Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Marc Yor
This paper is the first part of our survey on various results about the distribution of exponential type Brownian functionals defined as an integral over time of geometric Brownian motion. Several related topics are also mentioned.
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We prove second order limit laws for (additive) functionals of the $d$-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H=\frac{1}{d}$, using the method of moments, extending the Kallianpur-Robbins law.
In this paper we state and prove a central limit theorem for the finite-dimensional laws of the quadratic variations process of certain fractional Brownian sheets. The main tool of this article is a method developed by Nourdin and Nualart based on the Malliavin calculus.
This article is devoted to the construction of a solution for the "skew inhomogeneous Brownian motion" equation, which first appear in a seminal paper by Sophie Weinryb (1983). We investigate some laws related to the constructed process. In particular, using the description of the straddling excursion above a deterministic time, we compute the joint law of the process, its local time and its straddling time.
We obtain probability measures on the canonical space penalizing the Wiener measure by a function of its maximum (resp. minimum, local time). We study the law of the canonical process under these new probability measures.
We determine the rate of decay of the expectation Z(t) of some multiplicative functional related to Brownian motion up to time t. This permits to prove that the Wiener measure, penalized by this multiplicative functional, converges as t goes to infinity to a probability measure (p.m.) . We obtain the law of the canonical process under this new p.m.
Results of penalization of a one-dimensional Brownian motion $(X_t) $, by its one-sided maximum $\dis (S_t=\sup_{0 \leq u \leq t}X_u)$, which were recently obtained by the authors are improved with the consideration-in the present paper- of the asymptotic behaviour of the likewise penalized Brownian bridges of length $t$, as $t\to \infty$, or penalizations by functions of $(S_t,X_t)$, and also the study of the speed of convergence, as $t\to \infty$, of the penalized distributions at time $t$.
We study some limit theorems for the normalized law of integrated Brownian motion perturbed by several examples of functionals: the first passage time, the nth passage time, the last passage time up to a finite horizon and the supremum. We show that the penalization principle holds in all these cases and give descriptions of the conditioned processes. In particular, it is remarkable that the penalization by the nth passage time is independent of n, and always gives the same conditioned process, i.e. integrated Brownian motion conditioned not to hit 0. Our results rely on some explicit formulae…
This article investigates several properties related to densities of solutions X to differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H>1/4. We first determine conditions for strict positivity of the density of X_t. Then we obtain some exponential bounds for this density when the diffusion coefficient satisfies an elliptic type condition. Finally, still in the elliptic case, we derive some bounds on the hitting probabilities of sets by fractional differential systems in terms of Newtonian capacities.
We show that simple explicit formulas can be obtained for several relevant quantities related to the laws of the uniformly sampled Brownian bridge, Brownian meander and three dimensional Bessel process. To prove such results, we use the distribution of a triplet of random variables associated to the pseudo-Brownian bridge together with various relationships between the laws of these four processes.
Space-time transport of Brownian exit laws
本文系统研究p-布朗收敛，将其纳入最优输运理论框架，并得到位似域情形下的渐近行为。
Consider a system of particles moving independently as Brownian motions until two of them meet, when the colliding pair annihilates instantly. The construction of such a system of annihilating Brownian motions (aBMs) is straightforward as long as we start with a finite number of particles, but is more involved for infinitely many particles. In particular, if we let the set of starting points become increasingly dense in the real line it is not obvious whether the resulting systems of aBMs converge and what the possible limit points (entrance laws) are. In this paper, we show that aBMs arise as…
Entrance laws for coalescing and annihilating Brownian motions
本文研究了凝聚与湮灭布朗运动的入口定律，证明其极值点为Pfaffian点过程并确定了其核结构。
We construct a fake exponential Brownian motion, a continuous martingale different from classical exponential Brownian motion but with the same marginal distributions, thus extending results of Albin and Oleszkiewicz for fake Brownian motions. The ideas extend to other diffusions.
