We consider exponential functionals of a multi-dimensional Brownian motion with drift, defined via a collection of linear functionals. We give a characterization of the Laplace transform of their joint law as the unique bounded solution, up to a constant factor, to a Schrodinger-type partial differential equation. We derive a similar equation for the probability density. We then characterize all diffusion processes which can be interpreted as having the law of the Brownian motion with drift conditioned on the law of its exponential functionals. In the case where the family of linear functionals is a set of simple roots, the Laplace transform of the joint law of the corresponding exponential functionals can be expressed in terms of a (class-one) Whittaker function associated with the corresponding root system. In this setting, we establish some basic properties of the corresponding diffusion processes.
Generally speaking, this thesis focuses on the interplay between the representations of Lie groups and probability theory. It subdivides into essentially three parts. In a first rather algebraic part, we construct a path model for geometric crystals in the sense of Berenstein and Kazhdan, for complex semi-simple Lie groups. We will mainly describe the algebraic structure, its natural morphisms and parameterizations. The theory of total positivity will play a particularly important role. Then, we anticipate on the probabilistic part by exhibiting a canonical measure on geometric crystals. It us…
Considering the recently studied Gamma exponentiated exponential Weibull ${\rm GEEW}(θ)$ probability distribution \cite{PoganySaboor} surprising infinite summations are obtained for series which building blocks are special functions like lower and upper incomplete Gamma, Fox--Wright Psi, Meijer $G$ or Whittaker $W$ functions.
We construct a fake exponential Brownian motion, a continuous martingale different from classical exponential Brownian motion but with the same marginal distributions, thus extending results of Albin and Oleszkiewicz for fake Brownian motions. The ideas extend to other diffusions.
The thesis focuses on processes on symplectic Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. In chapter 4, a process with dynamics inspired by the Berele correspondence [Ber86] is presented. It is proved that the shape of the pattern is a Doob $h$-transform of independent random walks with $h$ given by the symplectic Schur function. This is followed by an extension to a $q$-weighted version. This randomised version has itself a branching structure and is related to a $q$-deformation of the $so_{2n+1}$-Whittaker functions. In chapter 5, we present a fully randomised process. This process $q$-deforms a process propo…
The density distribution function of the integral of the exponential Brownian motion is determined explicitly in the form of a rapidly convergent series.
In this note, we investigate the density of the exponential functional of the fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin's calculus, we provide a log-normal upper bound for the density.
In this note, we investigate the continuity in law with respect to the Hurst index of the exponential functional of the fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin's calculus, we provide an explicit bound on the Kolmogorov distance between two functionals with different Hurst indexes.
We present a two-dimensional extension of an identity in distribution due to Bougerol \cite{Bou} that involves the exponential functional of a linear Brownian motion. Even though this identity does not extend at the level of processes, we point at further striking relations in this direction.
This paper is the first part of our survey on various results about the distribution of exponential type Brownian functionals defined as an integral over time of geometric Brownian motion. Several related topics are also mentioned.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the stationary density of semimartingale reflected Brownian motion in a wedge to be written as a finite sum of terms of exponential product form. Relying on geometric ideas reminiscent of the reflection principle, we give an explicit formula for the density in such cases.
In this paper we provide convergence analysis for a class of Brownian queues in tandem by establishing an exponential drift condition. A consequence is the uniform exponential ergodicity for these multidimensional diffusions, including the O'Connell-Yor process. A list of open problems are also presented.
We introduce a transform on the class of stochastic exponentials for d-dimensional Brownian motions. Each stochastic exponential generates another stochastic exponential under the transform. The new exponential process is often merely a supermartingale even in cases where the original process is a martingale. We determine a necessary and sufficient condition for the transform to be a martingale process. The condition links expected values of the transformed stochastic exponential to the distribution function of certain time-integrals.
We determine the rate of decay of the expectation Z(t) of some multiplicative functional related to Brownian motion up to time t. This permits to prove that the Wiener measure, penalized by this multiplicative functional, converges as t goes to infinity to a probability measure (p.m.) . We obtain the law of the canonical process under this new p.m.
On the exponential integrability of the derivative of intersection and self-intersection local time for fractional Brownian motion and a limit theorem related to the self-intersection local time for fractional Brownian motion
We first introduce the calculus of Peng's G-Brownian motion on a sublinear expectation space $(Ω, {\cal H}, \hat{\mathbb{E}})$. Then we investigate the exponential stability of paths for a class of stochastic differential equations disturbed by a G-Brownian motion in the sense of quasi surely (q.s.). The analyses consist in G-Lyapunov function and some special inequalities. Various sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the stability of strong solutions. In particular, by means of our results we generalize the one in the classical stochastic differential equations. Finally, an illustrati…
Consider p independent Brownian motions in R^d, each running up to its first exit time from an open domain B, and their intersection local time l as a measure on B. We give a sharp criterion for the finiteness of exponential moments, E[exp(\sum_{i=1}^n (int_B f_i(x) l(dx))^{1/p})], where f_1, ...,f_n are nonnegative, bounded functions with compact support in B. We also derive a law of large numbers for intersection local time conditioned to have large total mass.
