We consider the $2 \times 2$ parabolic systems \begin{equation*} u^ε_t + A(u^ε) u^ε_x = εu^ε_{xx} \end{equation*} on a domain $(t, x) \in ]0, + \infty[ \times ]0, l[$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions imposed at $x=0$ and at $x=l$. The matrix $A$ is assumed to be in triangular form and strictly hyperbolic, and the boundary is not characteristic, i.e. the eigenvalues of $A$ are different from 0. We show that, if the initial and boundary data have sufficiently small total variation, then the solution $u^ε$ exists for all $t \geq 0$ and depends Lipschitz continuously in $L^1$ on the initial and boundary data. Moreover, as $ε\to 0^+$, the solutions $u^ε(t)$ converge in $L^1$ to a unique limit $u(t)$, which can be seen as the vanishing viscosity solution of the quasilinear hyperbolic system \begin{equation*} u_t + A(u)u_x = 0, \quad x \in ]0, l[. \end{equation*} This solution $u(t)$ depends Lipschitz continuously in $L^1$ w.r.t the initial and boundary data. We also characterize precisely in which sense the boundary data are assumed by the solution of the hyperbolic system. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35L65. Key words: Hyperbolic systems, conservation laws, initial boundary value problems, viscous approximations.
We derive two systems of boundary-domain integral equations (BDIEs) equivalent to the Dirichlet problem for the compressible Stokes system using the potential method with an explicit parametrix (Levi function). The BDIEs are given in terms of surface and volume hydrodynamic potentials. We study the mapping properties of these integral potential operators and used them to prove existence and uniqueness of solution of the two systems of BDIEs obtained taking into account the non-trivial kernels of the single layer and hypersingular hydrodynamic surface potentials.
In this article we consider a special type of degenerate elliptic partial differential equations of second order in convex domains that satisfy the interior sphere condition. We show that any positive viscosity solution $u$ of $-|\nabla u|^αΔ_p^N u = 1$ has the property that $u^\frac{α+ 1}{α+ 2}$ is a concave function. Secondly we consider positive solutions of the eigenvalue problem $-|\nabla u|^αΔ_p^N u = λ|u|^α u$, in which case $\log u$ turns out to be concave. The methods provided include a weak comparison principle and a Hopf-type Lemma.
A viscosity approach is introduced for the Dirichlet problem associated to complex Hessian type equations on domains in $\C^n$. The arguments are modelled on the theory of viscosity solutions for real Hessian type equations developed by Trudinger. As consequence we solve the Dirichlet problem for the Hessian quotient and special Lagrangian equations. We also establish basic regularity results for the solutions.
In this paper, we study the Dirichlet problem of Hessian quotient equations in exterior domains. By estimating the eigenvalues of the solution, the necessary and sufficient conditions on existence of radial solutions are obtained. Applying the solutions of ODE, the viscosity subsolutions and supersolutions are constructed and then the existence of viscosity solutions for exterior problems is established by the Perron's method.
Initial-boundary value problems for second order fully nonlinear PDEs with Caputo time fractional derivatives of order less than one are considered in the framework of viscosity solution theory. Associated boundary conditions are Dirichlet and Neumann, and they are considered in the strong sense and the viscosity sense, respectively. By a comparison principle and Perron's method, unique existence for the Cauchy-Dirichlet and Cauchy-Neumann problems are proved.
The Dirichlet problem for complex Monge-Ampére equations with continuous data is considered. In particular, a notion of viscosity solutions is introduced; a comparison principle and a solvability theorem are proved; the equivalence between viscosity and pluripotential solutions is established; and an ABP-type of $L^{\infty}$-estimate is achieved.
