For two covariant differential *-calculi, the twisted cyclic cocycle associated with the volume form is represented in terms of commutators [F,ρ(x)] for some self-adjoint operator F and some *-representation $ρ$ of the underlying *-algebra.
We study some aspects of the theory of non-commutative differential calculi over complex algebras, especially over the Hopf algebras associated to compact quantum groups in the sense of S.L. Woronowicz. Our principal emphasis is on the theory of twisted graded traces and their associated twisted cyclic cocycles. One of our principal results is a new method of constructing differential calculi, using twisted graded traces.
A unitary orthosymplectic quantum supergroup is introduced. Two covariant differential calculi on the quantum superspace $SP_q^{1|2}$ are presented. The $h$-deformed symplectic superspaces via a contraction of the $q$-deformed symplectic superspaces are obtained. A new $h$-deformation of the Heisenberg superalgebra is given.
In this work, we introduce the ${\mathbb Z}_3$-graded differential algebra, denoted by $Ω(\widetilde{\rm GL}_q(2))$, treated as the ${\mathbb Z}_3$-graded quantum de Rham complex of ${\mathbb Z}_3$-graded quantum group $\widetilde{\rm GL}_q(2)$. In this sense, we construct left-covariant differential calculi on the ${\mathbb Z}_3$-graded quantum group $\widetilde{\rm GL}_q(2)$.
We investigate covariant first order differential calculi on the quantum complex projective spaces CP_q^{N-1} which are quantum homogeneous spaces for the quantum group SU_q(N). Hereby, one more well-studied example of covariant first order differential calculus on a quantum homogeneous space is given. Since the complex projective spaces are subalgebras of the quantum spheres S_q^{2N-1} introduced by Vaksman and Soibelman, we get also an example of the relations between covariant differential calculus on two closely related quantum spaces. Two approaches are combined in obtaining covariant fir…
Let A be a coquasitriangular Hopf algebra and X the subalgebra of A generated by a row of a matrix corepresentation u or by a row of u and a row of the contragredient representation u^c. In the paper left-covariant first order differential calculi on the quantum group A are constructed and the corresponding induced calculi on the left quantum space X are described. The main tool for these constructions are the L-functionals associated with u. The results are applied to the quantum homogeneous space GL_q(N)/GL_q(N-1).
For transcendental values of q the quantum tangent spaces of all left-covariant first order differential calculi of dimension less than four on the quantum group $\SLq 2$ are given. All such differential calculi $Γ$ are determined and investigated for which the left-invariant differential one-forms $ω(u^1_2)$, $ω(u^2_1)$ and $ω(u^1_1-u^2_2)$ generate $Γ$ as a bimodule and the universal higher order differential calculus has the same dimension as in the classical case. Important properties (cohomology spaces, *-structures, braidings, generalized Lie brackets) of these calculi are examined as we…
We study $N^2-1$ dimensional left-covariant differential calculi on the quantum group $SL_q(N)$ for which the generators of the quantum Lie algebras annihilate the quantum trace. In this way we obtain one distinguished calculus on $SL_q(2)$ (which corresponds to Woronowicz' 3D-calculus on $SU_q(2)$) and two distinguished calculi on $SL_q(3)$ such that the higher order calculi give the ordinary differential calculus on $SL(2)$ and $SL(3)$, respectively, in the limit $q\rightarrow 1$. Two new differential calculi on $SL_q(3)$ are introduced and developed in detail.
A method of constructing covariant differential calculi on a quantum homogeneous space is devised. The function algebra X of the quantum homogeneous space is assumed to be a left coideal of a coquasitriangular Hopf algebra H and to contain the coefficients of any matrix over H which is the two-sided inverse of one with entries in X. The method is based on partial derivatives. For the quantum sphere of Podles and the quantizations of symmetric spaces due to Noumi, Dijkhuizen and Sugitani the construction produces the subcalculi of the standard bicovariant calculus on the quantum group.
