In this article, we prove that a free divisor in a three dimensional complex manifold must be Euler homogeneous in a strong sense if the cohomology of its complement is the hypercohomology of its logarithmic differential forms. F.J. Calderon-Moreno et al. conjectured this implication in all dimensions and proved it in dimension two. We prove a theorem which describes in all dimensions a special minimal system of generators for the module of formal logarithmic vector fields. This formal structure theorem is closely related to the formal decomposition of a vector field by Kyoji Saito and is used in the proof of the above result. Another consequence of the formal structure theorem is that the truncated Lie algebras of logarithmic vector fields up to dimension three are solvable. We give an example that this may fail in higher dimensions.
We consider a version of the Lipman-Zariski conjecture for logarithmic vector fields and logarithmic $1$-forms on pairs. Let $(X,D)$ be a pair consisting of a normal complex variety $X$ and an effective Weil divisor $D$ such that the sheaf of logarithmic vector fields (or dually the sheaf of reflexive logarithmic $1$-forms) is locally free. We prove that in this case the following holds: If $(X,D)$ is dlt, then $X$ is necessarily smooth and $\lfloor D\rfloor $ is snc. If $(X,D)$ is lc or the logarithmic $1$-forms are locally generated by closed forms, then $(X,\lfloor D\rfloor)$ is toroidal.
This is a review article on the Gauss-Manin system associated to the complete intersection singularities of projection. We show how the logarithmic vector fields appear as coefficients to the Gauss-Manin system. We examine further how the multiplication table on the Jacobian quotient module calculates the logarithmic vector fields tangent to the discriminant and the bifurcation set . As applications, we establish signature formulae for Euler characteristics of real hypersurfaces and real complete intersections by means of these fields.
We consider irreducible logarithmic connections $(E,\,δ)$ over compact Riemann surfaces $X$ of genus at least two. The underlying vector bundle $E$ inherits a natural parabolic structure over the singular locus of the connection $δ$; the parabolic structure is given by the residues of $δ$. We prove that for the universal isomonodromic deformation of the triple $(X,\,E,\,δ)$, the parabolic vector bundle corresponding to a generic parameter in the Teichmüller space is parabolically stable. In the case of parabolic vector bundles of rank two, the general parabolic vector bundle is even parabolica…
We study divisors in a complex manifold in view of the property that the algebra of logarithmic differential operators along the divisor is generated by logarithmic vector fields. We give a sufficient criterion for the property, a simple proof of F.J. Calderon-Moreno's theorem that free divisors have the property, a proof that divisors in dimension 3 with only isolated quasi-homogeneous singularities have the property, an example of a non-free divisor with non-isolated singularity having the property, an example of a divisor not having the property, and an algorithm to compute the V-filtration…
In this article we prove that the complement of a very generic curve of degree at least equal to 14 in the complex projective plane is hyperbolic in the sense of Kobayashi. Thus, using a new method, we improve the former known bound obtained by El Goul. We also improve the case of a very generic curve with two components.
For a reduced curve $C:f=0$ in the complex projective plane $\mathbb{P}^2$, we study the set of jumping lines for the rank two vector bundle $T\langle C \rangle $ on $\mathbb{P}^2$, whose sections are the logarithmic vector fields along $C$. We point out the relations of these jumping lines with the Lefschetz type properties of the Jacobian module of $f$ and with the Bourbaki ideal of the module of Jacobian syzygies of $f$. In particular, when the vector bundle $T\langle C \rangle $ is unstable, a line is a jumping line if and only if it meets the 0-dimensional subscheme defined by this Bourba…
We extend the formalism of "log spaces" of arXiv:1507.06752 to topoi equipped with a sheaf of monoids, and discuss Deligne--Faltings structures and root stacks in this context.
We study the logarithmic vector bundles associated to arrangements of smooth irreducible curves with small degree on the blow-up of the projective plane at one point. We then investigate whether they are Torelli arrangements, that is, they can be recovered from the attached logarithmic vector bundles.
We study the sheaves of logarithmic vector fields along smooth cubic curves in the projective plane, and prove a Torelli-type theorem in the sense of Dolgachev-Kapranov for those with non-vanishing j-invariants.
We show that a smooth divisor in a projective space can be reconstructed from the isomorphism class of the sheaf of logarithmic vector fields along it if and only if its defining equation is of Sebastiani-Thom type.