For scalar fully nonlinear partial differential equations depending on the Hessian andspatial coordinates, we present a general theory for obtaining comparison principles and well posedness for the associated Dirichlet problem with continuous boundary data. In particular, we treat admissible viscosity solutions of elliptic branches of the equation, where the nonlinearity need not be monotone on all of the space of symmetric N by N matrices. An elliptic branch (in the sense of Krylov, 1995) of the equation is encoded by a set valued map from the coordinate domain into the elliptic subsets of th…
In this paper we prove the existence of nonsmooth viscosity solutions for Dirichlet problems involving elementary symmetric functions of the eigenvalues of the complex Hessian.
We investigate the homogeneous Dirichlet problem in uniformly convex domains for a large class of degenerate elliptic equations with singular zero order term. In particular we establish sharp existence and uniqueness results of positive viscosity solutions.
We study the Dirichlet problem for subelliptic partial differential equations of Monge-Ampere type involving the derivates with respect to a family X of vector fields of Carnot type. The main result is a comparison principle among viscosity subsolutions, convex with respect to X, and viscosity supersolutions (in a weaker sense than usual), which implies the uniqueness of solution to the Dirichlet problem. Its assumptions include the equation of prescribed horizontal Gauss curvature in Carnot groups. By Perron method we also prove the existence of a solution either under a growth condition of t…
In this paper we introduce a notion of viscosity solutions for Eikonal equations defined on topological networks. Existence of a solution for the Dirichlet problem is obtained via representation formulas involving a distance function associated to the Hamiltonian. A comparison theorem based on Ishii's classical argument yields the uniqueness of the solution.
We study a fractional diffusion problem in the divergence form in one space dimension. We define a notion of the viscosity solution. We prove existence of viscosity solutions to the fractional diffusion problem with the Dirichlet boundary values by Perron's method. Their uniqueness follows from a proper maximum principle. We also show a stability result and basic regularity of solutions.
We prove regularity results such as interior Lipschitz regularity and boundary continuity for the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem associated to a class of parabolic equations inspired by the evolutionary $p$-Laplacian, but extending it at a wide scale. We employ a regularization technique of viscosity-type that we find interesting in itself.
In this short note, we study the local well-posedness of a 3D model for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with partial viscosity. This model was originally proposed by Hou-Lei in \cite{HouLei09a}. In a recent paper, we prove that this 3D model with partial viscosity will develop a finite time singularity for a class of initial condition using a mixed Dirichlet Robin boundary condition. The local well-posedness analysis of this initial boundary value problem is more subtle than the corresponding well-posedness analysis using a standard boundary condition because the Robin boundary conditio…
In this paper we derive rigorously the derivative of the Dirichlet to Neumann map and of the Neumann to Dirichlet map of the conductivity equation with respect to movements of vertices of triangular conductivity inclusions. We apply this result to formulate an optimization problem based on a shape derivative approach.
For a class of fully nonlinear equations having second order operators which may be singular or degenerate when the gradient of the solutions vanishes, and having first order terms with power growth, we prove the existence and uniqueness of suitably defined viscosity solution of Dirichlet problem and we further show that it is a Lipschitz continuous function.
In this paper, we develop a viscosity method for Homogenization of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations constrained by highly oscillating obstacles or Dirichlet data in perforated domains. The Dirichlet data on the perforated domain can be considered as a constraint or an obstacle. Homogenization of nonlinear eigen value problems has been also considered to control the degeneracy of the Porous medium equation in perforated domains. For the simplicity, we consider obstacles that consist of cylindrical columns distributed periodically and perforated domains with punctured balls. If the decay rate of th…
We study a Dirichlet problem in the entire space for some nonlocal degenerate elliptic operators with internal nonlinearities. With very mild assumptions on the boundary datum, we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution in the viscosity sense. If we further assume uniform ellipticity then the solution is shown to be classical, and even smooth if both the operator and the boundary datum are smooth.