A differential calculus of the first order over multi-braided quantum groups is developed. In analogy with the standard theory, left/right-covariant and bicovariant differential structures are introduced and investigated. Furthermore, antipodally covariant calculi are studied. The concept of the *-structure on a multi-braided quantum group is formulated, and in particular the structure of left-covariant *-covariant calculi is analyzed. A special attention is given to differential calculi covariant with respect to the action of the associated braid system. In particular it is shown that the lef…
Let A be a cosemisimple Hopf *-algebra with antipode S and let $Γ$ be a left-covariant first order differential *-calculus over A such that $Γ$ is self-dual and invariant under the Hopf algebra automorphism S^2. A quantum Clifford algebra $\Cl(Γ,σ,g)$ is introduced which acts on Woronowicz' external algebra $Γ^\wedge$. A minimal left ideal of $\Cl(Γ,σ,g)$ which is an A-bimodule is called a spinor module. Metrics on spinor modules are investigated. The usual notion of a linear left connection on $Γ$ is extended to quantum Clifford algebras and also to spinor modules. The corresponding Dirac ope…
Let (G,d) be a first order differential *-calculus on a *-algebra A. We say that a pair (π,F) of a *-representation πof A on a dense domain D of a Hilbert space and a symmetric operator F on D gives a commutator representation of G if there exists a linear mapping t:G -> L(D) such that t(adb)=π(a)i[F,π(b)], a,b in A. Among others, it is shown that each left-covariant *-calculus G of a compact quantum group Hopf *-algebra A has a faithful commutator representation. For a class of bicovariant *-calculi on A there is a commutator representation such that F is the image of a central element of the…
In this report we give an intrinsic treatment of the results we developed in a previous work connecting the differential calculi on Hopf algebras to the Drinfeld double. In the first place we recover that bicovariant bimodules are in one to one correspondence with the Drinfeld double representations; we then introduce a Hochschild cohomology of the algebra of functions and discuss the main result stating that each differential calculus is associated to a 1-cocycle satisfying an additional invariance condition with respect to a natural action. Defining a Hochschild cohomology of the double, the…
A variety of three-dimensional left-covariant differential calculi on the quantum group $SU_q(2)$ is considered using an approach based on global $ U(1) $ -covariance. Explicit representations of possible $q $-Lie algebras are constructed in terms of differential operators. A gauge covariant differential algebra is uniquely determined. The non-standard Leibnitz rule is obtained for a corresponding $q$-Lie algebra.
We study covariant differential calculus on the quantum spheres S_q^{N-1} which are quantum homogeneous spaces with coactions of the quantum groups O_q(N). The first part of the paper is devoted to first order differential calculus. A classification result is proved which says that for N>=6 there exist exactly two covariant first order differential calculi on S_q^{N-1} which satisfy the classification constraint that the bimodule of one-forms is generated as a free left module by the differentials of the generators of S_q^{N-1}. Both calculi exist also for 3<=N<=5. The same calculi can be cons…
We propose a sheaf-theoretic approach to the theory of differential calculi on quantum principal bundles over non-affine bases. After recalling the affine case we define differential calculi on sheaves of comodule algebras as sheaves of covariant bimodules together with a morphism of sheaves -- the differential -- such that the Leibniz rule and surjectivity hold locally. The main class of examples is given by covariant calculi over quantum flag manifolds, which we provide via an explicit Ore extension construction. In a second step we introduce principal covariant calculi by requiring a local …
Covariant first order differential calculus over quantum complex Grassmann manifolds is considered. It is shown by a Pusz-Woronowicz type argument that under restriction to calculi close to classical Kaehler differentials there exist exactly two such calculi for the homogeneous coordinate ring. Complexification and localization procedures are used to induce covariant first order differential calculi over quantum Grassmann manifolds. It is shown that these differential calculi behave in many respects as their classical counterparts. As an example the q-deformed Chern character of the tautologic…
The differential calculus on n-dimensional quantum Minkowski space covariant with respect to left action of Kappa-Poincar'e group is constructed and its uniqueness is shown.
