discrete random environment. A consequence describes the distribution of the all-time supremum of Dyson Brownian motion with drift. A finite temperature version relates the point-to-line partition functions of two directed polymers, with an inverse-gamma and a Brownian environment, and generalises Dufresne's identity. Our proof introduces an interacting system of Brownian motions with an invariant measure given by a field…
In a series of papers, Burdzy et. al. introduced the \emph{mirror coupling} of reflecting Brownian motions in a smooth bounded domain $D\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$, and used it to prove certain properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Neumann Laplaceian on $D$. In the present paper we show that the construction of the mirror coupling can be extended to the case when the two Brownian motions live in different domains $D_{1},D_{2}\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$. As an application of the construction, we derive a unifying proof of the two main results concerning the validity of Chavel's conjecture…
We consider a Markov-modulated Brownian motion reflected to stay in a strip [0,B]. The stationary distribution of this process is known to have a simple form under some assumptions. We provide a short probabilistic argument leading to this result and explaining its simplicity. Moreover, this argument allows for generalizations including the distribution of the reflected process at an independent exponentially distributed epoch. Our second contribution concerns transient behavior of the reflected system. We identify the joint law of the processes t,X(t),J(t) at inverse local times.
In 2001, Knight constructed a stochastic process modeling the one dimensional interaction of two particles, one being Newtonian in the sense that it obeys Newton's laws of motion, and the other particle being Brownian. We construct a multi-particle analog, using Skorohod map estimates in proving a propagation of chaos and characterizing the hydrodynamic limit as the solution to a PDE with free boundary condition. Stochastic methods are used to show existence and uniqueness for the free boundary problem, and also present an algorithm of approximating the solution.
Stochastic variational inequalities provide a unified treatment for stochastic differential equations living in a closed domain with normal reflection and (or) singular repellent drift. When the domain is a polyhedron, we prove that the reflected-repelled Brownian motion does not hit the non-smooth part of the boundary. A sufficient condition for non-hitting a face of the polyhedron is derived from the one-dimensional case. A complete answer to the question of attainability of the walls of the Weyl chamber may be given for a radial Dunkl process.
Asymptotic Product-form Steady-state Distribution for Semimartingale Reflecting Brownian Motion in Multi-scaling Regime
本研究受Dai等人2023年工作启发，为半鞅反射布朗运动构建多尺度渐近区域，在P-反射矩阵与一致矩界条件下证明其稳态收敛于指数分量的乘积形式极限，验证该矩界条件在部分P-矩阵子类中成立，证明基于Harrison和Williams1987年提出的基本伴随关系。
We prove an integration by parts formula on the law of the reflecting Brownian motion $X:=|B|$ in the positive half line, where $B$ is a standard Brownian motion. In other terms, we consider a perturbation of $X$ of the form $X^ε= X+εh$ with $h$ smooth deterministic function and $ε>0$ and we differentiate the law of $X^ε$ at $ε=0$. This infinitesimal perturbation changes drastically the set of zeros of $X$ for any $ε>0$. As a consequence, the formula we obtain contains an infinite dimensional generalized functional in the sense of Schwartz, defined in terms of Hida's renormalization of the squ…
In this paper we study Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with two reflecting right continuous with left limits obstacles (or barriers) when the noise is given by Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure mutually independent. The jumps of the obstacle processes could be either predictable or inaccessible. We show existence and uniqueness of the solution when the barriers are completely separated and the generator uniformly Lipschitz. We do not assume the existence of a difference of supermartingales between the obstacles. As an application, we show that the related mixed zero-sum d…
We study rare event simulations of semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions (SRBMs) in an orthant. The rare event of interest is that a $d$-dimensional positive recurrent SRBM enters the set $B_n = \{z\in\mathbb{R}^d: \sum_{k=1}^d z_k = n\}$ before reaching a small neighborhood of the origin as $n\to\infty$. We show that under a proper scaling and some regularity conditions, the probability of interest satisfies a large deviation principle. We then construct a subsolution to the variational problem for our rare event, and based on this subsolution construct particle based simulation algorith…
