In this article we investigate when a homogeneous ideal in a graded ring is normal, that is, when all positive powers of the ideal are integrally closed. We are particularly interested in homogeneous ideals in an N-graded ring generated by all homogeneous elements of degree at least m and monomial ideals in a polynomial ring over a field. For ideals of the first trype we generalize a recent result of S. Faridi. We prove that a monomial ideal in a polynomial ring in n indeterminates over a field is normal if and only if the first n-1 positive powers of the ideal are integrally closed. We then specialize to the case of ideals obtained by taking integral closures of m-primary ideals generated by powers of the variables. We obtain classes of normal monomial ideals and arithmetic critera for deciding when the monomial ideal is not normal.
We study the linkage classes of homogeneous ideals in polynomial rings. An ideal is said to be homogeneously licci if it can be linked to a complete intersection using only homogeneous regular sequences at each step. We ask a natural question: if $I$ is homogeneously licci, then can it be linked to a complete intersection by linking using regular sequences of forms of smallest possible degree at each step (we call such ideals minimally homogeneously licci)? In this paper we answer this question in the negative. In particular, for every $n\geq 28$ we construct a set of $n$ points in $\mathbb P^…
We investigate the standard generalized Gorenstein algebras of homological dimension three, giving a structure theorem for their resolutions. Moreover in many cases we are able to give a complete description of their graded Betti numbers.
We settle a conjecture of Herzog and Hibi, which states that the function depth $S/Q^n$, $n \ge 1$, where $Q$ is a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring $S$, can be any convergent numerical function. We also give a positive answer to a long-standing open question of Ratliff on the associated primes of powers of ideals.
Given r>=n quasi-homogeneous polynomials in n variables, the existence of a certain duality is shown and explicited in terms of generalized Morley forms. This result, that can be seen as a generalization of [3,corollary 3.6.1.4] (where this duality is proved in the case r=n), was observed by the author at the same time. We will actually closely follow the proof of (loc. cit.) in this paper.
Using the minors in Hessian matrices, we introduce new graded algebras associated to a homogeneous polynomial. When the associated projective hypersurface has isolated singularities, these algebras are related to some new local algebras associated to isolated hypersurface singularities, which generalize their Tjurina algebras. One consequence of our results is a new way to determine the number of weighted homogeneous singularities of such a hypersurface.
Let I be the toric ideal defined by a 2 x n matrix of integers, A = ((1 1 ... 1)(a_1 a_2 ... a_n)) with a_1<a_2<...<a_n. We give a combinatorial proof that I is generated by elements of degree at most the sum of the two largest differences a_i - a_(i-1). The novelty is in the method of proof: the result has already been shown by L'vovsky using cohomological arguments.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition on a homogeneous polynomial ideal for its Taylor complex to be exact. Then we give a combinatorial construction of a minimal resolution for ideals satisfying the above condition (in particular for monomial ideals).
We introduce a "workable" notion of degree for non-homogeneous polynomial ideals and formulate and prove ideal theoretic Bézout Inequalities for the sum of two ideals in terms of this notion of degree and the degree of generators. We compute probabilistically the degree of an equidimensional ideal.
The stratum St(J,<) (the homogeneous stratum Sth(J,<) respectively) of a monomial ideal J in a polynomial ring R is the family of all (homogeneous) ideals of R whose initial ideal with respect to the term order < is J. St(J,<) and Sth(J,<) have a natural structure of affine schemes. Moreover they are homogeneous w.r.t. a non-standard grading called level. This property allows us to draw consequences that are interesting from both a theoretical and a computational point of view. For instance a smooth stratum is always isomorphic to an affine space (Corollary 3.6). As applications, in Sec. 5 we …
We survey recent studies and results on the following problem: which numerical functions can be the depth function of powers and symbolic powers of homogeneous ideals.