This paper reviews known results which connect Riemann's integral representations of his zeta function, involving Jacobi's theta function and its derivatives, to some particular probability laws governing sums of independent exponential variables. These laws are related to one-dimensional Brownian motion and to higher dimensional Bessel processes. We present some characterizations of these probability laws, and some approximations of Riemann's zeta function which are related to these laws.
The density distribution function of the integral of the exponential Brownian motion is determined explicitly in the form of a rapidly convergent series.
This paper is concerned with the limit laws of the extreme order statistics derived from a symmetric Laplace walk. We provide two different descriptions of the point process of the limiting extreme order statistics: a branching representation and a squared Bessel representation. These complementary descriptions expose various hidden symmetries in branching processes and Brownian motion which lie behind some striking formulas found by Schehr and Majumdar (Phys. Rev. Lett., 108:040601). In particular, the Bessel process of dimension $4 = 2+2$ appears in the descriptions as a path decomposition o…
In this paper, by using the exact tail asymptotics derived by Debicki, Hashorva and Ji (Ann. Probab. 2014), we proved the Gumbel limit theorem for the maximum of a class of non-homogeneous Gaussian random fields. By using the obtained results, we also derived the Gumbel laws for Shepp statistics of fractional Brownian motion and Gaussian integrated process as well as the Gumbel law for Storage process with fractional Brownian motion as input.
In this note, we investigate the density of the exponential functional of the fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin's calculus, we provide a log-normal upper bound for the density.
Arcsine laws for Brownian motion with Poissonian resetting
该研究分析了带泊松重置的布朗运动中反正弦定律的等价形式，得到了前两个定律对应随机变量概率密度函数的闭式公式及第三定律的数值结果。
We introduce a class of iterated processes called $α$-time Brownian motion for $0<α\leq 2$. These are obtained by taking Brownian motion and replacing the time parameter with a symmetric $α$-stable process. We prove a Chung-type law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) for these processes which is a generalization of LIL proved in \cite{hu} for iterated Brownian motion. When $α=1$ it takes the following form $$ \liminf_{T\to\infty}T^{-1/2}(\log \log T) \sup_{0\leq t\leq T}|Z_{t}|=π^{2}\sqrt{λ_{1}} a.s. $$ where $λ_{1}$ is the first eigenvalue for the Cauchy process in the interval $[-1,1].$ We also…
In this note, we investigate the continuity in law with respect to the Hurst index of the exponential functional of the fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin's calculus, we provide an explicit bound on the Kolmogorov distance between two functionals with different Hurst indexes.
We present a two-dimensional extension of an identity in distribution due to Bougerol \cite{Bou} that involves the exponential functional of a linear Brownian motion. Even though this identity does not extend at the level of processes, we point at further striking relations in this direction.
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for equivalence of law for linear stochastic evolution equations driven by a general Gaussian noise by identifying the suitable space of controls for the corresponding deterministic control problem. This result is applied to semilinear (reaction-diffusion) equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion. We establish the equivalence of continuous dependence of laws of solutions to semilinear equations on the initial datum in the topology of pointwise convergence of measures and null controllability for the corresponding deterministic control probl…
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the stationary density of semimartingale reflected Brownian motion in a wedge to be written as a finite sum of terms of exponential product form. Relying on geometric ideas reminiscent of the reflection principle, we give an explicit formula for the density in such cases.
In this paper we provide convergence analysis for a class of Brownian queues in tandem by establishing an exponential drift condition. A consequence is the uniform exponential ergodicity for these multidimensional diffusions, including the O'Connell-Yor process. A list of open problems are also presented.
Invariance of Brownian motion associated with exponential functionals
本文证明了与时间反转兼容的布朗运动的一种新不变性，该不变性通过涉及指数泛函作为预测因子的预测性路径变换来描述。
We introduce a transform on the class of stochastic exponentials for d-dimensional Brownian motions. Each stochastic exponential generates another stochastic exponential under the transform. The new exponential process is often merely a supermartingale even in cases where the original process is a martingale. We determine a necessary and sufficient condition for the transform to be a martingale process. The condition links expected values of the transformed stochastic exponential to the distribution function of certain time-integrals.