Let X be a smooth complete complex toric variety such that the boundary is a simple normal crossing divisor, and let E be a holomorphic vector bundle on X. We prove that E admits an equivariant structure if and only if E admits a logarithmic connection singular over D. More precisely, we show that an equivariant vector bundle on X has a tautological integrable logarithmic connection singular over D. This is used in computing the Chern classes of the equivariant vector bundles on X. We also prove a version of the result for holomorphic vector bundles on log parallelizable G-pairs (X,D), where G…
We investigate the relative logarithmic connections on a holomorphic vector bundle over a complex analytic family. We give a sufficient condition for the existence of a relative logarithmic connection on a holomorphic vector bundle singular over a relative simple normal crossing divisor. We define the relative residue of relative logarithmic connection and express relative Chern classes of a holomorphic vector bundle in terms of relative residues.
Let $\calO_K$ be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic $(0,p)$ with a perfect residue field. In this paper, for a semi-stable $p$-adic formal scheme $\frakX$ over $\calO_K$ with rigid generic fibre $X$ and canonical log structure $\calM_{\frakX} = \calO_{\frakX}\cap\calO_X^{\times}$, we study Hodge--Tate crystals over the absolute logarithmic prismatic site $(\frakX,\calM_{\frakX})_{\Prism}$. As an application, we give an equivalence between the category of rational Hodge--Tate crystals on the absolute logarithmic prismatic site $(\frakX,\calM_{\frakX})_{\Prism}$ and the c…
We recall first the relations between the syzygies of the Jacobian ideal of the defining equation for a projective hypersurface $V$ with isolated singularities and the versality properties of $V$, as studied by du Plessis and Wall. Then we show how the bounds on the global Tjurina number of $V$ obtained by du Plessis and Wall lead to substantial improvements of our previous results on the stability of the reflexive sheaf $T\langle V\rangle$ of logarithmic vector fields along $V$, and on the Torelli property in the sense of Dolgachev-Kapranov of $V$.
The germ of an analytic set $(X,p)$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$ has an associated $\mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{C}^n,p}$-module $\mathrm{Der}(-\log X)$ of `logarithmic vector fields', the ambient germs of holomorphic vector fields tangent to the smooth locus of $X$. For a module $L\subseteq \mathrm{Der}(-\log X)$ let $I_k(L)$ be the ideal generated by the $k\times k$ minors of a matrix of generators for $L$; these are the Fitting ideals of $\mathrm{Der}_{\mathbb{C}^n,p}/L$. We aim to: (i) find sufficient conditions on $\{I_k(L)\}$ to prove $L=\mathrm{Der}(-\log X)$; (ii) identify $\{I_k(\mathrm{Der}(-\log X))\}…
Logarithmic differential forms and logarithmic vector fields associated to a hypersurface with an isolated singularity are considered in the context of computational complex analysis. As applications, based on the concept of torsion differential forms due to A.G. Aleksandrov, regular meromorphic differential forms introduced by D. Barlet and M. Kersken, and Brieskorn formulae on Gauss-Manin connections are investigated. (i) A method is given to describe singular parts of regular meromorphic differential forms in terms of non-trivial logarithmic vector fields via Saito's logarithmic residues. T…
Le Stum and Quirós proved the formal Poincaré lemma in crystalline cohomology of higher level using the jet complex, and applied it to give a de Rham interpretation of this cohomology. In this article, we prove the logarithmic version of the formal Poincaré lemma modulo p. Provided that each term of the log. jet complex is locally free, it gives the logarithmic version of the de Rham interpretation of the crystalline cohomology of higher level.
We investigate the relations between the syzygies of the Jacobian ideal of the defining equation for a plane curve $C$ and the stability of the sheaf of logarithmic vector fields along $C$, the freeness of the divisor $C$ and the Torelli properties of $C$ (in the sense of Dolgachev-Kapranov). We show in particular that curves with a small number of nodes and cusps are Torelli in this sense.
We give a formula relating the total Tjurina number and the generic splitting type of the bundle of logarithmic vector fields associated to a reduced plane curve. By using it, we give a characterization of nearly free curves in terms of splitting types. Several applications to free and nearly free arrangements of lines are also given, in particular a proof of a form of Terao's Conjecture for arrangements having a line with at most 4 intersection points.
We describe the mod $p^r$ pro $K$-groups $\{K_n(A/I^s)/p^r\}_s$ of a regular local $\mathbb F_p$-algebra $A$ modulo powers of a suitable ideal $I$, in terms of logarithmic Hodge-Witt groups, by proving pro analogues of the theorems of Geisser-Levine and Bloch-Kato-Gabber. This is achieved by combining the pro Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg theorem in topological cyclic homology with the development of the theory of de Rham-Witt complexes and logarithmic Hodge-Witt sheaves on formal schemes in characteristic $p$. Applications include the following: the infinitesimal part of the weak Lefschetz con…
We investigate the arrangement of hypersurfaces on a nonsingular varieties whose associated logarithmic vector bundle is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (for short, aCM), and prove that the projective space is the only smooth complete intersection with Picard rank one that admits an aCM logarithmic vector bundle. We also obtain a number of results on aCM logarithmic vector bundles over several specific varieties. As an opposite situation we investigate the Torelli-type problem that the logarithmic cohomology determines the arrangement.