We show that two ostensibly different versions of the asymptotic resurgence introduced by Guardo, Harbourne and Van Tuyl in 2013 are the same. We also show that the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence attain their maximal values simultaneously, if at all, which we apply to a conjecture of Grifo. For radical ideals of points, we show that the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence attain their minimal values simultaneously. In addition, we introduce an integral closure version of the resurgence and relate it to the other versions of the resurgence. In closing we provide various examples and rais…
Let $\ast $ be a star operation of finite character. Call a $\ast $-ideal $I$ of finite type a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal if $I$ is contained in a unique maximal $\ast $-ideal $M=M(I).$ A maximal $\ast $-ideal that contains a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal is called $\ast $-potent and the same name bears a domain all of whose maximal $\ast $-ideals are $\ast $-potent. One among the various aims of this article is to indicate what makes a $\ast $-ideal of finite type a $\ast $-homogeneous ideal, where and how we can find one, what they can do and how this notion came to be. We also prove some results…
Let $V$ be a projective hypersurface having only isolated singularities. We show that these singularities are weighted homogeneous if and only if the Koszul syzygies among the partial derivatives of an equation for $V$ are exactly the syzygies with a generic first component vanishing on the singular locus subscheme of $V$. This yields in particular a positive answer in this setting to a question raised by Morihiko Saito and the first author. Finally we explain how our result can be used to improve the listing of Jacobian syzygies of a given degree by a computer algebra system such as Singular,…
In 1983 Kustin and Miller introduced a construction of Gorenstein ideals in local Gorenstein rings, starting from smaller such ideals. We review and modify their construction in the case of graded rings and discuss it within the framework of Gorenstein liaison theory. We determine invariants of the constructed ideal. Concerning the problem of when a given Gorenstein ideal can be obtained by the construction, we derive a necessary condition and exhibit a Gorenstein ideal that can not be obtained using the construction.
One studies plane Cremona maps by focusing on the ideal theoretic and homological properties of its homogeneous base ideal ("indeterminacy locus"). The {\em leitmotiv} driving a good deal of the work is the relation between the base ideal and its saturation. As a preliminary one deals with the homological features of arbitrary codimension 2 homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring in three variables over a field which are generated by three forms of the same degree. The results become sharp when the saturation is not generated in low degrees, a condition to be given a precise meaning. An implic…
Every normal toric ideal of codimension two is minimally generated by a Grobner basis with squarefree initial monomials. A polynomial time algorithm is presented for checking whether a toric ideal of fixed codimension is normal.
In this paper we investigate the question of normality for special monomial ideals in a polynomial ring over a field. We first include some expository sections that give the basics on the integral closure of a ideal, the Rees algebra on an ideal, and some fundamental results on the integral closure of a monomial ideal.
A notion of sectional regularity for a homogeneous ideal $I$, which measures the regularity of its generic sections with respect to linear spaces of various dimensions, is introduced. It is related to axial constants defined as the intercepts on the coordinate axes of the set of exponents of monomials in the reverse lexicographic generic initial ideal of $I$. The equivalence of these notions and several other homological and ideal-theoretic invariants is shown. It is also established that these equivalent invariants grow linearly for the family of powers of a given ideal.
This paper addresses the problem of comparing minimal free resolutions of symbolic powers of an ideal. Our investigation is focused on the behavior of the function depth R/I^(t) = dim R - pd I^(t) - 1, where I^(t) denotes the t-th symbolic power of a homogeneous ideal I in a noetherian polynomial ring R and pd denotes the projective dimension. It has been an open question whether the function depth R/I^(t) is non-increasing if I is a squarefree monomial ideal. We show that depth R/I^(t) is almost non-increasing in the sense that depth R/I^(s) \ge depth R/I^(t) for all s \ge 1 and t \in E(s), w…
We give a bound on the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of a homogeneous ideals I, in a polynomial ring A, in terms of number of variables and the degrees of generators, when the dimension of A/I is at most two. This bound improves the one obtained by Caviglia and Sbarra in this case. In the continuation of the examples constructed by Clare D'Cruz and the first author, we use families of monomial curves to construct homogeneous ideals showing that these bounds are quite sharp.