Fluctuations of the additive martingales related to super-Brownian motion
本文研究超临界超布朗运动相关加性鞅收敛到极限的波动速率，证明规范化尾鞅的极限律在小参数时由分支机制在0附近的行为决定，在大参数时由极限极值过程决定。
By the Cameron--Martin theorem, if a function $f$ is in the Dirichlet space $D$, then $B+f$ has the same a.s. properties as standard Brownian motion, $B$. In this paper we examine properties of $B+f$ when $f \notin D$. We start by establishing a general 0-1 law, which in particular implies that for any fixed $f$, the Hausdorff dimension of the image and the graph of $B+f$ are constants a.s. (This 0-1 law applies to any Lévy process.) Then we show that if the function $f$ is Hölder$(1/2)$, then $B+f$ is intersection equivalent to $B$. Moreover, $B+f$ has double points a.s. in dimensions $d\le 3…
Exponential Euler method for stiff SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion
本文针对由分数布朗运动驱动的刚性随机微分方程，利用 Malliavin 导数技术证明指数欧拉方法可达到收敛阶 1，优于已有接近 Hurst 参数 H 的结果，并达到数值模拟最优速率。
On the exponential integrability of the derivative of intersection and self-intersection local time for fractional Brownian motion and a limit theorem related to the self-intersection local time for fractional Brownian motion
该论文修正了分数布朗运动交局部时导数存在的条件，证明了其指数可积性，并给出了存在条件违反时自交局部时导数的极限定理。
We first introduce the calculus of Peng's G-Brownian motion on a sublinear expectation space $(Ω, {\cal H}, \hat{\mathbb{E}})$. Then we investigate the exponential stability of paths for a class of stochastic differential equations disturbed by a G-Brownian motion in the sense of quasi surely (q.s.). The analyses consist in G-Lyapunov function and some special inequalities. Various sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the stability of strong solutions. In particular, by means of our results we generalize the one in the classical stochastic differential equations. Finally, an illustrati…
Consider p independent Brownian motions in R^d, each running up to its first exit time from an open domain B, and their intersection local time l as a measure on B. We give a sharp criterion for the finiteness of exponential moments, E[exp(\sum_{i=1}^n (int_B f_i(x) l(dx))^{1/p})], where f_1, ...,f_n are nonnegative, bounded functions with compact support in B. We also derive a law of large numbers for intersection local time conditioned to have large total mass.
This is the second part of our survey on exponential functionals of Brownian motion. We focus on the applications of the results about the distributions of the exponential functionals, which have been discussed in the first part. Pricing formula for call options for the Asian options, explicit expressions for the heat kernels on hyperbolic spaces, diffusion processes in random environments and extensions of Lévy's and Pitman's theorems are discussed.
On the exponential integrability of the derivative of intersection and self-intersection local time for Brownian motion and related processes
本文研究 alpha-稳定过程（含布朗运动）相交及自相交局部时间导数的指数可积性，并指出文献中分数布朗运动相关结论的一个反例。
A Girsanov-type formula for a class of anticipative transforms of Brownian motion associated with exponential functionals
本文利用Matsumoto-Yor的结果，证明了一类含指数泛函的布朗运动预期变换的Girsanov型公式，统一了现有公式，并应用于正权重扰动下布朗运动分布的不变性证明。
We prove a large deviation type estimate for the asymptotic behavior of a weighted local time of $\varepsilon W$ as $\varepsilon\to0$.
