Quantum torsors and Hopf-Galois objects

Hopf-Galois objects and cogroupoids

We survey some aspects of the theory of Hopf-Galois objects that may studied advantageously by using the language of cogroupoids. These are the notes for a series of lectures given at Cordoba University, may 2010. The lectures are part of the course ``Hopf-Galois theory'' by Sonia Natale.

Galois extensions for coquasi-Hopf algebras

The notions of Galois and cleft extensions are generalized for coquasi-Hopf algebras. It is shown that such an extension over a coquasi-Hopf algebra is cleft if and only if it is Galois and has the normal basis property. A Schneider type theorem is proven for coquasi-Hopf algebras with bijective antipode. As an application, we generalize Schauenburg's bialgebroid construction for coquasi-Hopf algebras.

Cleft and Galois extensions associated to a weak Hopf quasigroup

In this paper we introduce the notions of cleft and Galois (with normal basis) extension associated to a weak Hopf quasigroup. We show that, under suitable conditions, both notions are equivalent. As a particular instance we recover the classical results for (weak) Hopf algebras. Moreover, taking into account that weak Hopf quasigroups generalize the notion of Hopf quasigroup, we obtain the definitions of cleft and Galois (with normal basis) extension associated to a Hopf quasigroup and we get the equivalence betwen these extensions in this setting.

Galois extension for a compact quantum group

The aim of this paper is to introduce and to investigate the analogues of torsors for compact quantum groups and to study their role in representation theory. Let A be a unitarizable Hopf *-algebra: we show that there is a category equivalence between *-fibre functors on unitary A-comodules and A-*-Galois extension endowed with a positive Haar measure.

A Morita context and Galois extensions for Quasi-Hopf algebras

If H is a finite dimensional quasi-Hopf algebra and A is a left H-module algebra, we prove that there is a Morita context connecting the smash product A#H and the subalgebra of invariants A^{H}. We define also Galois extensions and prove the connection with this Morita context, as in the Hopf case.

Matrices, Bratteli Diagrams and Hopf-Galois Extensions

We show that the matrix embeddings in Bratteli diagrams are iterated direct sums of Hopf-Galois extensions (quantum principle bundles) for certain abelian groups. The corresponding strong universal connections are computed. We show that $ M_{n}(\mathbb{C})$ is a trivial quantum principle bundle for the Hopf algebra $ \mathbb{C}[\mathbb{Z}_{n} \times \mathbb{Z}_{n}] $. We conclude with an application relating known calculi on groups to calculi on matrices.

Translation Hopf algebras and Hopf heaps

To every Hopf heap or quantum cotorsor of Grunspan a Hopf algebra of translations is associated. This translation Hopf algebra acts on the Hopf heap making it a Hopf-Galois co-object. Conversely, any Hopf-Galois co-object has the natural structure of a Hopf heap with the translation Hopf algebra isomorphic to the acting Hopf algebra. It is then shown that this assignment establishes an equivalence between categories of Hopf heaps and Hopf-Galois co-objects.

形变Hopf-Galois扩张的Chern-Weil同态

The Chern-Weil homomorphism for deformed Hopf-Galois extensions

本文将Chern-Weil理论推广到Hopf-Galois扩张的非交换框架，证明循环同调Chern-Weil同态的自然性，并系统研究了结构Hopf代数、外部对称性及其组合产生的2-余循环形变对该同态的影响。

Partial (Co)Actions of Multiplier Hopf Algebras: Morita and Galois Theories

In this work we deal with partial (co)action of multiplier Hopf algebras on not necessarily unital algebras. Our main goal is to construct a Morita context relating the coinvariant algebra $R^{\underline{coA}}$ with a certain subalgebra of the smash product $R\#\widehat{A}$. Besides this we present the notion of partial Galois coaction, which is closely related to this Morita context.

Hopf代数胚的Hopf Galois扩张

Hopf Galois extensions of Hopf algebroids

该研究将Hopf代数的Galois扩张理论推广至Hopf代数胚，引入相关概念并证明了裂扩张等三类结构的等价关系，丰富了Hopf代数胚的相关理论。

Coalgebra-Galois extensions from the extension theory point of view

Coalgebra-Galois extensions generalise Hopf-Galois extensions, which can be viewed as non-commutative torsors. In this paper it is analysed when a coalgebra-Galois extension is a separable, split, or strongly separable extension.