In CI-Liaison, significant effort has been made to study ideals that are in the linkage class of a complete intersection, which are called licci ideals. In a polynomial ring, recently E. Chong defined a "sequentially bounded" condition on the degrees of the forms generating the regular sequences, and used this condition to find a large class of licci ideals satisfying the Eisenbud-Green-Harris Conjecture (among them, grade $3$ homogeneous Gorenstein ideals). He raised the question of whether all homogeneous licci ideals are sequentially bounded licci. In this paper we construct a class of exam…
We give a numerical characterization of the possible extremal Betti numbers (values as well as positions) of any homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring over a field.
Given an homogeneous monomial ideal $I$, we provide a question- and example-based investigation of the stabilization patterns of the Betti tables shapes of $I^d$ as we vary $d$. We build off Whieldon's definition of the stabilization index of $I$, Stab$(I)$, to define the stabilization sequence of $I$, StabSeq$(I)$, and use it to explore changes in the shapes of the Betti tables of $I^d$ as we vary $d$. We also present the stabilization indices and sequences of the collection of ideals $\{I_{n}\}$ where $I_{n}=(a^{2n}b^{2n}c^{2n},b^{4n}c^{2n},a^{3n}c^{3n},a^{6n-1}b)\subseteq \Bbbk[a,b,c]$.
The degree excess function $ε(I;n)$ is the difference between the maximal generating degree $d(I^n)$ of a homogeneous ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring and $p(I)n$, where $p(I)$ is the leading coefficient of the asymptotically linear function $d(I^n)$. It is shown that any non-increasing numerical function can be realized as a degree excess function, and there is a monomial ideal $I$ whose $ε(I;n)$ has exactly a given number of local maxima. In the case of monomial ideals, an upper bound on $ε(I;n)$ is provided. As an application it is shown that in the worst case, the so-called stability index o…
In this paper, we characterize the (generalized) Frobenius powers and critical exponents of two classes of monomial ideals of a polynomial ring in positive characteristic: powers of the homogeneous maximal ideal, and ideals generated by positive powers of the variables. In doing so, we effectively characterize the test ideals and $F$-jumping exponents of sufficiently general homogeneous polynomials, and of all diagonal polynomials. Our characterizations make these invariants computable, and show that they vary uniformly with the congruence class of the characteristic modulo a fixed integer. Mo…
Let $\ast $ be a finite character star operation defined on an integral domain $D.$ Call a nonzero $\ast $-ideal $I$ of finite type a $\ast $ -homogeneous ($\ast $-homog) ideal, if $I\subsetneq D$ and $(J+K)^{\ast }\neq D$ for every pair $D\supsetneq J,K\supseteq I$ of proper $\ast $ -ideals of finite type$.$ Call an integral domain $D$ a $\ast $-Semi Homogeneous Domain ($\ast $-SHD) if every proper principal ideal $xD$ of $D$ is expressible as a $\ast $-product of finitely many $\ast $-homog ideals. We show that a $\ast $-SHD contains a family $\mathcal{F}$ of prime ideals such that (a) $D=\c…
Let $φ: S = k[y_0,..., y_n] \to R = k[y_0,...,y_n]$ be given by $y_i \to f_i$ where $f_0,...,f_n$ is an $R$-regular sequence of homogeneous elements of the same degree. A recent paper shows for ideals, $I_Δ\subseteq S$, of matroids, $Δ$, that $I_Δ^{(m)} \subseteq I^r$ if and only if $φ_*(I_Δ)^{(m)} \subseteq φ_*(I_Δ)^r$ where $φ_*(I_Δ)$ is the ideal generated in $R$ by $φ(I_Δ)$. We prove this result for saturated homogeneous ideals $I$ of configurations of points in $\mathbb{P}^n$ and use it to obtain many new counterexamples to $I^{(rn - n + 1)} \subseteq I^r$ from previously known counterexa…
In this article we study specializations of multigradings and apply them to the problem of the computation of the arithmetical rank of a lattice ideal $I_{L_{\mathcal{G}}} \subset K[x_{1},...,x_{n}]$. The arithmetical rank of $I_{L_{\mathcal{G}}}$ equals the $\mathcal{F}$-homogeneous arithmetical rank of $I_{L_{\mathcal{G}}}$, for an appropriate specialization $\mathcal{F}$ of $\mathcal{G}$. To the lattice ideal $I_{L_{\mathcal{G}}}$ and every specialization $\mathcal{F}$ of $\mathcal{G}$ we associate a simplicial complex. We prove that combinatorial invariants of the simplicial complex provid…
We study (slope-)stability properties of syzygy bundles on a projective space P^N given by ideal generators of a homogeneous primary ideal. In particular we give a combinatorial criterion for a monomial ideal to have a semistable syzygy bundle. Restriction theorems for semistable bundles yield the same stability results on the generic complete intersection curve. From this we deduce a numerical formula for the tight closure of an ideal generated by monomials or by generic homogeneous elements in a generic two-dimensional complete intersection ring.