Distributional and Extremal Behaviour of Brownian Motion with Exponential Resetting
本文研究了具有指数重置的布朗运动的分布和极值行为，推导了 supremum 分布的显式公式，并给出了平稳过程的 fidi 新表达式。
In this article, we study the stability of solutions to 3D stochastic primitive equations driven by fractional noise. Since the fractional Brownian motion is essentially different from Brownian motion, lots of stochastic analysis tools are not available to study the exponential stability for the stochastic systems. Therefore, apart from the standard method for the case of Brownian motion, we develop a new method to show that 3D stochastic primitive equations driven by fractional noise converge almost surely exponentially to the stationary solutions. This method may be applied to other stochast…
Let $X=\{X(t), t\geq 0\}$ be a Brownian motion or a spectrally negative stable process of index $1<\a<2$. Let $E=\{E(t),t\geq 0\}$ be the hitting time of a stable subordinator of index $0<β<1$ independent of $X$. We use a connection between $X(E(t))$ and the stable subordinator of index $β/\a$ to derive information on the path behavior of $X(E_t)$. This is an extension of the connection of iterated Brownian motion and (1/4)-stable subordinator due to Bertoin \cite{bertoin}. Using this connection, we obtain various laws of the iterated logarithm for $X(E(t))$. In particular, we establish law of…
Exponential functionals of Brownian motion and class-one Whittaker functions
本文研究了布朗运动的指数函数与一类Whittaker函数之间的关系，推导了相关扩散过程的性质。
Perkins Embedding for General Starting Laws
本文首次将原本仅适用于狄拉克初始分布的Perkins嵌入推广到一般起始律的Skorokhod嵌入问题，构造出相应最优解，并给出Perkins解的新几何解释。
We study limit distributions for random variables defined in terms of coefficients of a power series which is determined by a certain linear functional equation. Our technique combines the method of moments with the kernel method of algebraic combinatorics. As limiting distributions the area distributions of the Brownian excursion and meander occur. As combinatorial applications we compute the area laws for discrete excursions and meanders with an arbitrary finite set of steps and the area distribution of column convex polyominoes. As a by-product of our approach we find the joint distribution…
We examine the non-exit probability of a multidimensional Brownian motion from a growing truncated Weyl chamber. Different regimes are identified according to the growth speed, ranging from polynomial decay over stretched-exponential to exponential decay. Furthermore we derive associated large deviation principles for the empirical measure of the properly rescaled and transformed Brownian motion as the dimension grows to infinity. Our main tool is an explicit eigenvalue expansion for the transition probabilities before exiting the truncated Weyl chamber.
Estimates for exponential functionals of continuous Gaussian processes with emphasis on fractional Brownian motion
本文为带漂移分数布朗运动及其他连续高斯过程的指数泛函的分布函数和p阶矩提供显式上下界估计，并证明其关于Hurst参数的分布连续性。
Suppose that metric measure spaces X_n=(X_n, d_n, m_n) satisfy RCD(K,infty) conditions with m_n(X_n)=1. Then the measured Gromov convergence (introduced by Gigili-Mondino-Savare '13) of X_n is equivalent to the weak convergence of the laws of Brownian motions on X_n with initial distributions m_n.
We define a time dependent empirical process based on $n$ i.i.d.~fractional Brownian motions and establish Gaussian couplings and strong approximations to it by Gaussian processes. They lead to functional laws of the iterated logarithm for this process.
Freidlin-Wentzell collision-laws between self-stabilizing diffusions
该研究针对双稳态势中独立自稳定扩散过程，适配Freidlin-Wentzell估计推导其零噪声极限下的近碰撞渐近行为，还拓展至平均场粒子系统近似及一维情形。
In this paper we investigate three discrete or semi-discrete approximation schemes for reflected Brownian motion on bounded Euclidean domains. For a class of bounded domains $D$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ that includes all bounded Lipschitz domains and the von Koch snowflake domain, we show that the laws of both discrete and continuous time simple random walks on $D\cap2^{-k}\mathbb{Z}^n$ moving at the rate $2^{-2k}$ with stationary initial distribution converge weakly in the space $\mathbf{D}([0,1],\mathbb{R}^n)$, equipped with the Skorokhod topology, to the law of the stationary reflected Brownian mo…
Kolmogorov's exponential inequalities are basic tools for studying the strong limit theorems such as the classical laws of the iterated logarithm for both independent and dependent random variables. This paper establishes the Kolmogorov type exponential inequalities of the partial sums of independent random variables as well as negatively dependent random variables under the sub-linear expectations. As applications of the exponential inequalities, the laws of the iterated logarithm in the sense of non-additive capacities are proved for independent or negatively dependent identically distribute…
We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale, when evaluated at a fixed time, can be represented via an exponential formula at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator only depends on the second order Malliavin derivative operator evaluated along a "frozen path". The exponential operator can be expanded explicitly to a series representation, which resembles the Dyson series of quantum mechanics. Our continuous-time martingale representation result can be proven independently by two different methods. In the first method, one constructs…
Consider an multidimensional obliquely reflected Brownian motion in the positive orthant, or, more generally, in a convex polyhedral cone. We find sufficient conditions for existence of a stationary distribution and convergence to this distribution at the exponential rate, as time goes to infinity. We also prove that certain exponential moments for this distribution are finite, thus providing a tail estimate for this distribution. Finally, we apply these results to systems of rank-based competing Brownian particles.