We study the long-time behavior of the unique viscosity solution $u$ of the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi Equation $u_t-Δu + |Du|^m = f\hbox{in }Ω\times (0,+\infty)$ with inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, where $Ω$ is a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$. We mainly focus on the superquadratic case ($m>2$) and consider the Dirichlet conditions in the generalized viscosity sense. Under rather natural assumptions on $f,$ the initial and boundary data, we connect the problem studied to its associated stationary generalized Dirichlet problem on one hand and to a stationary problem with a state c…
The nonnegative viscosity solutions to the infinite heat equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown to converge as time increases to infinity to a uniquely determined limit after a suitable time rescaling. The proof relies on the half-relaxed limits technique as well as interior positivity estimates and boundary estimates. The expansion of the support is also studied.
In this paper we prove existence of (viscosity) solutions of Dirichlet problems concerning fully nonlinear elliptic operator, which are either degenerate or singular when the gradient of the solution is zero. For this class of operators it is possible to extend the concept of eigenvalue, this paper concerns the cases when the inf of the principal eigenvalues is positive i.e. when both the maximum and the minimum principle holds.
We consider different notions of solutions to the $p(x)$-Laplace equation $-÷(\abs{Du(x)}^{p(x)-2}Du(x))=0$ with $ 1<p(x)<\infty$. We show by proving a comparison principle that viscosity supersolutions and $p(x)$-superharmonic functions of nonlinear potential theory coincide. This implies that weak and viscosity solutions are the same class of functions, and that viscosity solutions to Dirichlet problems are unique. As an application, we prove a Radó type removability theorem.
We provide regularity results at the boundary for continuous viscosity solutions to nonconvex fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations and inequalities in Euclidian domains. We show that (i) any solution of two sided inequalities with Pucci extremal operators is $C^{1,α}$ on the boundary; (ii) the solution of the Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations is $C^{2,α}$ on the boundary; (iii) corresponding asymptotic expansions hold. This is an extension to viscosity solutions of the classical Krylov estimates for smooth solutions.
In this paper, we consider the exterior Dirichlet problem for Hessian quotient equations with the right hand side $g$, where $g$ is a positive function and $g=1+O(|x|^{-β})$ near infinity, for some $β>2$. Under a prescribed generalized symmetric asymptotic behavior at infinity, we establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for viscosity solutions, by using comparison principles and Perron's method. This extends the previous results for Monge--Ampère equations and Hessian equations.
In this paper, we show the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solution to the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear parabolic equations. This extends recent results of Eyssidieux-Guedj-Zeriahi.
Exterior Dirichlet problems for two-dimensional lattice waves on the semi-infinite triangular lattice are considered. Namely, we study Dirichlet problems for the two-dimensional discrete Helmholtz equation in a plane with a hole. New results are obtained for the existence and uniqueness of the solution in the case of the real wave number $k \in (0, 2\sqrt{2})$ without passing to a complex wave number. Besides, Green's representation formula for the solution is derived with the help of difference potentials. To demonstrate the results, we propose a method for numerical calculation.
Existence and uniqueness of local strong solution for the Beris--Edwards model for nematic liquid crystals, which couples the Navier-Stokes equations with an evolution equation for the Q-tensor, is established on a bounded domain in the case of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The classical Beris--Edwards model is enriched by including a dependence of the fluid viscosity on the Q-tensor. The proof is based on a linearization of the system and Banach's fixed-point theorem.
In this paper, we we study boundary layer problems for the incompressible MHD systems in the presence of physical boundaries with the standard Dirichlet oundary conditions with small generic viscosity and diffusion coefficients. We identify a non-trivial class of initial data for which we can establish the uniform stability of the Prandtl's type boundary layers and prove rigorously that the solutions to the viscous and diffusive incompressible MHD systems converges strongly to the superposition of the solution to the ideal MHD systems with a Prandtl's type boundary layer corrector. One of the …
We present two comparison principles for viscosity sub- and supersolutions of Monge-Ampere-type equations associated to a family of vector fields. In particular, we obtain the uniqueness of a viscosity solution to the Dirichlet problem for the equation of prescribed horizontal Gauss curvature in a Carnot group.