Given a parametrization of a rational plane algebraic curve C, some explicit adjoint pencils on C are described in terms of determinants. Moreover, some generators of the Rees algebra associated to this parametrization are presented. The main ingredient developed in this paper is a detailed study of the elimination ideal of two homogeneous polynomials in two homogeneous variables that form a regular sequence.
Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $R = \mathbb{K}[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$. We obtain an improved upper bound for asymptotic resurgence of squarefree monomial ideals in $R$. We study the effect on the resurgence when sum, product and intersection of ideals are taken. We obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of finite simple graphs in terms of associated combinatorial invariants. We also explicitly compute the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of several classes of graphs. We characterize a graph being bipartite in terms of t…
We show several new inequalities found recently that the basic sequence of the saturated homogeneous ideal I of an integral curve in P^3 must satisfy. Then we compare our results with Cook's assertions on the generic initial ideal of I, carrying out numerical computations with the use of a computer. The outcome is that we have obtained new restrictions on the generic initial ideal of I. When the characteristic of k is zero, the basic sequence of a homogeneous ideal I in a polynomial ring over an infinite field k is a sequence of the degrees of the minimal generators of the generic initial idea…
Let $R=k[x,y,z]$ be a standard graded $3$-variable polynomial ring, where $k$ denotes any field. We study grade $3$ homogeneous ideals $I \subseteq R$ defining compressed rings with socle $k(-s) \oplus k(-2s+1)$, where $s \geq3$ is some integer. We prove that all such ideals are obtained by a trimming process introduced by Christensen, Veliche, and Weyman. We also construct a general resolution for all such ideals which is minimal in sufficiently generic cases. Using this resolution, we can give bounds on the minimal number of generators $μ(I)$ of $I$ depending only on $s$; moreover, we show t…
We generalise the notion of Gröbner fan to ideals in R[[t]][x_1,...,x_n] for certain classes of coefficient rings R and give a constructive proof that the Gröbner fan is a rational polyhedral fan. For this we introduce the notion of initially reduced standard bases and show how these can be computed in finite time. We deduce algorithms for computing the Gröbner fan, implemented in the computer algebra system Singular. The problem is motivated by the wish to compute tropical varieties over the p-adic numbers, which are the intersection of a subfan of a Gröbner fan as studied in this paper by so…
We study the fibers of a projective morphism and some related algebraic problems. We characterize the analytic spread of a homogeneous ideal through properties of its syzygy matrix. Powers of linearly presented ideals need not be linearly presented, but we identify a weaker linearity property that is preserved under taking powers.
In this paper, our main focus is to explore different classes of nearly normally torsion-free ideals. We first characterize all finite simple connected graphs with nearly normally torsion-free cover ideals. Next, we characterize all normally torsion-free $t$-spread principal Borel ideals that can also be viewed as edge ideals of uniform multipartite hypergraphs.
In this paper, we introduce techniques for producing normal square-free monomial ideals from old such ideals. These techniques are then used to investigate the normality of cover ideals under some graph operations. Square-free monomial ideals that come out as linear combinations of two normal ideals are shown to be not necessarily normal; under such a case we investigate the integral closedness of all powers of these ideals.
We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of homogeneous prime elements in normal N-graded rings of dimension two, in terms of rational coefficient Weil divisors on projective curves.
