We prove the existence of sectors of minimal growth for general closed extensions of elliptic cone operators under natural ellipticity conditions. This is achieved by the construction of a suitable parametrix and reduction to the boundary. Special attention is devoted to the clarification of the analytic structure of the resolvent.
This paper is a continuation of the investigation of resolvents of elliptic operators on conic manifolds from math.AP/0410178 and math.AP/0410176 to the case of manifolds with boundary and realizations of operators under boundary conditions. We prove the existence of sectors of minimal growth for realizations of boundary value problems for cone operators under natural ellipticity conditions on the symbols. Special attention is devoted to the clarification of the analytic structure of the resolvent.
Sharp resolvent bounds for non-selfadjoint semiclassical elliptic quadratic differential operators are established, in the interior of the range of the associated quadratic symbol.
We construct the Schwartz kernel of resolvent and spectral measure for Schrödinger operators on the flat Euclidean cone $(X,g)$, where $X=C(\mathbb{S}_σ^1)=(0,\infty)\times \mathbb{S}_σ^1$ is a product cone over the circle, $\mathbb{S}_σ^1=\R/2πσ\Z$, with radius $σ>0$ and the metric $g=dr^2+r^2 dθ^2$. As products, we prove the dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger and half-wave propagators in this setting.
The paper reports on a recent construction of M-functions and Krein resolvent formulas for general closed extensions of an adjoint pair, and their implementation to boundary value problems for second-order strongly elliptic operators on smooth domains. The results are then extended to domains with $C^{1,1}$ Hölder smoothness, by use of a recently developed calculus of pseudodifferential boundary operators with nonsmooth symbols.
We study closed extensions A of an elliptic differential operator on a manifold with conical singularities, acting as an unbounded operator on a weighted L_p-space. Under suitable conditions we show that the resolvent (λ-A)^{-1} exists in a sector of the complex plane and decays like 1/|λ| as |λ| tends to infinity. Moreover, we determine the structure of the resolvent with enough precision to guarantee existence and boundedness of imaginary powers of A. As an application we treat the Laplace-Beltrami operator for a metric with straight conical degeneracy and describe domains yielding maximal r…
We study resolvents and spectral projections for quadratic differential operators under an assumption of partial ellipticity. We establish exponential-type resolvent bounds for these operators, including Kramers-Fokker-Planck operators with quadratic potentials. For the norms of spectral projections for these operators, we obtain complete asymptotic expansions in dimension one, and for arbitrary dimension, we obtain exponential upper bounds and the rate of exponential growth in a generic situation. We furthermore obtain a complete characterization of those operators with orthogonal spectral pr…
Let $A$ be an elliptic operator on a compact manifold with boundary $M$, and let $\wp : \partial\M \to Y$ be a covering map, where $Y$ is a closed manifold. Let $A_C$ be a realization of $A$ subject to a coupling condition $C$ that is elliptic with parameter in the sector $Λ$. By a coupling condition we mean a nonlocal boundary condition that respects the covering structure of the boundary. We prove that the resolvent trace $\Tr_{L^2} (A_C-λ)^{-N}$ for $N$ sufficiently large has a complete asymptotic expansion as $|λ| \to \infty$, $λ\in Λ$. In particular, the heat trace $\Tr_{L^2}e^{-tA_C}$ ha…
We give a uniform description of resolvents and complex powers of elliptic semiclassical cone differential operators as the semiclassical parameter $h$ tends to $0$. An example of such an operator is the shifted semiclassical Laplacian $h^2Δ_g+1$ on a manifold $(X, g)$ of dimension $n\geq 3$ with conic singularities. Our approach is constructive and based on techniques from geometric microlocal analysis: we construct the Schwartz kernels of resolvents and complex powers as conormal distributions on a suitable resolution of the space $[0,1)_h\times X\times X$ of $h$-dependent integral kernels; …
We study resolvent approximations for elliptic differential nonselfadjoint operators with periodic coefficients in the limit of the small period. The class of operators covered by our analysis includes uniformly elliptic families with bounded coefficients and also with unbounded coefficients from the John-Nirenberg space $BMO$ (bounded mean oscillation). We apply the modified method of the first approximation with the usage of Steklov's smoothing.
