In this paper we explore the structure and properties of C-groups. We define a C-group as a group $G$ with $rk(G) < rk(Z(G))$ (where $rk(G)$ is the minimal cardinal of a generating set for a group $G$). Using GAP (a group theory program) and traditional methods, we identified an interesting infinite class of C-groups. In particular, we have proved that there is always a C-group of order an integer multiple of a fifth power of a prime. One way to obtain C-groups is take the direct product of certain C-groups, mentioned in this paper, with other appropriate groups. We, at this time, do not know whether the C-groups discussed in this paper are the building block of all finite C-groups. But a complete classification of finite or infinite C-groups is an interesting problem. We have also formulated a number of open questions relating to C-groups: Are they all solvable? What is the structure of the C-groups that are not in our class? Is the minimal number of generators of the center always polynomially bounded by the minimal number of generators of the group? What are the isoperimetric inequalities of infinite C-groups?
A finite group $G$ is a DCI-group if, whenever $S$ and $S'$ are subsets of $G$ with the Cayley graphs Cay$(G,S)$ and Cay$(G,S')$ isomorphic, there exists an automorphism $φ$ of $G$ with $φ(S)=S'$. It is a CI-group if this condition holds under the restricted assumption that $S=S^{-1}$. We extend these definitions to infinite groups, and make two closely-related definitions: an infinite group is a strongly (D)CI$_f$-group if the same condition holds under the restricted assumption that $S$ is finite; and an infinite group is a (D)CI$_f$-group if the same condition holds whenever $S$ is both fin…
We construct a connected cubic nonnormal Cayley graph on $\mathrm{A}_{2^m-1}$ for each integer $m\geqslant4$ and determine its full automorphism group. This is the first infinite family of connected cubic nonnormal Cayley graphs on nonabelian simple groups.
Let A be an infinite set of generators for a group G, and let L_A(r) denote the number of elements of G whose word length with respect to A is exactly r. The purpose of this note is to determine all growth functions L_A(r) associated to infinite generating sets for groups, and to describe a phase transition phenomenon associated with infinite generating sets. A list of open problems is also.included.
Cyclohedra are a well-known infinite familiy of finite-dimensional polytopes that can be constructed from centrally symmetric triangulations of even-sided polygons. In this article we introduce an infinite-dimensional analogue and prove that the group of symmetries of our construction is a semidirect product of a degree 2 central extension of Thompson's infinite finitely presented simple group T with the cyclic group of order 2. These results are inspired by a similar recent analysis by the first author of the automorphism group of an infinite-dimensional associahedron.
We prove that each infinite 2-group with a unique 2-element subgroup is isomorphic either to the quasicyclic 2-group or to the infinite group of generalized quaternions.
We characterize the group property of being with infinite conjugacy classes (or icc, i.e. in which all conjugacy classes beside 1 are infinite) for split extensions of groups.
We characterize the group property of being with infinite conjugacy classes (or icc, in which all conjugacy classes beside 1 are infinite) for extensions of some specific groups ; namely extensions of abelian, centerless, icc, or word hyperbolic groups.
We will determine all infinite $2$-locally finite groups as well as infinite $2$-groups with planar subgroup graph and show that infinite groups satisfying the chain conditions containing an involution do not have planar embeddings. Also, all connected outer-planar groups and outer-planar groups satisfying the chain conditions are presented. As a result, all planar groups which are direct product of connected groups are obtained.
We describe various classes of infinitely presented groups that are condensation points in the space of marked groups. A well-known class of such groups consists of finitely generated groups admitting an infinite minimal presentation. We introduce here a larger class of condensation groups, called infinitely independently presentable groups, and establish criteria which allow one to infer that a group is infinitely independently presentable. In addition, we construct examples of finitely generated groups with no minimal presentation, among them infinitely presented groups with Cantor-Bendixson…
The paper is intended to be a survey on some topics within the framework of automorphisms of a relatively free groups of infinite rank. We discuss such properties as tameness, primitivity, small index, Bergman property, and so on.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with infinite cyclic edge groups to be acylindrically hyperbolic, from which it follows that a finitely generated group splitting over Z cannot be simple. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition (when the vertex groups are torsion free) for the fundamental group to be balanced, where a group is said to be balanced if $x^m$ conjugate to $x^n$ implies that $|m|=|n|$ for all infinite order elements $x$.
We give criteria on an inverse system of finite groups that ensure the limit is just infinite or hereditarily just infinite. More significantly, these criteria are 'universal' in that all (hereditarily) just infinite profinite groups arise as limits of the specified form. This is a corrected and revised version of the article: 'Inverse system characterizations of the (hereditarily) just infinite property in profinite groups', Bull. LMS vol 44, 3 (2012) 413--425.
In this paper we show that there exists an uncountable family of finitely generated simple groups with the same positive theory as any non-abelian free group. In particular, these simple groups have infinite $w$-verbal width for all non-trivial words $w$.
