In this note we prove that Reedy fibrant Segal categories are fibrant objects in the model category structure SeCat_c. Combining this result with a previous one, we thus have that the fibrant objects are precisely the Reedy fibrant Segal categories. We also show that the analogous result holds for Segal categories which are fibrant in the projective model structure on simplicial spaces, considered as objects in the model structure SeCat_f.
We use fibrations of complete Segal spaces to construct four complete Segal spaces: Reedy fibrant simplicial spaces, Segal spaces, complete Segal spaces, and spaces. Moreover, we show each one comes with a universal fibration that classifies Reedy left fibrations, Segal coCartesian fibrations, coCartesian fibrations and left fibrations and prove these are representable fibrations. Finally, we use equivalences between quasi-categories and complete Segal spaces to present analogous constructions using fibrations of quasi-categories.
A relative category is a category with a chosen class of weak equivalences. Barwick and Kan produced a model structure on the category of all relative categories, which is Quillen equivalent to the Joyal model structure on simplicial sets and the Rezk model structure on simplicial spaces. We will prove that the underlying relative category of a model category or even a fibration category is fibrant in the Barwick--Kan model structure.
We establish that a category of fibrant objects (in the sense of Brown) admits a Dwyer-Kan homotopical calculus of right fractions. This is done using a homotopical calculus of cocycles, which is an auxiliary structure that can be defined on every category of fibrant objects. As an application, we deduce some non-abelian versions of the Verdier hypercovering theorem.
Much research has been done on structures equivalent to topological or simplicial groups. In this paper, we consider instead simplicial monoids. In particular, we show that the usual model category structure on the category of simplicial monoids is Quillen equivalent to an appropriate model category structure on the category of simplicial spaces with a single point in degree zero. In this second model structure, the fibrant objects are reduced Segal categories. We then generalize the proof to relate simplicial categories with a fixed object set to Segal categories with the same fixed set in de…
We introduce the dendroidal analogs of the notions of complete Segal space and of Segal category, and construct two appropriate model categories for which each of these notions corresponds to the property of being fibrant. We prove that these two model categories are Quillen equivalent to each other, and to the monoidal model category for infinity-operads which we constructed in an earlier paper. By slicing over the monoidal unit objects in these model categories, we derive as immediate corollaries the known comparison results between Joyal's quasi-categories, Rezk's complete Segal spaces, and…
We define a new model structure on the category of small categories, which is intimately related to the notion of coverings and fundamental groups of small categories. Fibrant objects in the model structure coincide with groupoids, and the fibrant replacement is the groupoidification.
We introduce the notion of algebraic fibrant objects in a general model category and establish a (combinatorial) model category structure on algebraic fibrant objects. Based on this construction we propose algebraic Kan complexes as an algebraic model for oo-groupoids and algebraic quasi-categories as an algebraic model for (oo,1)-categories. We furthermore give an explicit proof of the homotopy hypothesis.
We introduce the analogues of the notions of complete Segal space and of Segal category in the context of equivariant operads with norm maps, and build model categories with these as the fibrant objects. We then show that these model categories are Quillen equivalent to each other and to the model category for $G$-$\infty$-operads built in a previous paper. Moreover, we establish variants of these results for the Blumberg-Hill indexing systems. In an appendix, we discuss Reedy categories in the equivariant context.
In this paper, we compare several functors which take simplicial categories or model categories to complete Segal spaces, which are particularly nice simplicial spaces which, like simplicial categories, can be considered to be models for homotopy theories. We then give a characterization, up to weak equivalence, of complete Segal spaces arising from these functors.
We define a model category structure on a slice category of simplicial spaces, called the "Segal group action" structure whose fibrant-cofibrant objects may be viewed as representing spaces $X$ with a coherent action of a given Segal group (i.e. a group-like, reduced Segal space). We show that this model structure is Quillen equivalent to the projective model structure on $G$-spaces, $\mathcal{S}^{\mathbb{B}G}$, where $G$ is a simplicial group represented by this Segal group. Since Segal group actions are invariant under weak monoidal endofunctors of spaces they enable to construct, for an arb…
We introduce twisted arrow categories of operads and of algebras over operads. Up to equivalence of categories, the simplex category $Δ$, Segal's category $Γ$, Connes cyclic category $Λ$, Moerdijk-Weiss dendroidal category $Ω$, and categories similar to graphical categories of Hackney-Robertson-Yau are twisted arrow categories of symmetric or cyclic operads. Twisted arrow categories of operads admit Segal presheaves and 2-Segal presheaves, or decomposition spaces. Twisted arrow category of an operad $P$ is the $(\infty, 1)$-localization of the corresponding category $Ω/P$ by the boundary prese…
We prove that four different ways of defining Cartesian fibrations and the Cartesian model structure are all Quillen equivalent: On marked simplicial sets, on bisimplicial spaces, on bisimplicial sets, on marked simplicial spaces. The main way to prove these equivalences is by using the Quillen equivalences between quasi-categories and complete Segal spaces as defined by Joyal-Tierney and the straightening construction due to Lurie.