We prove uniform $L^p$ estimates for resolvents of higher order elliptic self-adjoint differential operators on compact manifolds without boundary, generalizing a corresponding resul of [3] in the case of Laplace-- Beltrami operators on Riemannian manifolds. In doing so, we follow the methods, developed in [1] very closely. We also show that spectral regions in our $L^p$ resolvent estimates are optimal.
We study the asymptotic behaviour, as the small parameter $\varepsilon$ tends to zero, of the resolvents of uniformly elliptic second-order differential operators with locally periodic coefficients depending on the slow variable $x$ and the fast variable $x/\varepsilon$, with periodicity only in the fast variable. We provide a construction for the leading terms in the operator asymptotics of these resolvents in the sense of $L^2$-operator-norm convergence with order $\varepsilon^2$ remainder estimates. We apply the modified method of the first approximation with the usage of the shift.
Given a symmetric, semi-bounded, second order elliptic differential operator on a bounded domain with $C^{1,1}$ boundary, we provide a Krein-type formula for the resolvent difference between its Friedrichs extension and an arbitrary self-adjoint one.
We analyze the inverse problem of identifying the diffusivity coefficient of a scalar elliptic equation as a function of the resolvent operator. We prove that, within the class of measurable coefficients, bounded above and below by positive constants, the resolvent determines the diffusivity in an unique manner. Furthermore we prove that the inverse mapping from resolvent to the coefficient is Lipschitz in suitable topologies. This result plays a key role when applying greedy algorithms to the approximation of parameter-dependent elliptic problems in an uniform and robust manner, independent o…
We consider an infinite planar straight strip perforated by small holes along a curve. In such domain, we consider a general second order elliptic operator subject to classical boundary conditions on the holes. Assuming that the perforation is non-periodic and satisfies rather weak assumptions, we describe all possible homogenized problems. Our main result is the norm resolvent convergence of the perturbed operator to a homogenized one in various operator norms and the estimates for the rate of convergence. On the basis of the norm resolvent convergence, we prove the convergence of the spectru…
For a strongly elliptic second-order operator $A$ on a bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ it has been known for many years how to interpret the general closed $L_2(Ω)$-realizations of $A$ as representing boundary conditions (generally nonlocal), when the domain and coefficients are smooth. The purpose of the present paper is to extend this representation to nonsmooth domains and coefficients, including the case of Hölder $C^{\frac32+\varepsilon}$-smoothness, in such a way that pseudodifferential methods are still available for resolvent constructions and ellipticity considerations. We show…
We consider self-adjoint realizations of a second-order elliptic differential expression on ${\mathbb R}^n$ with singular interactions of $δ$ and $δ^\prime$-type supported on a compact closed smooth hypersurface in ${\mathbb R}^n$. In our main results we prove spectral asymptotics formulae with refined remainder estimates for the singular values of the resolvent difference between the standard self-adjoint realizations and the operators with a $δ$ and $δ^\prime$-interaction, respectively. Our technique makes use of general pseudodifferential methods, classical results on spectral asymptotics o…
We study the asymptotic behaviour of the resolvents $({\mathcal A}^\varepsilon+I)^{-1}$ of elliptic second-order differential operators ${\mathcal A}^\varepsilon$ in ${\mathbb R}^d$ with periodic rapidly oscillating coefficients, as the period $\varepsilon$ goes to zero. The class of operators covered by our analysis includes both the "classical" case of uniformly elliptic families (where the ellipticity constant does not depend on $\varepsilon$) and the "double-porosity" case of coefficients that take contrasting values of order one and of order $\varepsilon^2$ in different parts of the perio…
We consider general second order uniformly elliptic operators subject to homogeneous boundary conditions on open sets $ϕ(Ω)$ parametrized by Lipschitz homeomorphisms $ϕ$ defined on a fixed reference domain $Ω$. Given two open sets $ϕ(Ω)$, $\tilde ϕ(Ω)$ we estimate the variation of resolvents, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions via the Sobolev norm $\|\tilde ϕ-ϕ\|_{W^{1,p}(Ω)}$ for finite values of $p$, under natural summability conditions on eigenfunctions and their gradients. We prove that such conditions are satisfied for a wide class of operators and open sets, including open sets with Lipschit…
We prove new $L^p$-$L^q$-estimates for solutions to elliptic differential operators with constant coefficients in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We use the estimates for the decay of the Fourier transform of particular surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with vanishing Gaussian curvature due to Erdős--Salmhofer to derive new Fourier restriction--extension estimates. These allow for constructing distributional solutions in $L^q(\mathbb{R}^3)$ for $L^p$-data via limiting absorption by well-known means.