In this article, we give a condition on the vanishing of finitely many homogeneous components which must imply the asymptotic vanishing for multigraded modules. We apply our result to multi-Rees algebras of ideals. As a consequence, we obtain a result on normality of monomial ideals, which extends and improves the results of Reid-Roberts-Vitulli, Singla, and Sarkar-Verma.
A homogeneous ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring $S$ is said to have the Rees property if, for any homogeneous ideal $J \subset S $ which contains $I$, the number of generators of $J$ is smaller than or equal to that of $I$. A homogeneous ideal $I \subset S$ is said to be $\mathfrak m$-full if $\mathfrak mI:y=I$ for some $y \in \mathfrak m$, where $\mathfrak m$ is the graded maximal ideal of $S$. It was proved by one of the authors that $\mathfrak m$-full ideals have the Rees property and that the converse holds in a polynomial ring with two variables. In this note, we give examples of ideals whic…
We consider the phylogenetic tree model in which every node of the tree is observed and binary and the transitions are given by the same matrix on each edge of the tree. We are able to compute the Grobner basis and Markov basis of the toric ideal of invariants for trees with up to 11 nodes. These are perhaps the first non-trivial Grobner bases calculations in 2^11 indeterminates. We conjecture that there is a quadratic Grobner basis for binary trees. Finally, we give a explicit description of the polytope associated to this toric ideal for an infinite family of binary trees and conjecture that…
In this article, we prove a strong version of local Bertini theorem for normality on local rings in mixed characteristic. The main result asserts that a generic hyperplane section of a normal, Cohen-Macaulay, and complete local domain of dimension at least 3 is normal. Applications include the study of characteristic ideals attached to torsion modules over Noetherian normal domains, which is fundamental in the study of Euler system theory over normal domains and Iwasawa main conjectures.
We generalize the Bernstein-Sato polynomials of Budur, Mustata and Saito to ideals in normal semigroup rings. In the case of monomial ideals, we also relate the roots of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial to the jumping coefficients of the corresponding multiplier ideals. In order to prove the latter result, we obtain a new combinatorial description for the multiplier ideals of a monomial ideal in a normal semigroup ring.
In the present paper we investigate a question stemming from a long-standing conjecture of Vasconcelos: given a generically a complete intersection perfect ideal I in a regular local ring R, is it true that if I/I^2 (or R/I^2) is Cohen-Macaulay then R/I is Gorenstein? Huneke and Ulrich, Minh and Trung, Trung and Tuan and - very recently - Rinaldo Terai and Yoshida, already considered this question and gave a positive answer for special classes of ideals. We give a positive answer for some classes of ideals, however, we also exhibit prime ideals in regular local rings and homogeneous level idea…
Let $A = K[x_1, ..., x_n]$ denote the polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field $K$ with each $°x_i = 1$. Let $I$ be a homogeneous ideal of $A$ with $I \ne A$ and $H_{A/I}$ the Hilbert function of the quotient algebra $A / I$. Given a numerical function $H : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ satisfying $H=H_{A/I}$ for some homogeneous ideal $I$ of $A$, we write $\mathcal{A}_H$ for the set of those integers $0 \leq r \leq n$ such that there exists a homogeneous ideal $I$ of $A$ with $H_{A/I} = H$ and with $\depth A / I = r$. It will be proved that one has either $\mathcal{A}_H = \{0, 1, ..., b \}$…
We define a family of homogeneous ideals with large projective dimension and regularity relative to the number of generators and their common degree. This family subsumes and improves upon constructions given in [Cav04] and [McC]. In particular, we describe a family of three-generated homogeneous ideals in arbitrary characteristic whose projective dimension grows asymptotically as sqrt{d}^(sqrt(d) - 1).
The main goal of this paper is to prove, in positive characteristic $p$, stability behavior for the graded Betti numbers in the periodic tails of the minimal resolutions of Frobenius powers of the homogeneous maximal ideals for very general choices of hypersurface in three variables whose degree has the opposite parity to that of $p$. We also find some of the structure of the matrix factorization giving the resolution. We achieve this by developing a method for obtaining the degrees of the generators of the defining ideal of an $\mathfrak{c}$-compressed Gorenstein Artinian graded algebra from …