Given an infinite group G, we consider the finitely additive measure defined on finite unions of cosets of finite index subgroups. We show that this shares many properties with the size of subsets of a finite group, for instance we can obtain equivalent results on Ruzsa distance and product free sets. In particular if G has infinitely many finite index subgroups then it has subsets S of measure arbitrarily close to 1/2 with the square of S having measure less than 1.
A profinite group G is just infinite if every non-trivial closed normal subgroup of G is of finite index, and hereditarily just infinite if every open subgroup is just infinite. Hereditarily just infinite profinite groups need not be virtually pro-p, as shown in a recent paper of Wilson. The same paper gives a criterion on an inverse system of finite groups that is sufficient to ensure the limit is either virtually abelian or hereditarily just infinite. We give criteria of a similar nature that characterise the just infinite and hereditarily just infinite properties under the assumption that G…
It is shown that there exists a finitely generated infinite simple group of infinite commutator width, and that the commutator width of a finitely generated infinite boundedly simple group can be arbitrarily large. Besides, such groups can be constructed with decidable word and conjugacy problems.
Groups of almost upper triangular infinite matrices with entries indexed by integers are studied. It is shown that, when the matrices are over a finite field, these groups admit a nondiscrete totally disconnected, locally compact group topology and are topologically simple.
We survey recent progress in computing with finitely generated linear groups over infinite fields, describing the mathematical background of a methodology applied to design practical algorithms for these groups. Implementations of the algorithms have been used to perform extensive computer experiments.
We show that an automaton group or semigroup is infinite if and only if it admits an $ω$-word (i. e. a right-infinite word) with an infinite orbit, which solves an open problem communicated to us by Ievgen V. Bondarenko. In fact, we prove a generalization of this result, which can be applied to show that finitely generated subgroups and subsemigroups as well as principal left ideals of automaton semigroups are infinite if and only if there is an $ω$ -word with an infinite orbit under their action. The proof also shows some interesting connections between the automaton semigroup and its dual. F…
Eick & Leedham-Green sketched a construction for infinite sequences of finite $p$-groups with fixed coclass. These infinite sequences have turned out to be very useful in the theory of finite $p$-groups. We exhibit a detailed description for the construction of the finite sequences and we determine presentations for the infinite sequences for the primes and coclasses $(2,1)$, $(2,2)$ and $(3,1)$.
This note contains a report of a proof by computer that the Fibonacci group F(2,9) is automatic. The automatic structure can be used to solve the word problem in the group. Furthermore, it can be seen directly from the word-acceptor that the group generators have infinite order, which of course implies that the group itself is infinite.
The following results are proved: The center of any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is trivial; Any finite index subgroup of an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group cannot be expressed as a product of two nontrivial subgroups. These two theorems imply a unique decomposition theorem for a class of Coxeter groups. We also obtain that the orbit of each element other than the identity under the conjugation action in an irreducible, infinite, non-affine Coxeter group is an infinite set. This implies that an irreducible, infinite Coxeter group i…
Recently George Bergman proved that the symmetric group of an infinite set possesses the following property which we call by the {\it universality of finite width}: given any generating set $X$ of the symmetric group of an infinite set $Ω,$ there is a uniform bound $k \in \N$ such that any permutation $σ\in \text{Sym}(Ω)$ is a product of at most $k$ elements of $X \cup X^{-1},$ or, in other words, $\text{Sym}(Ω)=(X^{\pm 1})^k.$ Bergman also formulated a sort of general conjecture stating that `the automorphism groups of structures that can be put together out of many isomorphic copies of thems…
It is shown that there exist finitely generated infinite simple groups of infinite commutator width and infinite square width on which there exists no stably unbounded conjugation-invariant norm, and in particular stable commutator length vanishes. Moreover, a recursive presentation of such a group with decidable word and conjugacy problems is constructed.
In this paper we construct a cellular complex which is an infinite analogue to Stasheff's associahedra. We prove that it is contractible and state that its (combinatorial) automorphism group is isomorphic to a semi-direct product of R.J. Thompson's group $T$ with $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$.
We develop methods for computing with matrix groups defined over a range of infinite domains, and apply those methods to the design of algorithms for nilpotent groups. In particular, we provide a practical algorithm to test nilpotency of matrix groups over an infinite field. We also provide algorithms that answer a number of structural questions for a given nilpotent matrix group. The algorithms have been implemented in GAP and MAGMA.
We show that a linear group without unipotent elements of infinite order possesses properties akin to those held by groups of non positive curvature. Moreover in positive characteristic any finitely generated linear group acts properly and semisimply on a CAT(0) space.
Schur rings are a type of subring of the group ring that is spanned by a partition of the group that meets certain conditions. Past literature has exclusively focused on the finite group case. This paper extends many classic results about Schur rings to the infinite groups, including Leung-Man's classification of Schur rings over finite cyclic groups. Additionally, this classification will be extended to all torsion-free locally cyclic groups.