In this paper, we study the estimates of resolvents $ R(λ,\mathcal{L}_{\varepsilon})=(\mathcal{L}_{\varepsilon}-λI)^{-1} $, where $$ \mathcal{L}_{\varepsilon}=-\operatorname{div}(A(x/\varepsilon)\nabla) $$ is a family of second elliptic operators with symmetric, periodic and oscillating coefficients defined on a bounded domain $ Ω$ with $ \varepsilon>0 $. For $ 1<p<\infty $, we will establish uniform $ L^p\to L^p $, $ L^p\to W_0^{1,p} $, $ W^{-1,p}\to L^p $ and $ W^{-1,p}\to W_0^{1,p} $ estimates by using the real variable method. Meanwhile, we use Green functions for operators $ \mathcal{L}_{…
We study resolvent estimates for non-selfadjoint semiclassical pseudodifferential operators with double characteristics. Assuming that the quadratic approximation along the double characteristics is elliptic, we obtain polynomial upper bounds on the resolvent in a suitable region inside the pseudospectrum.
We present an overview of some of our recent results on the existence of rays of minimal growth for elliptic cone operators and two new results concerning the necessity of certain conditions for the existence of such rays.
In this article, we shall construct the resolvent of Laplacian at high energies near the spectrum on non-product conic manifolds with a single cone tip. Microlocally, the resolvent kernel is the sum of b-pseudodifferential operators, scattering pseudodifferential operators and intersecting Legendrian distributions. As an application, we shall establish Strichartz estimates for Schrödinger equations on non-compact manifolds with multiple non-product conic singularities.
We construct a parametrix of a resolvent of elliptic differential operators acting on half-densities on manifolds with ends. The construction is carried out by introducing suitable pseudodifferential operators compatible with the end structure. Our class of pseudodifferential operators and symbols is independent of the choice of Riemannian metric on the manifold and applicable to both of asymptotically conical and hyperbolic manifolds. As an application, we prove the essential self-adjointness of elliptic symmetric differential operators on manifolds.
In the whole space $R^d$, $d\ge 2$, we study homogenization of a divergence form elliptic operator $A_\varepsilon$ of order $2m\ge 4$ with measurable $\varepsilon$-periodic coefficients, where $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. For the resolvent $(A_\varepsilon+1)^{-1}$, we construct an approximation with the remainder term of order $\varepsilon^2$ in the operator $(L^2{\to}H^m)$-norm, using the resolvent of the homogenized operator, solutions of several auxiliary periodic problems on the unit cube, and smoothing operators. The homogenized operator here differs from the one commonly employed …
We study positive supersolutions to an elliptic equation $(*)$: $-Δu=c|x|^{-s}u^p$, $p,s\in\bf R$ in cone-like domains in $\bf R^N$ ($N\ge 2$). We prove that in the sublinear case $p<1$ there exists a critical exponent $p_*<1$ such that equation $(*)$ has a positive supersolution if and only if $-\infty<p<p_*$. The value of $p_*$ is determined explicitly by $s$ and the geometry of the cone.
We present a simple proof of the resolvent estimates of elliptic Fourier multipliers on the Euclidean space, and apply them to the analysis of time-global and spatially-local smoothing estimates of a class of dispersive equations. For this purpose we study in detail the properties of the restriction of Fourier transform on the unit cotangent sphere associated with the symbols of multipliers.
Singular Green operators G appear typically as boundary correction terms in resolvents for elliptic boundary value problems on a domain Ω\subset R^n, and more generally they appear in the calculus of pseudodifferential boundary problems. In particular, the boundary term in a Krein resolvent formula is a singular Green operator. It is well-known in smooth cases that when G is of negative order -t on a bounded domain, its eigenvalues or s-numbers have the behavior (*) s_j(G) \sim c j^{-t/(n-1)} for j\to \infty, governed by the boundary dimension n-1. In some nonsmooth cases, upper estimates (**)…
We study the problem of the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to a superlinear second-order divergence type elliptic equation with measurable coefficients $(*)$: $-\nabla\cdot a\cdot\nabla u=u^p$ in an unbounded cone--like domain $G\subset\bf R^N$ $(N\ge 3)$. We prove that the critical exponent $p^*(a,G)=\inf\{p>1 : (*) \hbox{has a positive supersolution in} G\}$ for a nontrivial cone-like domain is always in $(1,N/(N-2))$ and in contrast with exterior domains depends both on the geometry of the domain $G$ and the coefficients $a$ of the equation.