In this paper we introduce a concept of "regulated function" $v(t,x)$ of two variables, which reduces to the classical definition when $v$ is independent of $t$. We then consider a scalar conservation law of the form $u_t+F(v(t,x),u)_x=0$, where $F$ is smooth and $v$ is a regulated function, possibly discontinuous w.r.t.both $t$ and $x$. By adding a small viscosity, one obtains a well posed parabolic equation. As the viscous term goes to zero, the uniqueness of the vanishing viscosity limit is proved, relying on comparison estimates for solutions to the corresponding Hamilton--Jacobi equation.…
We prove a stochastic representation formula for the viscosity solution of Dirichlet terminal-boundary value problem for a degenerate Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman integro-partial differential equation in a bounded domain. We show that the unique viscosity solution is the value function of the associated stochastic optimal control problem. We also obtain the dynamic programming principle for the associated stochastic optimal control problem in a bounded domain.
H{ö}lder regularity of parabolic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions and application to reaction-diffusion and reaction-cross-diffusion systems
By making use of the approximation method, we obtain the existence and regularity of the viscosity solutions for the generalized mean curvature flow. The asymptotic behavior of the flow is also considered. In particular, the Dirichlet problem of the degenerate elliptic equation $$ -|\nabla v|(\mathrm{div}(\frac{\nabla v}{|\nabla v|})+ν)=0 $$ is solvable in viscosity sense.
Our purpose in this paper is to provide a self contained account of the inhomogeneous Dirichlet problem $Δ_\infty u=f(x,u)$ where $u$ takes a prescribed continuous data on the boundary of bounded domains. We employ a combination of Perron's method and a priori estimates to give general sufficient conditions on the right hand side $f$ that would ensure existence of viscosity solutions to the Dirichlet problem. Examples show that these sufficient conditions may not be relaxed. We also identify a class of inhomogeneous terms for which the corresponding Dirichlet problem has no solution in any dom…
For the Stokes equations in a compact connected Riemannian $n$-manifold $(Ω,g)$ with smooth boundary $\partial Ω$, we give an equivalent new system of elliptic equations with $(n+1)$ independent unknown functions on $Ω$. We show that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map ${\tildeΛ}_{\tildeε, μ,g}$ associated with this new system is also equivalent to the original Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $Λ_{μ,g}$ associated with the Stokes equations. We explicitly give the full symbol expression for the ${\tildeΛ}_{\tildeε,μ,g}$ by a method of factorization, and prove that Dirichlet-to-Neumann map ${\tildeΛ}_{\tildeε,…
In this article, we are interested in the Dirichlet problem for parabolic viscous Hamilton-Jacobi Equations. It is well-known that the gradient of the solution may blow up in finite time on the boundary of the domain, preventing a classical extension of the solution past this singularity. This behavior comes from the fact that one cannot prescribe the Dirichlet boundary condition for all time and, in order to define a solution globally in time, one has to use "generalized boundary conditions" in the sense of viscosity solution. In this work, we treat the case when the diffusion operator is the…
We study the Dirichlet problem for the non-local diffusion equation $u_t=\int\{u(x+z,t)-u(x,t)\}\dmu(z)$, where $μ$ is a $L^1$ function and $``u=ϕ$ on $\partialΩ\times(0,\infty)$'' has to be understood in a non-classical sense. We prove existence and uniqueness results of solutions in this setting. Moreover, we prove that our solutions coincide with those obtained through the standard ``vanishing viscosity method'', but show that a boundary layer occurs: the solution does not take the boundary data in the classical sense on $\partialΩ$, a phenomenon related to the non-local character of the eq…
We establish Ambrosetti--Prodi type results for viscosity and classical solutions of nonlinear Dirichlet problems for the fractional Laplace and comparable operators. In the choice of nonlinearities we consider semi-linear and super-linear growth cases separately. We develop a new technique using a functional integration-based approach, which is more robust in the non-local context than a purely analytic treatment.