We show that bicovariant bimodules as defined by Woronowicz are in one to one correspondence with the Drinfeld quantum double representations. We then prove that a differential calculus associated to a bicovariant bimodule of dimension n is connected to the existence of a particular (n+1)--dimensional representation of the double. An example of bicovariant differential calculus on the non quasitriangular quantum group E_q(2) is developed. The construction is studied in terms of Hochschild cohomology and a correspondence between differential calculi and 1-cocycles is proved. Some differences of…
We study covariant derivatives on a class of centered bimodules $\mathcal{E}$ over an algebra A. We begin by identifying a $\mathbb{Z} ( A ) $-submodule $ \mathcal{X} ( A ) $ which can be viewed as the analogue of vector fields in this context; $ \mathcal{X} ( A ) $ is proven to be a Lie algebra. Connections on $\mathcal{E}$ are in one to one correspondence with covariant derivatives on $ \mathcal{X} ( A ). $ We recover the classical formulas of torsion and metric compatibility of a connection in the covariant derivative form. As a result, a Koszul formula for the Levi-Civita connection is als…
Using the Hecke $\hat R$-matrix, we give a definition of the lattice $(l,q)$-deformed $n$-component boson and Grassmann fields. Here $l$ is a deformation parameter for the commutation relations of "values" of these fields in two arbitrary lattice sites and $q$ is a deformation parameter for $n$-component $q$-boson or $q$-Grassmann variable. In framework of the Wess-Zumino approach to the noncommutative differential calculus the commutation relations between differentials and derivatives of these fields are determined. The $SL_q(n,C)$-invariant generalization of the Berezin integration for the …
We study covariant differential calculus on the quantum spheres S_q^2N-1. Two classification results for covariant first order differential calculi are proved. As an important step towards a description of the noncommutative geometry of the quantum spheres, a framework of covariant differential calculus is established, including a particular first order calculus obtained by factorization, higher order calculi and a symmetry concept.
We show that the crossed modules and bicovariant different calculi on two Hopf algebras related by a cocycle twist are in 1-1 correspondence. In particular, for quantum groups which are cocycle deformation-quantisations of classical groups the calculi are obtained as deformation-quantisation of the classical ones. As an application, we classify all bicovariant differential calculi on the Planck scale Hopf algebra $\C[x]\bicross_{\hbar,\grav}\C[p]$. This is a quantum group which has an $\hbar\to 0$ limit as the functions on a classical but non-Abelian group and a $\grav\to 0$ limit as flat spac…
The dual coalgebra of Podleś' quantum sphere O_q(S^2_c) is determined explicitly. This result is used to classify all finite dimensional covariant first order differential calculi over O_q(S^2_c) for all but exceptional values of the parameter c.
Let (Γ,d) be the 3D-calculus or the 4D_{\pm}-calculus on the quantum group SU_q(2). We describe all pairs (π, F) of a *-representation πof O(SU_q(2)) and of a symmetric operator F on the representation space satisfying a technical condition concerning its domain such that there exist a homomorphism of first order differential calculi which maps dx into the commutator [iF,π(x)] for x\in O(SU_q(2)). As an application commutator representations of the 2-dimensional left-covariant calculus on Podles' quantum 2-sphere S^2_{qc} with c=0 are given.
For differential calculi over certain right coideal subalgebras of quantum groups the notion of quantum tangent space is introduced. In generalization of a result by Woronowicz a one to one correspondence between quantum tangent spaces and covariant first order differential calculi is established. This result is used to classify differential calculi over quantum Grassmann manifolds. It turns out that up to special cases in low dimensions there exists exactly one such calculus of classical dimension 2r(N-r). Keywords: Quantum groups, quantum spaces, quantum Grassmann manifolds, differential cal…
The deformed double covering of E(2) group, denoted by $\tilde{E}_κ(2)$, is obtained by contraction from the $SU_μ(2)$. The contraction procedure is then used for producing a new examples of differential calculi: 3D-left covariant calculus on both $\tilde{E}_κ(2)$ and the deformed Euclidean group $E_κ(2)$ and two different 4D-bicovariant calculi on $\tilde{E}_κ(2)$ which correspond to the one 4D-bicovariant calculi on $E_κ(2)$ described in Ref.\cite{b14}.
We describe Laplacian operators on the quantum group SUq (2) equipped with the four dimensional bicovariant differential calculus of Woronowicz as well as on the quantum homogeneous space S2q with the restricted left covariant three dimensional differential calculus. This is done by giving a family of Hodge dualities on both the exterior algebras of SUq (2) and S2q . We also study gauged Laplacian operators acting on sections of line bundles over the quantum sphere.