In the whole space $R^d$, $d\ge 2$, we study homogenization of a divergence form elliptic fourth-order operator $A_\varepsilon$ with measurable $\varepsilon$-periodic coefficients, where $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. For the resolvent $(A_\varepsilon+1)^{-1}$, acting as an operator from $L^2$ to $H^2$, we find an approximation with remainder term of order $O(\varepsilon^2)$ as $\varepsilon$ tends to $0$. Relying on this result, we construct the resolvent approximation with remainder of order $O(\varepsilon^3)$ in the operator $L^2$-norm. We employ two-scale expansions that involve smooth…
We consider an elliptic pseudo differential equation in a multi-dimensional cone and starting wave factorization concept we add some boundary conditions. For the simplest cases explicit formulas for solution are given like layer potentials for classical case.
On a class of asymptotically conical manifolds, we prove two types of low frequency estimates for the resolvent of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. The first result is a uniform $ L^2 \rightarrow L^2 $ bound for $ \langle r \rangle^{-1} (- Δ_G - z)^{-1} \langle r \rangle^{-1} $ when $ \mbox{Re}(z) $ is small, with the optimal weight $ \langle r \rangle^{-1} $. The second one is about powers of the resolvent. For any integer $N$, we prove uniform $ L^2 \rightarrow L^2 $ bounds for $ \langle εr \rangle^{-N} (-ε^{-2} Δ_G - Z)^{-N} \langle εr \rangle^{-N} $ when $ \mbox{Re}(Z) $ belongs to a compact…
In a planar infinite strip with a fast oscillating boundary we consider an elliptic operator assuming that both the period and the amplitude of the oscillations are small. On the oscillating boundary we impose Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin boundary condition. In all cases we describe the homogenized operator, establish the uniform resolvent convergence of the perturbed resolvent to the homogenized one, and prove the estimates for the rate of convergence. These results are obtained as the order of the amplitude of the oscillations is less, equal or greater than that of the period. It is shown tha…
We study the existence and nonexistence of positive (super-)solutions to a singular semilinear elliptic equation $$-\nabla\cdot(|x|^A\nabla u)-B|x|^{A-2}u=C|x|^{A-σ}u^p$$ in cone--like domains of $\R^N$ ($N\ge 2$), for the full range of parameters $A,B,σ,p\in\R$ and $C>0$. We provide a complete characterization of the set of $(p,σ)\in\R^2$ such that the equation has no positive (super-)solutions, depending on the values of $A,B$ and the principle Dirichlet eigenvalue of the cross--section of the cone. The proofs are based on the explicit construction of appropriate barriers and involve the ana…
Homogenization of a scalar elliptic equation in a bounded domain with Neuman boundary condition is studied. Coefficients of the operator are oscillating over two different groups of variables with different small periods $\varepsilon$ and $δ=δ(\varepsilon)$. We assume that $δ/{\varepsilon}$ tends to zero as $\varepsilon$ tends to zero. It is known that the limit problem is obtained through reiterated homogenization procedure and corresponds to an elliptic equation with constant coefficients. The difference for resolvents of the initial and the limit problems is estimated in operator $(L^2\to L…
For a second-order symmetric strongly elliptic operator A on a smooth bounded open set Ωin R^n with boundary Σ, the mixed problem is defined by a Neumann-type condition on a part Sigma_+ of the boundary and a Dirichlet condition on the other part Sigma_-. We show a Krein resolvent formula, where the difference between its resolvent and the Dirichlet resolvent is expressed in terms of operators acting on Sobolev spaces over Sigma_+. This is used to obtain a new Weyl-type spectral asymptotics formula for the resolvent difference (where upper estimates were known before), namely s_j j^{2/(n-1)}\t…
We discuss counterexamples to the validity of the weak Maximum Principle for linear elliptic systems with zero and first order couplings and prove, through a suitable reduction to a nonlinear scalar equation, a quite general result showing that some algebraic condition on the structure of gradient couplings and a cooperativity condition on the matrix of zero order couplings guarantee the existence of invariant cones in the sense of Weinberger [21].