We treat the exterior Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations of the form $$f(λ(D^2u))=g(x),$$ with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity. The equations of this type had been studied extensively by Caffarelli--Nirenberg--Spruck \cite{Caffarelli1985}, Trudinger \cite{Trudinger1995} and many others, and there had been significant discussions on the solvability of the classical Dirichlet problem via the continuity method, under the assumption that $f$ is a concave function. In this paper, based on the Perron's method, we establish an exterior existence and uniquen…
We study whether the solutions of a fully nonlinear, uniformly parabolic equation with superquadratic growth in the gradient satisfy initial and homogeneous boundary conditions in the classical sense, a problem we refer to as the classical Dirichlet problem. Our main results are: the nonexistence of global-in-time solutions of this problem, depending on a specific largeness condition on the initial data, and the existence of local-in-time solutions for initial data $C^1$ up to the boundary. Global existence is know when boundary conditions are understood in the viscosity sense, what is known a…
The second-grade fluid equations are a model for viscoelastic fluids, with two parameters: $α> 0$, corresponding to the elastic response, and $ν> 0$, corresponding to viscosity. Formally setting these parameters to $0$ reduces the equations to the incompressible Euler equations of ideal fluid flow. In this article we study the limits $α, ν\to 0$ of solutions of the second-grade fluid system, in a smooth, bounded, two-dimensional domain with no-slip boundary conditions. This class of problems interpolates between the Euler-$α$ model ($ν= 0$), for which the authors recently proved convergence to…
Let F be nonnegative, convex and smooth off a compact set K. We prove that continuous local minimisers of convex functionals are "very weak" viscosity solutions in the sense of Juutinen-Lindqvist of the highly singular Euler-Lagrange PDE expanded. The hypotheses on F do not guarrantee existence of minimising weak solutions and include the singular p-Laplacian for 1<p<2. A much deeper converse is also true, if K={0} and extra natural assumptions are satisfied. Our main advance is that we introduce systematic "flat" sup-convolution regularisations which apply to general singular nonlinear PDEs i…
We study a nonlinear porous medium type equation involving the infinity Laplacian operator. We first consider the problem posed on a bounded domain and prove existence of maximal nonnegative viscosity solutions. Uniqueness is obtained for strictly positive solutions with Lipschitz in time data. We also describe the asymptotic behaviour for the Dirichlet problem in the class of maximal solutions. We then discuss the Cauchy problem posed in the whole space. As in the standard porous medium equation (PME), solutions which start with compact support exhibit a free boundary propagating with finite …
In this paper, we prove in two dimensions global identifiability of the viscosity in an incompressible fluid by making boundary measurements. The main contribution of this work is to use more natural boundary measurements, the Cauchy forces, than the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map previously considered in \cite{IY} to prove the uniqueness of the viscosity for the Stokes equations and for the Navier-Stokes equations.
We introduce the concept of k-strictly convexity to describe the accurate convexity of convex domains some directions of which boundary may be flat. Basing this accurate convexity, we construct sub-solutions the Dirichlet problem for some degenerate-singular Monge-Ampère type equations and prove the sharp boundary estimates for convex viscosity solutions of the problem. As a result, we obtain the optimal global Hölder regularity of the convex viscosity solutions.
We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Dirichlet problem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations with large drift terms, where the drift terms are given by the Hamiltonian vector fields of Hamiltonian $H$. This is an attempt to understand the averaging effect for fully nonlinear degenerate elliptic equations. In this work, we restrict ourselves to the case of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The second author has already established averaging results for Hamilton-Jacobi equations with convex Hamiltonians ($G$ below) under the classical formulation of the Dirichlet condition. Here we treat the Di…
This paper is devoted to the study of uniform $W^{1,\frac{np}{n-p}}$- and $W^{2,p}$-estimates for viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear, uniformly elliptic, periodic homogenization problems, up to boundaries, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We characterize the size of "effective" Hessian and gradient of viscosity solutions to homogenization problems, and prove its uniform integrability without any regularity assumption on the governing functionals. Our estimates are new even for the standard problems. Our analysis applies to a large class of non-convex functionals.