Let $D$ be an unbounded domain in $\RR^d$ with $d\geq 3$. We show that if $D$ contains an unbounded uniform domain, then the symmetric reflecting Brownian motion (RBM) on $\overline D$ is transient. Next assume that RBM $X$ on $\overline D$ is transient and let $Y$ be its time change by Revuz measure ${\bf 1}_D(x) m(x)dx$ for a strictly positive continuous integrable function $m$ on $\overline D$. We further show that if there is some $r>0$ so that $D\setminus \overline {B(0, r)}$ is an unbounded uniform domain, then $Y$ admits one and only one symmetric diffusion that genuinely extends it and…
Functional Inequalities for Brownian Motion on Riemannian Manifolds with Sticky-Reflecting Boundary Diffusion
本文在一般曲率假设下，利用边界与内部能量相互作用的插值方法，证明了具有粘性反射边界扩散的流形上布朗运动的Poincaré和对数Sobolev常数的几何上界，并附带得到Steklov特征值及边界迹算子的显式几何界。
Functional Inequalities for doubly weighted Brownian Motion with Sticky-Reflecting Boundary Diffusion
本文研究了具有粘性反射边界的流形上双重加权布朗运动的Poincaré和Logarithmic Sobolev常数上界，采用能量交互和加权Reilly公式进行插值分析，同时得到Steklov特征值和边界迹算子的上界。
Large deviations for sticky-reflecting Brownian motion with boundary diffusion
本文研究具有边界扩散的粘性反射布朗运动在短时间极限下的大偏差原理，揭示了速率函数随边界与内部扩散速度比较的尖锐转变，并由此提出一种新的最优输运模型。
Multi-level reflecting Brownian motion on the half line and its stationary distribution
本文研究半直线上具有有限多个状态处漂移和方差不连续变化的多级反射布朗运动，证明其弱解唯一存在，并在正常返条件下推导出具有简单解析表达式的平稳分布。
Obliquely reflecting Brownian motion in nonpolyhedral, piecewise smooth cones, with an example of application to diffusion approximation of bandwidth sharing queues
本文给出非多面体分段光滑锥中斜反射布朗运动分布唯一性的充分条件，并验证其在带宽共享网络扩散逼近中的应用，为证明该逼近提供关键步骤。
Reflecting Brownian motion in generalized parabolic domains: explosion and superdiffusivity
该研究针对广义抛物域中带斜反射的多维无漂移扩散过程，给出爆炸或超扩散瞬态的判定条件，提出并应用了具有独立研究价值的半鞅准则。
The trace of a Markov process is the time changed process of the original process on the support of the Revuz measure used in the time change. In this paper, we will concentrate on the reflecting Brownian motions on certain closed strips. On one hand, we will formulate the concrete expression of the Dirichlet forms associated with the traces of such reflecting Brownian motions on the boundary. On the other hand, the limits of these traces as the distance between the upper and lower boundaries tends to $0$ or $\infty$ will be further obtained.
We obtain rates of convergence to stationarity in L^1-Wasserstein distance for a d-dimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM) in the nonnegative orthant that are explicit in the dimension and the system parameters. The results are then applied to a class of RBMs considered in Blanchet-Chen (2016) and to rank-based diffusions including the Atlas model. In both cases, we obtain explicit rates and bounds on relaxation times. In the first case we improve the relaxation time estimates of O(d^4(log d)^2) obtained in Blanchet-Chen (2016) to O((log d)^2). In the latter case, we give the first results…
Semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions (SRBMs) living in the closures of domains with piecewise smooth boundaries are of interest in applied probability because of their role as heavy traffic approximations for some stochastic networks. In this paper, assuming certain conditions on the domains and directions of reflection, a perturbation result, or invariance principle, for SRBMs is proved. This provides sufficient conditions for a process that satisfies the definition of an SRBM, except for small random perturbations in the defining conditions, to be close in distribution to an SRBM. A cr…
We consider a family of hard core objects moving as independent Brownian motions confined to a vessel by reflection. These are subject to gravitational forces modeled by drifts. The stationary distribution for the process has many interesting implications, including an illustration of the Archimedes' principle. The analysis rests on constructing reflecting Brownian motion with drift in a general open connected domain and studying its stationary distribution. In dimension two we utilize known results about sphere packing.
Semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions (SRBMs) are diffusion processes with state space the d-dimensional nonnegative orthant, in the interior of which the processes evolve according to a Brownian motion, and that reflect against the boundary in a specified manner. The data for such a process are a drift vector θ, a nonsingular d \times d covariance matrix Σ, and a d \times d reflection matrix R. A standard problem is to determine under what conditions the process is positive recurrent. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positive recurrence are easy to formulate for d = 2, but not for…
It is shown that the trace of $3$ dimensional Brownian motion contains arithmetic progressions of length $5$ and no arithmetic progressions of length $6$ a.s.