We axiomatise the theory of $(\infty,n)$-categories. We prove that the space of theories of $(\infty,n)$-categories is a $B(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$. We prove that Rezk's complete Segal $Θ_n$-spaces, Simpson and Tamsamani's Segal $n$-categories, the first author's $n$-fold complete Segal spaces, Kan and the first author's $n$-relative categories, and complete Segal space objects in any model of $(\infty,n-1)$-categories all satisfy our axioms. Consequently, these theories are all equivalent in a manner that is unique up to the action of $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$.
The notes were prepared for a series of talks that I gave in Hagen in late June and early July 2003, and, with some changes, in the University of La Laguña, the Canary Islands, in September, 2003. They aim (i) to revisit some oldish material on abstract homotopy and simplicial ly enriched categories, that seems to be being used in today's resurgence of interest in the area and to try to view it in a new light, or perhaps from new directions; (ii) to introduce Segal categories and various other tools used by the Nice-Toulouse group of abstract homotopy theorists and link them into some of the o…
In this paper, we consider the model structure on the category of cellular sets originally conjectured by Cisinski and Joyal to give a model for the homotopy theory of weak (ω)-categories. We demonstrate first that any (Θ)-localizer containing the spine inclusions (ι: \Sp[t] \hookrightarrow Θ[t]) must also contain the maps (X\times ι: X\times \Sp[t] \hookrightarrow X\times Θ[t]) for all objects ([t]) of (Θ) and all cellular sets (X). This implies in particular that a cellular set (S) is local with respect to the set of spine inclusions if and only if it is Cartesian-local. However, we show tha…
We compute the Bousfield localizations and Bousfield colocalizations of discrete model categories, including the homotopy categories and the algebraic $K$-groups of these localizations and colocalizations. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a subcategory of a category to appear as the subcategory of fibrant objects for some such model structure. We also prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a monad to be the fibrant replacement monad of some such model structure.
We construct a model structure on the category of cubical sets with connections whose cofibrations are the monomorphisms and whose fibrant objects are defined by the right lifting property with respect to inner open boxes, the cubical analogue of inner horns. We show that this model structure is Quillen equivalent to the Joyal model structure on simplicial sets via the triangulation functor. As an application, we show that cubical quasicategories admit a convenient notion of a mapping space, which we use to characterize the weak equivalences between fibrant objects in our model structure as DK…
We introduce a new type of weakly enriched categories over a given symmetric monoidal model category M; these are called Co-Segal categories. Their definition derives from the philosophy of classical (enriched) Segal categories. We study their homotopy theory by giving a model structure on them. One of the motivations of introducing these structure was to have an alternative definition of higher linear categories following Segal-like methods.
We introduce \emph{flagged $(\infty,n)$-categories} and prove that they are equivalent to Segal sheaves on Joyal's category ${\mathbfΘ}_n$. As such, flagged $(\infty,n)$-categories provide a model-independent formulation of Segal sheaves. This result generalizes the statement that $n$-groupoid objects in spaces are effective, as we explain and contextualize. Along the way, we establish a useful expression for the univalent-completion of such a Segal sheaf. Finally, we conjecture a characterization of flagged $(\infty,n)$-categories as stacks on $(\infty,n)$-categories that satisfy descent with…
We investigate fibrancy conditions in the Thomason model structure on the category of small categories. In particular, we show that the category of weak equivalences of a partial model category is fibrant. Furthermore, we describe connections to calculi of fractions.
We exhibit the simplex category $Δ$ and Segal's category $Γ$ as $\infty$-categorical localizations of the dendroidal categories $Ω_π$ and $Ω$ introduced by Moerdijk and Weiss. As an application we obtain an equivalence of $\infty$-categories between invertible $\infty$-operads and the $2$-Segal spaces of Dyckerhoff and Kapranov. Finally, we describe a cyclic version of the dendroidal category and explain how it $\infty$-localizes to Connes's cyclic category $Λ$.
We give a new proof of the equivalence between two of the main models for $(\infty,n)$-categories, namely the $n$-fold Segal spaces of Barwick and the $Θ_{n}$-spaces of Rezk, by proving that these are algebras for the same monad on the $\infty$-category of $n$-globular spaces. The proof works for a broad class of $\infty$-categories that includes all $\infty$-topoi.