In this note we show that if $G$ is a countably infinite abelian group such that $nG=0$ for some integer $n$, then the only locally minimal group topology on $G$ is the discrete one.
We develop a theory of generalized presentations of groups. We give generalized presentations of the symmetric group $Σ(X)$ for an arbitrary set $X$ and of the automorphism group of the free group of countable rank, $Aut(F_ω)$.
A profinite group $G$ is just infinite if every closed normal subgroup of $G$ is of finite index. We prove that an infinite profinite group is just infinite if and only if, for every open subgroup $H$ of $G$, there are only finitely many open normal subgroups of $G$ not contained in $H$. This extends a result recently established by Barnea, Gavioli, Jaikin-Zapirain, Monti and Scoppola, who proved the same characterisation in the case of pro-$p$ groups. We also use this result to establish a number of features of the general structure of profinite groups with regard to the just infinite propert…
We study a generalisation of the family of non-(virtually pro-$p$) hereditarily just infinite profinite groups introduced by J.\! S.\! Wilson in 2010. We prove that this family contains groups of finite lower rank. We also show that many groups in this family are not topologically finitely presentable.
We construct the first known examples of infinite subgroups of the outer automorphism group of Out(A_Gamma), for certain right-angled Artin groups A_Gamma. This is achieved by introducing a new class of graphs, called focused graphs, whose properties allow us to exhibit (infinite) projective linear groups as subgroups of Out(Out(A_Gamma)). This demonstrates a marked departure from the known behavior of Out(Out(A_Gamma)) when A_Gamma is free or free abelian, as in these cases Out(Out(A_Gamma)) has order at most 4. We also disprove a previous conjecture of the second author, producing new exampl…
We characterize the group property of being with infinite conjugacy classes (or icc, i.e. \not= 1 and of which all conjugacy classes except 1 are infinite) for finite extensions of group.
We study infinite approximate subgroups of soluble Lie groups. Generalising a theorem of Fried and Goldman we show that approximate subgroups are close, in a sense to be defined, to genuine connected subgroups. Building up on this result we prove a structure theorem for approximate lattices in soluble Lie groups. This extends to soluble Lie groups a theorem about quasi-crystals due to Yves Meyer.
This article is an introduction to formal languages from the point of view of combinatorial group theory. Group theoretic applications are included and language classes are defined algebraically.
Recently, the authors gave some conditions under which a direct product of finitely many groups is $\mathcal{V}-$capable if and only if each of its factors is $\mathcal{V}-$capable for some varieties $\mathcal{V}$. In this paper, we extend this fact to any infinite direct product of groups. Moreover, we conclude some results for $\mathcal{V}-$capability of direct products of infinitely many groups in varieties of abelian, nilpotent and polynilpotent groups.
We construct examples of finitely generated infinite simple groups of homeomorphisms of the real line. Equivalently, these are examples of finitely generated simple left (or right) orderable groups. This answers a well known open question of Rhemtulla from 1980 concerning the existence of such groups. In fact, our construction provides a family of continuum many isomorphism types of groups with these properties.
We initiate the study of some pro-p-groups arising from infinite-dimensional Lie theory. These groups are completions of some subgroups of incomplete Kac-Moody groups over finite fields, with respect to various completions of algebraic or geometric origin. We show topological finite generation for the pro-p Sylow subgroups in many complete Kac-Moody groups. This implies abstract simplicity of the latter groups. We also discuss with the question of (non-)linearity of these pro-p groups.
We generalise a technical tool, originally developed by Pervova for the study of maximal subgroups in Grigorchuk and GGS groups, to all weakly branch groups satisfying a natural condition, and in particular to all branch groups. We then use this tool to prove that every maximal subgroup of infinite index of a branch group is also a branch group. As a further application of this result, we show that every maximal subgroup of the Basilica group is of finite index.
For any countable subgroup $H$ of an unbounded Abelian group $G$ there is a complete Hausdorff group topology $τ$ such that $H$ is the von Neumann radical of $(G,τ)$. In particular, we obtain the positive answer to Comfort's question: any unbounded countable Abelian group admits a complete Hausdorff minimally almost periodic (MinAP) group topology. A bounded infinite Abelian group admits a MinAP group topology if and only if all its leading Ulm-Kaplansky invariants are infinite. If, in addition, $G$ is countably infinite, a MinAP group topology can be chosen to be complete.
A topological group G is said to be almost maximally almost-periodic if its von Neumann radical is non-trivial, but finite. In this paper, we prove that every abelian group with an infinite torsion subgroup admits a (Hausdorff) almost maximally almost-periodic group topology. Some open problems are also formulated.
A survey article that presents some recent algebraic and model-theoretic results on the automorphism groups of relatively free groups of infinite rank. The topics include topological aspects, generating sets, descripition of automorpisms and expressive power of the first-order theories.