Consider a semimartingale reflecting Brownian motion (SRBM) $Z$ whose state space is the $d$-dimensional nonnegative orthant. The data for such a process are a drift vector $θ$, a nonsingular $d\times d$ covariance matrix $Σ$, and a $d\times d$ reflection matrix $R$ that specifies the boundary behavior of $Z$. We say that $Z$ is positive recurrent, or stable, if the expected time to hit an arbitrary open neighborhood of the origin is finite for every starting state. In dimension $d=2$, necessary and sufficient conditions for stability are known, but fundamentally new phenomena arise in higher …
We study two models consisting of reflecting one-dimensional Brownian "particles" of positive radius. We show that the stationary empirical distributions for the particle systems do not converge to the harmonic function for the generator of the individual particle process, unlike in the case when the particles are infinitely small.
Time reversal of reflected Brownian motion with Poissonian resetting
本文研究带泊松重置的反射布朗运动的时间反演，证明其反演过程为带负漂移和非局部边界条件的布朗运动，并刻画了两个过程在边界上的相同迹。
We show the result that is stated in the title of the paper, which has consequences about decomposition of Brownian loop-soup clusters in two dimensions.
Sticky Brownian motions, as time-changed semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions, have various applications in many fields, including queuing theory and mathematical finance. In this paper, we are concerned about the stationary distributions of a multidimensional sticky Brownian motion, provided it is stable. We will study the large deviations principle for stationary distribution and the tail behaviour of the joint stationary distribution.
The Stochastic Casimir Effect
本文用具有成对移民的湮灭Brownian运动系统建模一维经典真空，发现间距为$L$的反射或吸收壁间存在随$L$指数衰减的吸引力，提出了一种纯经典的Casimir效应。
Let U be a Haar distributed unitary matrix in U(n)or O(n). We show that after centering the double index process $$ W^{(n)} (s,t) = \sum_{i \leq \lfloor ns \rfloor, j \leq \lfloor nt\rfloor} |U_{ij}|^2 $$ converges in distribution to the bivariate tied-down Brownian bridge. The proof relies on the notion of second order freeness.
In this paper, we study the reflected backward stochastic differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion with two reflecting obstacles, which means that the solution lies between two prescribed processes. A new kind of approximate Skorohod condition is proposed to derive the uniqueness and existence of the solutions. The uniqueness can be proved by a priori estimates and the existence is obtained via a penalization method.
For a class of Laplace exponents we derive the heat trace asymptotics of the generator of the corresponding subordinate Brownian motion on Euclidean space. The terms in the asymptotic expansion are found to depend both on the geometry of Euclidean space and probabilistic properties of the subordinator. The key assumption is the existence of a suitable density for the Levy measure of the subordinator. An intermediate step is the computation of the zeta function of the generator. We employ methods from the theory of classical pseudodifferential operators on Euclidean space. The analysis is highl…
In this paper, we show that reflecting Brownian motion in any bounded domain D can be approximated, as $k\to\infty$, by simple random walks on "maximal connected" subsets of $(2^{-k}\mathbb{Z}^d)\cap D$ whose filled-in interiors are inside of D.
We show that with probability 1, the trace B[0,1] of Brownian motion in space, has positive capacity with respect to exactly the same kernels as the unit square. More precisely, the energy of occupation measure on B[0,1] in the kernel f(|x-y|), is bounded above and below by constant multiples of the energy of Lebesgue measure on the unit square. (The constants are random, but do not depend on the kernel.) As an application, we give almost-sure asymptotics for the probability that an alpha-stable process approaches within epsilon of B[0,1], conditional on B[0,1]. The upper bound on energy is ba…
The main purpose of this paper is to explore the structure of regular subspaces of 1-dim Brownian motion. As outlined in \cite{FMG} every such regular subspace can be characterized by a measure-dense set $G$. When $G$ is open, $F=G^c$ is the boundary of $G$ and, before leaving $G$, the diffusion associated with the regular subspace is nothing but Brownian motion. Their traces on $F$ still inherit the inclusion relation, in other words, the trace Dirichlet form of regular subspace on $F$ is still a regular subspace of trace Dirichlet form of one-dimensional Brownian motion on $F$. Moreover we h…
We consider an n-dimensional Brownian Motion trapped inside a bounded convex set by normally-reflecting boundaries. It is well-known that this process is uniformly ergodic. However, the rates of this ergodicity are not well-understood, especially in the regime of very high-dimensional sets. Here we present new bounds on these rates for convex sets with a given diameter. Our bounds do not depend upon the smoothness of the boundary nor the value of the ambient dimension, n.