This is the second part of our survey on exponential functionals of Brownian motion. We focus on the applications of the results about the distributions of the exponential functionals, which have been discussed in the first part. Pricing formula for call options for the Asian options, explicit expressions for the heat kernels on hyperbolic spaces, diffusion processes in random environments and extensions of Lévy's and Pitman's theorems are discussed.
In this article, we study the stability of solutions to 3D stochastic primitive equations driven by fractional noise. Since the fractional Brownian motion is essentially different from Brownian motion, lots of stochastic analysis tools are not available to study the exponential stability for the stochastic systems. Therefore, apart from the standard method for the case of Brownian motion, we develop a new method to show that 3D stochastic primitive equations driven by fractional noise converge almost surely exponentially to the stationary solutions. This method may be applied to other stochast…
We examine the non-exit probability of a multidimensional Brownian motion from a growing truncated Weyl chamber. Different regimes are identified according to the growth speed, ranging from polynomial decay over stretched-exponential to exponential decay. Furthermore we derive associated large deviation principles for the empirical measure of the properly rescaled and transformed Brownian motion as the dimension grows to infinity. Our main tool is an explicit eigenvalue expansion for the transition probabilities before exiting the truncated Weyl chamber.
Recently O'Connell introduced an interacting diffusive particle system in order to study a directed polymer model in 1+1 dimensions. The infinitesimal generator of the process is a harmonic transform of the quantum Toda-lattice Hamiltonian by the Whittaker function. As a physical interpretation of this construction, we show that the O'Connell process without drift is realized as a system of mutually killing Brownian motions conditioned that all particles survive forever. When the characteristic length of interaction killing other particles goes to zero, the process is reduced to the noncollidi…
This thesis deals with some $(1+1)$-dimensional lattice path models from the KPZ universality class: the directed random polymer with inverse-gamma weights (known as log-gamma polymer) and its zero temperature degeneration, i.e. the last passage percolation model, with geometric or exponential waiting times. We consider three path geometries: point-to-line, point-to-half-line, and point-to-line with paths restricted to stay in a half-plane. Through exact formulas, we establish new connections between integrable probabilistic models and the ubiquitous Whittaker and Schur functions. More in deta…
We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale, when evaluated at a fixed time, can be represented via an exponential formula at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator only depends on the second order Malliavin derivative operator evaluated along a "frozen path". The exponential operator can be expanded explicitly to a series representation, which resembles the Dyson series of quantum mechanics. Our continuous-time martingale representation result can be proven independently by two different methods. In the first method, one constructs…
Consider an multidimensional obliquely reflected Brownian motion in the positive orthant, or, more generally, in a convex polyhedral cone. We find sufficient conditions for existence of a stationary distribution and convergence to this distribution at the exponential rate, as time goes to infinity. We also prove that certain exponential moments for this distribution are finite, thus providing a tail estimate for this distribution. Finally, we apply these results to systems of rank-based competing Brownian particles.