We characterize the asymptotic behaviour of the weighted power variation processes associated with iterated Brownian motion. We prove weak convergence results in the sense of finite dimensional distributions, and show that the laws of the limiting objects can always be expressed in terms of three independent Brownian motions X, Y and B, as well as of the local times of Y. In particular, our results involve ``weighted'' versions of Kesten and Spitzer's Brownian motion in random scenery. Our findings extend the theory initiated by Khoshnevisan and Lewis (1999), and should be compared with the re…
In this paper, we study the recovery of the Hurst parameter from a given discrete sample of fractional Brownian motion with statistical inverse theory. In particular, we show that in the limit the posteriori distribution of the parameter given the sample determines the parameter uniquely. In order to obtain this result, we first prove various strong laws of large numbers related to the problem at hand and then employ these limit theorems to verify directly the limiting behaviour of posteriori distributions without making additional technical or simplifying assumptions that are commonly used.
We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale at a fixed time can be represented as an exponential of its value at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator is equal to one half times the Malliavin derivative. This result can also be seen as a generalization of the semi-group theory of parabolic partial differential equations to the parabolic path-dependent partial differential equations introduced by Dupire (2009) and Cont and Founié (2011). The exponential operator can be calculated explicitly in a series expansion, which resembles the…
In this paper we study a class of distribution dependent stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions with Hurst parameter H\in(1/2,1). We prove the well-posedness of this type equations, and then establish a general result on the Bismut formula for the Lions derivative by using Malliavin calculus. As applications, we provide the Bismut formulas of this kind for both non-degenerate and degenerate cases, and obtain the estimates of the Lions derivative and the total variation distance between the laws of two solutions.
Consider the infinite Atlas model: a semi-infinite collection of particles driven by independent standard Brownian motions with zero drifts, except for the bottom-ranked particle which receives unit drift. We derive a continuum one-parameter family of product-of-exponentials stationary gap distributions, with exponentially growing density at infinity. This result shows that there are infinitely many stationary gap distributions for the Atlas model, and hence resolves a conjecture of Pal and Pitman (2008) in the negative. This result is further generalized for infinite systems of competing Brow…
The joint distribution of maximum increase and decrease for Brownian motion up to an independent exponential time is computed. This is achieved by decomposing the Brownian path at the hitting times of the infimum and the supremum before the exponential time. It is seen that an important element in our formula is the distribution of the maximum decrease for the three dimensional Bessel process with drift started from 0 and stopped at the first hitting of a given level. From the joint distribution of the maximum increase and decrease it is possible to calculate the correlation coefficient betwee…
We investigate the motion of an inert (massive) particle being impinged from below by a particle performing (reflected) Brownian motion. The velocity of the inert particle increases in proportion to the local time of collisions and decreases according to a constant downward gravitational acceleration. We study fluctuations and strong laws of the motion of the particles. We further show that the joint distribution of the velocity of the inert particle and the gap between the two particles converges in total variation distance to a stationary distribution which has an explicit product form.
We consider several critical wetting models. In the discrete case, these probability laws are known to converge, after an appropriate rescaling, to the law of a reflecting Brownian motion, or of the modulus of a Brownian bridge, according to the boundary conditions. In the continuous case, a corresponding convergence result is proven in this paper, which allows to approximate the law of a reflecting Brownian motion by the law of Brownian meander tilted by its local time near the origin. On the other hand, these laws can be seen as the reversible probability measure of some Markov processes, na…
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