We briefly report our application of a version of noncommutative geometry to the quantum Euclidean space $R^N_q$, for any $N \ge 3$; this space is covariant under the action of the quantum group $SO_q(N)$, and two covariant differential calculi are known on it. More precisely, we describe how to construct in a Cartan `moving-frame formalism' the metric, two covariant derivatives, the Dirac operator, the frame, the inner derivations dual to the frame elements, for both of these calculi. The components of the frame elements in the basis of differentials provide a `local realization' of the Fadde…
Using non canonical braidings, we first introduce a notion of symmetric tensors and corresponding Hodge operators on a class of left covariant 3d differential calculi over the quantum SU(2) group, then we induce Hodge operators on the left covariant 2d exterior algebras over the standard Podles quantum sphere.
Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna(意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼部分所);Mathematical Institute of Charles University(查理大学数学研究所)
A Dirac operator D on the standard Podles sphere is defined and investigated. It yields a spectral triple such that |D|^{-z} is of trace class for Re z>0. Commutators with the Dirac operator give the distinguished 2-dimensional covariant differential calculus on the standard Podles sphere. The twisted cyclic cocycle associated with the volume form of the differential calculus is expressed by means of the Dirac operator.
We consider the possible covariant external algebra structures for Cartan's 1-forms on GL_q(N) and SL_q(N). We base upon the following natural postulates: 1. the invariant 1-forms realize an adjoint representation of quantum group; 2. all monomials of these forms possess the unique ordering. For the obtained external algebras we define the exterior derivative possessing the usual nilpotence condition, and the generally deformed version of Leibniz rules. The status of the known examples of GL_q(N)-differential calculi in the proposed classification scheme, and the problems of SL_q(N)-reduction …
The derivations of a left coideal subalgebra B of a Hopf algebra A which are compatible with the comultiplication of A (that is, the covariant first order differential calculi, as defined by Woronowicz, on a quantum homogeneous space) are related to certain right ideals of B. The correspondence is one-to-one if A is faithfully flat as a right B-module. This generalizes the result for B=A due to Woronowicz. A definition for the dimension of a first order differential calculus at a classical point is given. For the quantum 2-sphere S(q,c) of Podles under the assumptions "q is not a root of unity…
We have recently introduced the notion of a q-quaternion bialgebra and shown its strict link with the SO_q(4)-covariant quantum Euclidean space R_q^4. Adopting the available differential geometric tools on the latter and the quaternion language we have formulated and found solutions of the (anti)selfduality equation [instantons and multi-instantons] of a would-be deformed su(2) Yang-Mills theory on this quantum space. The solutions depend on some noncommuting parameters, indicating that the moduli space of a complete theory should be a noncommutative manifold. We summarize these results and ad…
Given a bicovariant differential calculus $(\mathcal{E}, d)$ such that the braiding map is diagonalisable in a certain sense, the bimodule of two-tensors admits a direct sum decomposition into symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors. This is used to prove the existence of a bicovariant torsionless connection on $\mathcal{E}$. Following Heckenberger and Schm{ü}dgen, we study invariant metrics and the compatibility of covariant connections with such metrics. A sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of bicovariant Levi-Civita connections is derived. This condition is shown to hold for…
We apply one of the formalisms of noncommutative geometry to $R^N_q$, the quantum space covariant under the quantum group $SO_q(N)$. Over $R^N_q$ there are two $SO_q(N)$-covariant differential calculi. For each we find a frame, a metric and two torsion-free covariant derivatives which are metric compatible up to a conformal factor and which have a vanishing linear curvature. This generalizes results found in a previous article for the case of $R^3_q$. As in the case N=3, one has to slightly enlarge the algebra $R^N_q$; for N odd one needs only one new generator whereas for N even one needs two…
A detailed study is made of the noncommutative geometry of $R^3_q$, the quantum space covariant under the quantum group $SO_q(3)$. For each of its two $SO_q(3)$-covariant differential calculi we find its metric, the corresponding frame and two torsion-free covariant derivatives that are metric compatible up to a conformal factor and which yield both a vanishing linear curvature. A discussion is given of various ways of imposing reality conditions. The delicate issue of the commutative limit is discussed at the formal algebraic level. Two rather different ways of taking the limit are suggested,…
GL_q(N)- and SO_q(N)-covariant deformations of the completely symmetric/antisymmetric projectors with an arbitrary number of indices are explicitly constructed as polynomials in the braid matrices. The precise relation between the completely antisymmetric projectors and the completely antisymmetric tensor is determined. Adopting the GL_q(N)- and SO_q(N)-covariant differential calculi on the corresponding quantum group covariant noncommutative spaces C_q^N, R_q^N, we introduce a generalized notion of vielbein basis (or "frame"), based on differential-operator-valued 1-forms. We then give a thor…
In this paper, we construct a covariant differential calculus on quantum plane with two-parametric quantum group as a symmetry group. The two cases $d^2=0$ and $d^3=0$ are completly established. We also construct differential calculi $n=2$ and $n=3$ nilpotent on super quantum space with one and two-parametric symmetry quantum supergroup.