In this note we consider partial model categories, by which we mean relative categories that satisfy a weakened version of the model category axioms involving only the weak equivalences. More precisely, a partial model category will be a relative category that has the two out of six property and admits a 3-arrow calculus. We then show that Charles Rezk's result that the simplicial space obtained from a simplicial model category by taking a Reedy fibrant replacement of its simplicial nerve is a complete Segal space also holds for these partial model categories. We also note that conversely ever…
We develop a theory of enriched categories over a (higher) category M equipped with a class W of morphisms called homotopy equivalences. We call them Segal M_W -categories. Our motivation was to generalize the notion of "up-to-homotopy monoids" in a monoidal category M, introduced by Leinster. The formalism adopted generalizes the classical Segal categories and extends the theory of enriched category over a bicategory. In particular we have a linear version of Segal categories which did not exist so far. Our goal in this paper is to present the theory and provide some examples. Applications ar…
Cartesian fibrations were originally defined by Lurie in the context of quasi-categories and are commonly used in $(\infty,1)$-category theory to study presheaves valued in $(\infty,1)$-categories. In this work we define and study fibrations modeling presheaves valued in simplicial spaces and their localizations. This includes defining a model structure for these fibrations and giving effective tools to recognize its fibrations and weak equivalences. This in particular gives us a new method to construct Cartesian fibrations via complete Segal spaces. In addition to that, it allows us to define…
In this note we show that a semisimplicial set with the weak Kan condition admits a simplicial structure, provided any object allows an idempotent self-equivalence. Moreover, any two choices of simplicial structures give rise to equivalent quasi-categories. The method is purely combinatorial and extends to semisimplicial objects in other categories; in particular to semi-simplicial spaces satisfying the Segal condition (semi-Segal spaces).
In math.AG/0207028 we began the study of higher sheaf theory (i.e. stacks theory) on higher categories endowed with a suitable notion of topology: precisely, we defined the notions of S-site and of model site, and the associated categories of stacks on them. This led us to study a notion of \textit{model topos} (orginally due to C. Rezk), a model category version of the notion of Grothendieck topos. In this paper we treat the analogous theory starting from (1-)Segal categories in place of S-categories and model categories. We introduce notions of Segal topologies, Segal sites and stacks over t…
In this paper we give a model for equivariant $(\infty, 1)$-categories. We modify an approach of Shimakawa for equivariant $Γ$-spaces to the setting of simplicial spaces. We then adapt Rezk's Segal and completeness conditions to fit with this setting.
We define model structures on exact categories which we call exact model structures. We look at the relationship between these model structures and cotorsion pairs on the exact category. In particular, when the underlying category is weakly idempotent complete we get Hovey's one-to-one correspondence between model structures and complete cotorsion pairs. We classify the right and left homotopy relation in terms of the cotorsion pairs and look at examples of exact model structures. In particular, we see that given any hereditary abelian model category, the full subcategories of cofibrant, fibra…
Higher category theory is an exceedingly active area of research, whose rapid growth has been driven by its penetration into a diverse range of scientific fields. Its influence extends through key mathematical disciplines, notably homotopy theory, algebraic geometry and algebra, mathematical physics, to encompass important applications in logic, computer science and beyond. Higher categories provide a unifying language whose greatest strength lies in its ability to bridge between diverse areas and uncover novel applications. In this foundational work we introduce a new approach to higher categ…
We define a category parameterizing Calabi-Yau algebra objects in an infinity category of spans. Using this category, we prove that there are equivalences of infinity categories relating, firstly: 2-Segal simplicial objects in C to algebra objects in Span(C); and secondly: 2-Segal cyclic objects in C to Calabi-Yau algebra objects in Span(C).
In this paper we give a summary of the comparisons between different definitions of so-called (\infty,1)-categories, which are considered to be models for \infty-categories whose n-morphisms are all invertible for n>1. They are also, from the viewpoint of homotopy theory, models for the homotopy theory of homotopy theories. The four different structures, all of which are equivalent, are simplicial categories, Segal categories, complete Segal spaces, and quasi-categories.
In this paper we complete a chain of explicit Quillen equivalences between the model category for $Θ_{n+1}$-spaces and the model category of small categories enriched in $Θ_n$-spaces. The Quillen equivalences given here connect Segal category objects in $Θ_n$-spaces, complete Segal objects in $Θ_n$-spaces, and $Θ_{n+1}$-spaces.
This short note reports on joint work with Michael Batanin towards a general machine for proving Baez-Dolan Stabilization Theorems for various models of higher categories, based on substitudes, Bousfield localization, and homotopical Beck-Chevalley squares. I provide a road map to our recent papers, and include new results proving Baez-Dolan Stabilization Theorems for Tamsamani weak $n$-categories, higher Segal categories, Ara's $n$-quasi-categories, and cartesian models of Segal and complete Segal objects due to Bergner and Rezk. I also attempt to clarify the connection to higher braided oper…
The homotopy theory of infinity-operads is defined by extending Joyal's homotopy theory of infinity-categories to the category of dendroidal sets. We prove that the category of dendroidal sets is endowed with a model category structure whose fibrant objects are the infinity-operads (i.e. dendroidal inner Kan complexes). This extends the theory of infinity-categories in the sense that the Joyal model category structure on simplicial sets whose fibrant objects are the infinity-categories is recovered from the model category structure on dendroidal sets by simply slicing over the point.