Let A be a union of smooth plane curves C_i, such that each singular point of A is quasihomogeneous. We prove that if C is a smooth curve such that each singular point of A U C is also quasihomogeneous, then there is an elementary modification of rank two bundles, which relates the O_{P^2} module Der(log A) of vector fields on P^2 tangent to A to the module Der(log A U C). This yields an inductive tool for studying the splitting of the bundles Der(log A) and Der(log A U C), depending on the geometry of the divisor A|_C on C.
Let $X$ be a nonsingular complex variety and $D$ a reduced effective divisor in $X$. In this paper we study the conditions under which the formula $c_{SM}(1_U)=c(\textup{Der}_X(-\log D))\cap [X]$ is true. We prove that this formula is equivalent to a Riemann-Roch type of formula. As a corollary, we show that over a surface, the formula is true if and only if the Milnor number equals the Tjurina number at each singularity of $D$. We also show the Rimann-Roch type of formula is true if the Jacobian scheme of $D$ is nonsingular or a complete intersection.
Let $X$ be a nonsingular complex projective variety and $D$ a locally quasi-homogeneous free divisor in $X$. In this paper we study a numerical relation between the Chern class of the sheaf of logarithmic derivations on $X$ with respect to $D$, and the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of the complement of $D$ in $X$. Our result confirms a conjectural formula for these classes, at least after push-forward to projective space; it proves the full form of the conjecture for locally quasi-homogeneous free divisors in $\mathbb P^n$. The result generalizes several previously known results. For example…
The generic element of the moduli space of logarithmic connections with parabolic points on holomorphic vector bundle over the Riemann sphere can be represented by a Fuchsian equation with some singularities and some apparent singularities. We analyze the case of rank $3$ vector bundle which leads to third order Fuchsian equation. We find coordinates on an open subset of the moduli space and we construct a non-trivial part of the moduli space by blowing up along a variety in a special case.
Given a vector bundle $E$ on a smooth projective curve or surface $X$ carrying the structure of a $V$-twisted Hitchin pair for some vector bundle $V$, we observe that the associated tautological bundle $E^{[n]}$ on the punctual Hilbert scheme of points $X^{[n]}$ has an induced structure of a $((V^\vee)^{[n]})^\vee$-twisted Hitchin pair, where $(V^\vee)^{[n]}$ is a vector bundle on $X^{[n]}$ constructed using the dual $V^\vee$ of $V$. In particular, a Higgs bundle on $X$ induces a logarithmic Higgs bundle on the Hilbert scheme $X^{[n]}$. We then show that the known results on stability of tauto…
Maulik and Ranganathan have recently introduced moduli spaces of logarithmic stable pairs. We examine the theory in the case of toric surfaces, and recast the theory in this case using three ingredients: Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky secondary polytopes, Hilbert schemes of points, and tautological vector bundles. In particular logarithmic stable pairs spaces are expressed as the zero set of an explicit section of a vector bundle on a logarithmically smooth space, thus providing an explicit description of their virtual fundamental class. A key feature of our construction is that moduli space…
Integration-by-parts identities between loop integrals arise from the vanishing integration of total derivatives in dimensional regularization. Generic choices of total derivatives in the Baikov or parametric representations lead to identities which involve dimension shifts. These dimension shifts can be avoided by imposing a certain constraint on the total derivatives. The solutions of this constraint turn out to be a specific type of syzygies which correspond to logarithmic vector fields along the Gram determinant formed of the independent external and loop momenta. We present an explicit ge…
We introduce framed formal curves, which are formal algebraic curves with boundary components parametrized by the punctured formal disk. We study the moduli space of nodal framed formal curves, which we endow with a logarithmic structure. We show that this moduli space is a smooth formal logarithmic stack. The remarkable property of our construction is that framed formal curves admit a natural operation of "gluing along the boundary" which works well in families and preserves smoothness (both in a formal and in a logarithmic sense), and this induces gluing maps on the level of moduli. Using mo…
A complex hypersurface D in complex affine n-space C^n is a linear free divisor (LFD) if its module of logarithmic vector fields has a global basis of linear vector fields. We classify all LFDs for n at most 4. Analogous to Grothendieck's comparison theorem, we say that the global logarithmic comparison theorem (GLCT) holds for D if the complex of global logarithmic differential forms computes the complex cohomology of the complement of D in C^n. We develop a general criterion for the GLCT for LFDs and prove that it is fulfilled whenever the Lie algebra of linear logarithmic vector fields is r…
Let $k$ be a perfect field, and $X$ an irreducible smooth projective curve over $k$. We give a criterion for a vector bundle over $X$ to admit a logarithmic connection singular over a finite subset of $X$ with given residues, where residues are assumed to be rigid.