On a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary, we prove a spectral inequality for the bi-Laplace operator in the case of so-called "clamped" boundary conditions , that is, homogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann conditions simultaneously. We also prove a resolvent estimate for the generator of the damped plate semigroup associated with these boundary conditions. The spectral inequality allows one to observe finite sums of eigenfunctions for this fourth-order elliptic operator, from an arbitrary open subset of the manifold. Moreover, the constant that appears in the inequality grows as exp(C$μ$ 1/4)…
The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the spaces that can be specified as $L^2$ domains for the operators of a first order elliptic complex on a compact manifold with conical singularities. This entails an analysis of the nature of the minimal domain and of a complementary space in the maximal domain of each of the operators. The key technical result is the nondegeneracy of a certain pairing of cohomology classes associated with the indicial complex. It is further proved that the set of choices of domains leading to Hilbert complexes in the sense of Brüning and Lesc…
We consider a class of pseudodifferential operators with a doubly characteristic point, where the quadratic part of the symbol fails to be elliptic but obeys an averaging assumption. Under suitable additional assumptions, semiclassical resolvent estimates are established, where the modulus of the spectral parameter is allowed to grow slightly more rapidly than the semiclassical parameter.
The abstract theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators is used to construct self-adjoint realizations of a second-order elliptic operator on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with linear boundary conditions on (a relatively open part of) a compact hypersurface. Our approach allows to obtain Krein-like resolvent formulas where the reference operator coincides with the "free" operator with domain $H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$; this provides an useful tool for the scattering problem from a hypersurface. Concrete examples of this construction are developed in connection with the standard boundary conditio…
Let ${\mathcal O} \subset {\mathbb R}^d$ be a bounded domain with the boundary of class $C^{1,1}$. In $L_2({\mathcal O};{\mathbb C}^n)$, a matrix elliptic second order differential operator ${\mathcal A}_{N,\varepsilon}$ with the Neumann boundary condition is considered. Here $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter, the coefficients of ${\mathcal A}_{N,\varepsilon}$ are periodic and depend on ${\mathbf x} /\varepsilon$. There are no regularity assumptions on the coefficients. It is shown that the resolvent $({\mathcal A}_{N,\varepsilon}+λI)^{-1}$ converges in the $L_2({\mathcal O};{\mathbb C}^n)$…
In this paper we provide a complete study of the spectrum of a constant coefficients differential operator on a scale of localized Sobolev spaces, $H^{s}_{loc}(I),$ which are Fréchet spaces. This is quite different from what we find in the literature, where all the relevant results are concerned with spectrum on Banach spaces. Our aim is to understand the behavior of all the three types of spectrum (point, residual and continuous) and the relation between them and those of the dual operator. The main result we present shows that there is no complex number in the resolvent set of such operators…
Given a reflexive Banach space $X$, we consider a class of functionals $Φ\in C^1(X,\Re)$ that do not behave in a uniform way, in the sense that the map $t \mapsto Φ(tu)$, $t>0$, does not have a uniform geometry with respect to $u\in X$. Assuming instead such a uniform behavior within an open cone $Y \subset X \setminus \{0\}$, we show that $Φ$ has a ground state relative to $Y$. Some further conditions ensure that this relative ground state is the (absolute) ground state of $Φ$. Several applications to elliptic equations and systems are given.
We consider the (viscosity) solution $u^\varepsilon$ of the elliptic equation $\varepsilon^2Δ_p^G u= u$ in a domain (not necessarily bounded), satisfying $u=1$ on its boundary. Here, $Δ_p^G$ is the {\it game-theoretic or normalized $p$-laplacian}. We derive asymptotic formulas for $\varepsilon\to 0^+$ involving the values of $u^\varepsilon$, in the spirit of Varadhan's work \cite{Va}, and its $q$-mean on balls touching the boundary, thus generalizing that obtained in \cite{MS-AM} for $p=q=2$. As in a related parabolic problem, investigated in \cite{BM}, we link the relevant asymptotic behavior…