Hopf-Galois extensions and twisted Hopf algebroids

We show that the Ehresmann-Schauenburg bialgebroid of a quantum principal bundle $P$ or Hopf Galois extension with structure quantum group $H$ is in fact a left Hopf algebroid $L(P,H)$. We show further that if $H$ is coquasitriangular then $L(P,H)$ has an antipode map $S$ obeying certain minimal axioms. Trivial quantum principal bundles or cleft Hopf Galois extensions with base $B$ are known to be cocycle cross products $B\#_σH$ for a cocycle-action pair ($\vartriangleright$,$σ$) and we look at these of a certain `associative type' where $ \vartriangleright$ is an actual action. In this case a…

Hopf algebroids, Hopf categories and their Galois theories

Hopf algebroids are generalization of Hopf algebras over non-commutative base rings. It consists of a left- and a right-bialgebroid structure related by a map called the antipode. However, if the base ring of a Hopf algebroid is commutative one does not necessarily have a Hopf algebra. Meanwhile, a Hopf category is the categorification of a Hopf algebra. It consists of a category enriched over a braided monoidal category such that every hom-set carries a coalgebra structure together with an antipode functor. In this article, we will introduce the notion of a topological Hopf category$-$ a smal…

Cocycle deformations and Galois objects for semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^3$ and $pq^2$

Let $p$ and $q$ be distinct prime numbers. We study the Galois objects and cocycle deformations of the noncommutative, noncocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$ and of dimension $pq^2$. We obtain that the $p+1$ non-isomorphic self-dual semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^3$ classified by Masuoka have no non-trivial cocycle deformations, extending his previous results for the 8-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra. This is done as a consequence of the classification of categorical Morita equivalence classes among semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$, es…

Hopf-Galois Systems

We introduce the concept of Hopf-Galois system, a reformulation of the notion of Galois extension of the base field for a Hopf algebra. The main feature of our definition is a generalization of the antipode of an ordinary Hopf algebra. The main application of Hopf-Galois systems is the construction of monoidal equivalences between comodule categories over Hopf algebras.

Braided join comodule algebras of Galois objects

We construct the join of noncommutative Galois objects (quantum torsors) over a Hopf algebra H. To ensure that the join algebra enjoys the natural (diagonal) coaction of H, we braid the tensor product of the Galois objects. Then we show that this coaction is principal. Our examples are built from the noncommutative torus with the natural free action of the classical torus, and arbitrary anti-Drinfeld doubles of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. The former yields a noncommutative deformation of a non-trivial torus bundle, and the latter a finite quantum covering.

双交叉积 Hopf 代数与扭曲映射上的 Hopf-Galois 对象

Hopf-Galois objects over bicrossed product Hopf algebras and twisting maps

本文研究双交叉积 Hopf 代数上的 Hopf-Galois 对象，证明其可由两个因子上的对象与扭曲映射构造，并确定相应双 Galois 结构的 Hopf 代数仍为双交叉积。

Equivariant Hopf Galois extensions and Hopf cyclic cohomology

We define the notion of equivariant Hopf Galois extension and apply it as a functor between category of SAYD modules of the Hopf algebras involving in the extension. This generalizes the result of Jara-Stefan and Böhm-Stefan on associating a SAYD modules to any ordinary Hopf Galois extension.

Algebraic geometry of Hopf-Galois extensions

We continue the study of Hopf-Galois extensions with central invariants for a finite dimensional Hopf algebra. We concentrate on the geometrical side on the subject. We understand how to localize Hopf-Galois extensions and to paste them from local datum.

Hopf-Galois systems and Kashiwara algebras

This article is made up with two parts. In the first part, we generalize to the case when objects are faithfully flat over the ground ring, the full equivalence between the notions of Hopf-Galois extension and Hopf-Galois system. In the second part of the article, we show that the Kashiwara algebras introduced by Kashiwara in his study of crystal bases are Hopf-Galois objects.

Twistings, crossed coproducts and Hopf-Galois coextensions

Let $H$ be a Hopf algebra. Ju and Cai introduced the notion of twisting of an $H$-module coalgebra. In this note, we study the relationship between twistings, crossed coproducts and Hopf-Galois coextensions. In particular, we show that a twisting of an $H$-Galois coextension remains $H$-Galois if the twisting is invertible.