Covariant differential calculi and exterior algebras on quantum homogeneous spaces endowed with the action of inhomogeneous quantum groups are classified. In the case of quantum Minkowski spaces they have the same dimensions as in the classical case. Formal solutions of the corresponding Klein--Gordon and Dirac equations are found. The Fock space construction is sketched.
We sketch our recent application of a non-commutative version of the Cartan `moving-frame' formalism to the quantum Euclidean space $R^N_q$, the space which is covariant under the action of the quantum group $SO_q(N)$. For each of the two covariant differential calculi over $R^N_q$ based on the $R$-matrix formalism, we summarize our construction of a frame, the dual inner derivations, a metric and two torsion-free almost metric compatible covariant derivatives with a vanishing curvature. To obtain these results we have developed a technique which fully exploits the quantum group covariance of …
The purpose of the paper is twofold: First, known results of the noncommutative spin geometry of the standard Podles sphere are extended by discussing Poincare duality and orientability. In the discussion of orientability, Hochschild homology is replaced by a twisted version which avoids the dimension drop. The twisted Hochschild cycle representing an orientation is related to the volume form of the distinguished covariant differential calculus. Integration over the volume form defines a twisted cyclic 2-cocycle which computes the q-winding numbers of quantum line bundles. Second, a "twisted" …
We calculate the twisted Hochschild and cyclic homology (in the sense of Kustermans, Murphy and Tuset) of the coordinate algebra of the quantum SL(2) group relative to twisting automorphisms acting by rescaling the standard generators a,b,c,d. We discover a family of automorphisms for which the "twisted" Hochschild dimension coincides with the classical dimension of SL(2, C), thus avoiding the "dimension drop" in Hochschild homology seen for many quantum deformations. Strikingly, the simplest such automorphism is the canonical modular automorphism arising from the Haar functional. In addition,…
We study how the Riemannian structure on a manifold can be usefully reconstructed from its codifferential $δ$, including a formula $\nabla_ωη={1\over 2}( δ(ωη)-(δω)η+ω(δη) +L_ω(η)+i_ηd ω)$ for the Levi-Civita covariant derivative in terms of 1-forms, where $L, i$ are respectively the Lie derivative and interior product along the corresponding vector fields. The covariant derivative extends naturally along forms of any degree and to possibly degenerate $(\ ,\ )$. In the nondegenerate case, $δ$ makes the exterior algebra into a BV algebra. In the invertible case we show that ${\rm Ricci}=-{1\ove…
We calculate the twisted Hochschild and cyclic homology (in the sense of Kustermans, Murphy and Tuset) of all Podles quantum spheres relative to arbitary automorphisms. Our calculations are based on a free resolution due to Masuda, Nakagami and Watanabe. The dimension drop in Hochschild homology can be overcome by twisting by automorphisms induced from the canonical modular automorphism associated to the Haar state on quantum SU(2). We specialize our results to the standard quantum sphere, and identify the class in twisted cyclic cohomology of the 2-cocycle discovered by Schmuedgen and Wagner …
Non-commutative connections of the second type or hom-connections and associated integral forms are studied as generalisations of right connections of Manin. First, it is proven that the existence of hom-connections with respect to the universal differential graded algebra is tantamount to the injectivity, and that every finitely cogenerated injective module admits a hom-connection with respect to any differential graded algebra. The bulk of the paper is devoted to describing a method of constructing hom-connections from twisted multi-derivations. The notion of a free twisted multi-derivation …