We show that, under certain smoothness conditions, a Brownian martingale at a fixed time can be represented as an exponential of its value at a later time. The time-dependent generator of this exponential operator is equal to one half times the Malliavin derivative. This result can also be seen as a generalization of the semi-group theory of parabolic partial differential equations to the parabolic path-dependent partial differential equations introduced by Dupire (2009) and Cont and Founié (2011). The exponential operator can be calculated explicitly in a series expansion, which resembles the…
Vicious Brownian motion is a diffusion scaling limit of Fisher's vicious walk model, which is a system of Brownian particles in one dimension such that if two of them meet they kill each other. We consider the vicious Brownian motion conditioned never to collide with each other, and call it the noncolliding Brownian motion. This conditional diffusion process is equivalent to the eigenvalue process of a Hermitian-matrix-valued Brownian motion studied by Dyson. Recently O'Connell introduced a generalization of the noncolliding Brownian motion by using the eigenfunctions (the Whittaker functions)…
Consider the infinite Atlas model: a semi-infinite collection of particles driven by independent standard Brownian motions with zero drifts, except for the bottom-ranked particle which receives unit drift. We derive a continuum one-parameter family of product-of-exponentials stationary gap distributions, with exponentially growing density at infinity. This result shows that there are infinitely many stationary gap distributions for the Atlas model, and hence resolves a conjecture of Pal and Pitman (2008) in the negative. This result is further generalized for infinite systems of competing Brow…
The joint distribution of maximum increase and decrease for Brownian motion up to an independent exponential time is computed. This is achieved by decomposing the Brownian path at the hitting times of the infimum and the supremum before the exponential time. It is seen that an important element in our formula is the distribution of the maximum decrease for the three dimensional Bessel process with drift started from 0 and stopped at the first hitting of a given level. From the joint distribution of the maximum increase and decrease it is possible to calculate the correlation coefficient betwee…
Motivated by a common Mathematical Finance topic, we discuss the reciprocal of the exit time from a cone of planar Brownian motion which also corresponds to the exponential functional of an associated Brownian motion. We prove a conjecture by Vakeroudis and Yor (2012) concerning infinite divisibility properties of this random variable and we present a novel simple proof of De Blassie's result (1987-1988) about the asymptotic behaviour of the distribution of the Bessel clock appearing in the skew-product representation of planar Brownian motion, for t large. Similar issues for the exponential f…
We study interacting systems of linear Brownian motions whose drift vector at every time point is determined by the relative ranks of the coordinate processes at that time. Our main objective has been to study the long range behavior of the spacings between the Brownian motions arranged in increasing order. For finitely many Brownian motions interacting in this manner, we characterize drifts for which the family of laws of the vector of spacings is tight, and show its convergence to a unique stationary joint distribution given by independent exponential distributions with varying means. We als…
In this paper, we prove the Girsanov formula for $G$-Brownian motion without the non-degenerate condition. The proof is based on the perturbation method in the nonlinear setting by constructing a product space of the $G$-expectation space and a linear space that contains a standard Brownian motion. The estimates for exponential martingale of $G$-Brownian motion are important for our arguments.
We analyze here different forms of fractional relaxation equations of order ν\in(0,1) and we derive their solutions both in analytical and in probabilistic forms. In particular we show that these solutions can be expressed as crossing probabilities of random boundaries by various types of stochastic processes, which are all related to the Brownian motion B. In the special case ν=1/2, the fractional relaxation is proved to coincide with Pr{sup_{0\leqs\leqt} B(s)<U}, for an exponential boundary U. When we generalize the distributions of the random boundary, passing from the exponential to the Ga…
The aim of this paper is to investigate discrete approximations of the exponential functional $\int_0^{\infty} \exp(B(t) - νt) \di t$ of Brownian motion (which plays an important role in Asian options of financial mathematics) by the help of simple, symmetric random walks. In some applications the discrete model could be even more natural than the continuous one. The properties of the discrete exponential functional are rather different from the continuous one: typically its distribution is singular w.r.t. Lebesgue measure, all of its positive integer moments are finite and they characterize t…
We establish a variational formula for the exponential decay rate of the Green function of Brownian motion evolving in a random stationary and ergodic nonnegative potential. Such a variational formula is established by Schroeder in 'Green's Functions for the Schrödinger Operator with Periodic Potential', J. Funct. Anal. 77 (1988), for potentials on compact spaces and is generalised in the present article to a non-compact setting. We show exponential decay of the Green function implicitly. This formula for the Lyapunov exponent has several direct implications. It allows to compare the influence…
In this paper we prove exact forms of large deviations for local times and intersection local times of fractional Brownian motions and Riemann-Liouville processes. We also show that a fractional Brownian motion and the related Riemann-Liouville process behave like constant multiples of each other with regard to large deviations for their local and intersection local times. As a consequence of our large deviation estimates, we derive laws of iterated logarithm for the corresponding local times. The key points of our methods: (1) logarithmic superadditivity of a normalized sequence of moments of…
We derive the asymptotic behavior of the occupation measure of the unit ball, for super-Brownian motion started from the Dirac measure at a distant point x and conditioned to hit the unit ball. In the critical dimension d=4, we obtain a limiting exponential distribution for the ratio of the occupation measure over log(|x|).
We consider a slightly subcritical branching Brownian motion with absorption, where particles move as Brownian motions with drift $-\sqrt{2+2\varepsilon}$, undergo dyadic fission at rate $1$, and are killed when they reach the origin. We obtain a Yaglom type asymptotic result, showing that the long run expected number of particles conditioned on survival grows exponentially as $1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}$ as the process approaches criticality.