In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional sticky Brownian motion. Sticky Brownian motions can be viewed as time-changed semimartingale reflecting Brownian motions, which find applications in many areas including queueing theory and mathematical finance. For example, a sticky Brownian motion can be used to model a storage system.with exceptional services. In this paper, we focus on stationary distributions for sticky Brownian motions. The main results obtained here include tail asymptotic properties in boundary stationary distributions, marginal distributions, and joint distributions. The ke…
Besov spaces and random walks on a hyperbolic group: boundary traces and reflecting extensions of Dirichlet forms
本文利用 Dirichlet 型理论证明低共形维数双曲群随机游走的无穷远迹过程存在并关联反射随机游走，同时建立相关 Besov 空间同构并分析调和测度正则性。
We consider two reflecting diffusion processes $(X_t)_{t \ge 0}$ with a moving reflection boundary given by a non-decreasing pure jump Markov process $(R_t)_{t \ge 0}$. Between the jumps of the reflection boundary the diffusion part behaves as a reflecting Brownian motion with negative drift or as a reflecting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In both cases at rate $γ(X_t -R_t)$ for some $γ\ge 0$ the reflection boundary jumps to a new value chosen uniformly in $[R_{t-},X_t]$. Since after each jump of the reflection boundary the diffusions are reflected at a higher level we call the processes Brownia…
Fractional equations governing the distribution of reflecting drifted Brownian motions are presented. The equations are expressed in terms of tempered Riemann--Liouville type derivatives. For these operators a Marchaud-type form is obtained and a Riesz tempered fractional derivative is examined, together with its Fourier transform.
We give an effective upper escape rate function for Brownian motion on a complete Riemannian manifold in terms of the volume growth of the manifold. An important step in the work is estimating the small tail probability of the crossing time between two concentric geodesic spheres by reflecting Brownian motions on the larger geodesic ball.
We study reflecting Brownian motion with drift constrained to a wedge in the plane. Our first set of results provide necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solution to the corresponding submartingale problem with drift, and show that its solution possesses the Markov and Feller properties. Next, we study a version of the problem with absorption at the vertex of the wedge. In this case, we provide a condition for existence and uniqueness of a solution to the problem and some results on the probability of the vertex being reached.
We consider a Brownian particle with diffusion coefficient $D$ in a $d$-dimensional ball of radius $R$ with reflecting boundaries. We study the maximum $M_x(t)$ of the trajectory of the particle along the $x$-direction at time $t$. In the long time limit, the maximum converges to the radius of the ball $M_x(t) \to R$ for $t\to \infty$. We investigate how this limit is approached and obtain an exact analytical expression for the distribution of the fluctuations $Δ(t) = [R-M_x(t)]/R$ in the limit of large $t$ in all dimensions. We find that the distribution of $Δ(t)$ exhibits a rich variety of b…
We compute a closed-form expression for the moment generating function $\hat{f}(x;λ,α)=\frac{1}λ\mathbb{E}_x(e^{αL_τ})$, where $L_t$ is the local time at zero for standard Brownian motion with reflecting barriers at $0$ and $b$, and $τ\sim \mathrm{Exp}(λ)$ is independent of $W$. By analyzing how and where $\hat{f}(x;\cdot,α)$ blows up in $λ$, a large-time large deviation principle (LDP) for $L_t/t$ is established using a Tauberian result and the Gärtner-Ellis Theorem.
Hitting probability for Reflected Brownian Motion at Small Target
本文研究含反射、吸收边界及小目标的光滑区域中反射布朗运动的小目标击中概率，通过目标附近局部化与显式计算得到其关于 $O(ε)$ 的渐近形式。
The Stationary Behavior of Reflecting Coupled Brownian Motions with Applications to Shortest Remaining Processing Time Queues
本文研究重尾处理时间下 SRPT 队列缩放极限对应的反射耦合布朗运动，通过关联最大过程刻画其平稳分布，给出有限维分布显式表示、协方差公式及收敛性，并推导平稳队列长度的积分表达式、均值与方差。
Norm-dependent Lamperti-type MAP representations of stable processes and Brownian motions in the orthant
本文建立了ssMps与MAPs的范数依赖型一一对应关系，并利用$L_1$-范数完整刻画了象限中稳定过程与布朗运动经杀死或反射生成的多维自相似马尔可夫过程所对应的MAPs。
We show that the Laplace transforms of traces of words in independant unitary Brownian motions converge towards an analytic function on a non trivial disc. This results allow to study asymptotics of Wilson loops under the unitary Yang-Mills measure on the plane. The limiting objects obtained are shown to be characterized by equations analog to Schwinger-Dyson's ones, named here after Makeenko and Migdal.
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