For each pair of simplicial sets $A$ and $B$, the category $\mathbf{Cyl}(A,B)$ of cylinders (also called correspondences) from $A$ to $B$ admits a model structure induced from Joyal's model structure for quasi-categories. In this paper, we prove Joyal's conjecture that a cylinder $X \in \mathbf{Cyl}(A,B)$ is fibrant if and only if the canonical morphism $X \longrightarrow A \star B$ is an inner fibration, and that a morphism between fibrant cylinders in $\mathbf{Cyl}(A,B)$ is a fibration if and only if it is an inner fibration. We use this result to give a new proof of a characterisation of co…
Univalence, originally a type theoretical notion at the heart of Voevodsky's Univalent Foundations Program, has found general importance as a higher categorical property that characterizes descent and hence classifying maps in $(\infty,1)$-categories. Completeness is a property of Segal spaces introduced by Rezk that characterizes those Segal spaces which are $(\infty,1)$-categories. In this paper, first, we make rigorous an analogy between univalence and completeness that has found various informal expressions in the higher categorical research community to date, and second, study its ramific…
The main objective of this paper is to construct a symmetric monoidal closed model category of coherently commutative monoidal quasi-categories. We construct another model category structure whose fibrant objects are (essentially) those coCartesian fibrations which represent objects that are known as symmetric monoidal quasi-categories in the literature. We go on to establish a Quillen equivalence between the two model categories.
This thesis is devoted to the proof of a theorem showing the existence of a closed model category structure for weakly enriched categories. It requires first of all the definitions of weakly enriched categories and equivalences of weakly enriched categories such that these definitions recover some existing notions of higher order weak categories, for example Segal categories, Tamsamani n-categories and strict n-categories. In order to prove our theorem, we elaborate a theory of plans for cell addition following the approach of the small object argument a la Quillen. We conclude this work with …
If $D$ is a Reedy category and $M$ is a model category, the category $M^{D}$ of $D$-diagrams in $M$ is a model category under the Reedy model category structure. If $C \to D$ is a Reedy functor between Reedy categories, then there is an induced functor of diagram categories $M^{D} \to M^{C}$. Our main result is a characterization of the Reedy functors $C \to D$ that induce right or left Quillen functors $M^{D} \to M^{C}$ for every model category $M$. We apply these results to various situations, and in particular show that certain important subdiagrams of a fibrant multicosimplicial object are…
In previous work, we showed that there are appropriate model category structures on the category of simplicial categories and on the category of Segal precategories, and that they are Quillen equivalent to one another and to Rezk's complete Segal space model structure on the category of simplicial spaces. Here, we show that these results still hold if we instead use groupoid or "invertible" cases. Namely, we show that model structures on the categories of simplicial groupoids, Segal pregroupoids, and invertible simplicial spaces are all Quillen equivalent to one another and to the standard mod…
J. Lurie proved in Higher Topos Theory that for $K$ a simplicial set, $\mathcal{C}$ a simplicial category, $f: \mathfrak{C}[K] \rightarrow \mathcal{C}^{\text{op}}$ an equivalence of simplicial categories, we have a Quillen equivalence $(\text{Set}^+_Δ)_{/K} \rightleftarrows (\text{Set}^+_Δ)^{\mathcal{C}}$. We prove a partial converse to this theorem at the level of Segal categories, namely that if $L(\text{Set}^+_Δ)_{/K}$ is isomorphic to $L(\text{Set}^+_Δ)^{\mathcal{C}}$ in Ho(SePC), then $L \mathfrak{C}[K]^{\text{op}}$ and $L\mathcal{C}$ are equivalent as Segal pre-categories relative to Seg…
We prove existence results a la Jeff Smith for left-induced model category structures, of which the injective model structure on a diagram category is an important example. We further develop the notions of fibrant generation and Postnikov presentation from Hess, which are dual to a weak form of cofibrant generation and cellular presentation. As examples, for k a field and H a differential graded Hopf algebra over k, we produce a left-induced model structure on augmented H-comodule algebras and show that the category of bounded below chain complexes of finite-dimensional k-vector spaces has a …
In a previous paper, we showed that a discrete version of the $S_\bullet$-construction gives an equivalence of categories between unital 2-Segal sets and augmented stable double categories. Here, we generalize this result to the homotopical setting, by showing that there is a Quillen equivalence between a model category for unital 2-Segal objects and a model category for augmented stable double Segal objects which is given by an $S_\bullet$-construction. We show that this equivalence fits together with the result in the discrete case and briefly discuss how it encompasses other known $S_\bulle…