We show that the uniform norm of generalized grey Brownian motion over the unit interval has an analytic density, excluding the special case of fractional Brownian motion. Our main result is an asymptotic expansion for the small ball probability of generalized grey Brownian motion, which extends to other norms on path space. The decay rate is not exponential but polynomial, of degree two. For the uniform norm and the Hölder norm, we also prove a large deviations estimate.
Let $B=\{ B_{t}\} _{t\ge 0}$ be a one-dimensional standard Brownian motion, to which we associate the exponential additive functional $A_{t}=\int _{0}^{t}e^{2B_{s}}ds,\,t\ge 0$. Starting from a simple observation of generalized inverse Gaussian distributions with particular sets of parameters, we show, with the help of a result by Matsumoto--Yor (2000), that for every $x\in \mathbb{R}$ and for every finite stopping time $τ$ of the process $\{ e^{-B_{t}}A_{t}\} _{t\ge 0}$, there holds the identity in law \begin{align*} \left( e^{B_τ}\!\sinh x+β(A_{τ}), \, Ce^{B_τ}\!\cosh x+\hatβ(A_{τ}), \, e^{-…
Local perturbations of a Brownian motion are considered. As a limit we obtain a non-Markov process that behaves as a reflected Brownian motion on the positive half line until its local time at zero reaches some exponential level, then changes a sign and behaves as a reflected Brownian motion on the negative half line until some stopping time, etc.
We introduce a transient reflected Brownian motion in a multidimensional orthant, which is either absorbed at the apex of the cone or escapes to infinity. We address the question of computing the absorption probability, as a function of the starting point of the process. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the absorption probability to admit an exponential product form, namely, that the determinant of the reflection matrix is zero. We call this condition a dual skew symmetry. It recalls the famous skew symmetry introduced by Harrison, which characterizes the exponential station…
Sticky Brownian motion on the real line can be obtained as a weak solution of a system of stochastic differential equations. We find the conditional distribution of the process given the driving Brownian motion, both at an independent exponential time and at a fixed time t>0. As a classical problem, we find the distribution of the occupation times of a half-line, and at 0, which is the sticky point for the process.
In this article, we obtain sharp conditions for the existence of the high order derivatives ($k$-th order) of intersection local time $ \widehatα^{(k)}(0)$ of two independent d-dimensional fractional Brownian motions $B^{H_1}_t$ and $\widetilde{B}^{H_2}_s$ with Hurst parameters $H_1$ and $H_2$, respectively. We also study their exponential integrability.
Consider the all-time maximum of a Brownian motion with negative drift. Assume that this process is sampled at certain points in time, where the time between two consecutive points is rendered by an Erlang distribution with mean $1/ω$. The family of Erlang distributions covers the range between deterministic and exponential distributions. We show that the average convergence rate as $ω\to\infty$ for all such Erlangian sampled Brownian motions is $O(ω^{-1/2})$, and that the constant involved in $O$ ranges from $-ζ(1/2)/\sqrt{2π}$ for deterministic sampling to $1/\sqrt{2}$ for exponential sampli…
We derive sufficient conditions for asymptotic and monotone exponential decay in mean square of solutions of the geometric Brownian motion with delay. The conditions are written in terms of the parameters and are explicit for the case of asymptotic decay. For exponential decay, they are easily resolvable numerically. The analytical method is based on construction of a Lyapunov functional (asymptotic decay) and forward-backward estimate for the square mean (exponential decay).
We consider the problem of strong existence and uniqueness of a Brownian motion forced to stay in the quadrant by an electrostatic repulsion from the sides that works obliquely. The results are reminiscent of the study of a Brownian motion with oblique reflection in a wedge. Actually, the same skew symmetry condition is involved when looking for a stationary distribution in product form. the terms of the product are now gamma distributions in place of exponential ones. An associate purely deterministic problem is also considered.
It is known that in a stationary Brownian queue with both arrival and service processes equal in law to Brownian motion, the departure process is a Brownian motion, that is, Burke's theorem in this context. In this short note we prove convergence to this invariant measure: if we have an arbitrary continuous process satisfying some mild conditions as initial arrival process and pass it through an infinite tandem network of queues, the resulting process weakly converges to a Brownian motion. We assume independent and exponential initial workloads for all queues.
We introduce and study a new random surface which we call the hyperbolic Brownian plane and which is the near-critical scaling limit of the hyperbolic triangulations constructed in arXiv:1401.3297. The law of the hyperbolic Brownian plane is obtained after biasing the law of the Brownian plane arXiv:1204.5921 by an explicit martingale depending on its perimeter and volume processes studied in arXiv:1409.4026. Although the hyperbolic Brownian plane has the same local properties as those of the Brownian plane, its large scale structure is much different since we prove e.g. that is has exponentia…