Let $S$ be a finite subset of a compact connected Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g \geq 2$. Let $\cat{M}_{lc}(n,d)$ denote the moduli space of pairs $(E,D)$, where $E$ is a holomorphic vector bundle over $X$ and $D$ is a logarithmic connection on $E$ singular over $S$, with fixed residues in the centre of $\mathfrak{gl}(n,\C)$, where $n$ and $d$ are mutually corpime. Let $L$ denote a fixed line bundle with a logarithmic connection $D_L$ singular over $S$. Let $\cat{M}'_{lc}(n,d)$ and $\cat{M}_{lc}(n,L)$ be the moduli spaces parametrising all pairs $(E,D)$ such that underlying vector bundle $E$ …
We define the branched analog of SL(r,C)-opers and investigate their properties. For the usual SL(r,C)-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle is independent of the opers. For the branched SL(r,C)-opers, the underlying holomorphic vector bundle depends on the oper. Given a branched SL(r,C)-oper, we associate to it another holomorphic vector bundle equipped with a logarithmic connection. This holomorphic vector bundle does not depend on the branched oper. We characterize the branched SL(r,C)-opers in terms of the logarithmic connections on this fixed holomorphic vector bundle.
Let $X$ be a complex analytic manifold, $D\subset X$ a free divisor with jacobian ideal of linear type (e.g. a locally quasi-homogeneous free divisor), $j: U=X-D \to X$ the corresponding open inclusion, $E$ an integrable logarithmic connection with respect to $D$ and $L$ the local system of the horizontal sections of $E$ on $U$. In this paper we prove that the canonical morphisms between the logarithmic de Rham complex of $E(kD)$ and $R j_* L$ (resp. the logarithmic de Rham complex of $E(-kD)$ and $j_!L$) are isomorphisms in the derived category of sheaves of complex vector spaces for $k\gg 0$…
For an $A$-hypergeometric system with parameter $β$, a vector $v$ with minimal negative support satisfying $Av = β$ gives rise to a logarithm-free series solution. We find conditions on $v$ analogous to `minimal negative support' that guarantee the existence of logarithmic solutions of the system and we give explicit formulas for those solutions. Although we do not study in general the question of when these logarithmic solutions lie in a Nilsson ring, we do examine the $A$-hypergeometric systems corresponding to the Picard-Fuchs equations of certain families of complete intersections and we s…
The discriminant, $D$, in the base of a miniversal deformation of an irreducible plane curve singularity, is partitioned according to the genus of the (singular) fibre, or, equivalently, by the sum of the delta invariants of the singular points of the fibre. The members of the partition are known as the {\it Severi strata}. The smallest is the $δ$-constant stratum, $D(δ)$, where the genus of the fibre is $0$. It is well known, by work of Givental' and Varchenko, to be Lagrangian with respect to the symplectic form $Ω$ obtained by pulling back the intersection form on the cohomology of the fibr…
We prove the equality of two non-logarithmic ramification filtrations defined by Matsuda and Abbes-Saito for the abelianized absolute Galois group of a complete discrete valuation field in positive characteristic. We also compute the refined Swan conductor and the characteristic form of a character of the fundamental group of a smooth separated scheme over a perfect field of positive characteristic by using sheaves of Witt vectors.
Many papers are devoted to study logarithmic sheaves associated to reduced divisors, in particular logarithmic bundles associated to plane curves since forty years in differential and algebraic topology or geometry. An interesting family of these curves are the so-called free ones for which the associated logarithmic sheaf is the direct sum of two line bundles. When the curve is a finite set of distinct lines (i.e. a line arrangement), Terao conjectured thirty years ago that its freeness depends only on its combinatorics. A lot of efforts were done to prove it but at this time it is only prove…
We present local classification results for isolated singularities of functions with respect to a Nambu structure (multi-vector field) of maximal degree, in a neighbourhood of a smooth point of its degeneracy hypersurface. The results depend on a logarithmic version of the Brieskorn-Sebastiani theorem, which guarantees the finiteness and freeness of the corresponding deformation module. This relates the functional moduli of the classification problem with the integrals of logarithmic forms along the vanishing cycles of the complement of the Milnor fibers of the restriction of the function on t…
Any arrangement of hyperplanes in general position in $P^n$ can be regarded as a divisor with normal crossing. We study the bundles of logarithmic 1-forms corresponding to such divisors` from the point of view of classification of vector bundles on $P^n$. It turns out that all such bundles are stable. The study of jumping lines of these bundles gives a unified treatment of several classical constructions associating a curve to a collection of points in $P^n$. The main result of the paper is "Torelli theorem" which says that the collection of hyperplanes can be recovered from the isomorphism cl…