Twisted Ehresmann Schauenburg bialgebroids

We construct an invertible normalised 2 cocycle on the Ehresmann Schauenburg bialgebroid of a cleft Hopf Galois extension under the condition that the corresponding Hopf algebra is cocommutative and the image of the unital cocycle corresponding to this cleft Hopf Galois extension belongs to the centre of the coinvariant subalgebra. Moreover, we show that any Ehresmann Schauenburg bialgebroid of this kind is isomorphic to a 2-cocycle twist of the Ehresmann Schauenburg bialgebroid corresponding to a Hopf Galois extension without cocycle, where comodule algebra is an ordinary smash product of the…

Partial (co)actions of Hopf algebras and partial Hopf-Galois theory

We introduce partial (co)actions of a Hopf algebra $H$ on an algebra. To this end, we introduce first the notion of lax coring, generalizing Wisbauer's notion of weak coring. We also have the dual notion of lax ring. Several duality results are given, and we develop Galois theory for partial $H$-comodule algebras.

部分Hopf-Galois理论

Partial Hopf-Galois theory

本文发展了部分H-模代数的部分Hopf-Galois理论，并恢复了Hopf代数经典结果的类似物。

Braided autoequivalences and quantum commutative bi-Galois objects

Let $(H,R)$ be a quasitriangular weak Hopf algebra over a field $k$. We show that there is a braided monoidal equivalence between the Yetter-Drinfeld module category $^H_H\mathscr{YD}$ over $H$ and the category of comodules over some braided Hopf algebra ${}_RH$ in the category $_H\mathscr{M}$. Based on this equivalence, we prove that every braided bi-Galois object $A$ over the braided Hopf algebra ${}_RH$ defines a braided autoequivalence of the category $^H_H\mathscr{YD}$ if and only if $A$ is quantum commutative. In case $H$ is semisimple over an algebraically closed field, i.e. the fusion …

Quantum Principal Bundles as Hopf-Galois Extensions

It is shown that every quantum principal bundle with a compact structure group is a Hopf-Galois extension. This property naturally extends to the level of general differential structures, so that every differential calculus over a quantum principal bundle with a compact structure group is a graded-differential variant of the Hopf-Galois extension.

Hopf-Galois structures on ambiskew polynomial rings

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions to extend the Hopf-Galois algebra structure on an algebra R to a generalized ambiskew ring based on R, in a way such that the added variables for the extension are skew-primitive in an appropriate sense. We show that the associated Hopf algebra is again a a generalized ambiskew ring, based on a suitable Hopf algebra H(R). Several examples are examined, including the Hopf-Galois objects over Uq(sl2).

On Generalized Hopf Galois Extensions

We investigate criteria for algebra extensions that are of Galois type with respect to the coaction of a Hopf algebra or, more generally, a one-sided quotient of a Hopf algebra, or with respect to an entwining. We study the module- and comodule-theoretical properties of such extensions.

Homotopy theory of Hopf Galois extensions

We introduce the concept of homotopy equivalence for Hopf Galois extensions and make a systematic study of it. As an application we determine all H-Galois extensions up to homotopy equivalence in the case when H is a Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum group.

A locally trivial quantum Hopf bundle

We describe a locally trivial quantum principal U(1)-bundle over the quantum space S^2_{pq} which is a noncommutative analogue of the usual Hopf bundle. We also provide results concerning the structure of its total space algebra (irreducible *-representations and topological K-groups) and its Galois aspects (Galois property, existence of a strong connection, non-cleftness).

A characterization of weak Hopf (co)quasigroups

In this paper we show that weak Hopf (co)quasigroups can be characterized by a Galois-type condition. Taking into account that this notion generalizes the ones of Hopf (co)quasigroup and weak Hopf algebra, we obtain as a consequence the first fundamental theorem for Hopf (co)quasigroups and a characterization of weak Hopf algebras in terms of bijectivity of a Galois-type morphism (also called fusion morphism).

Normal Hopf subalgebras, depth two and Galois extensions

Let $S$ be the left $R$-bialgebroid of a depth two extension with centralizer $R$ as defined in math.QA/0108067. We show that the left endomorphism ring of depth two extension, not necessarily balanced, is a left $S$-Galois extension of $A^{\rm op}$. Looking to examples of depth two, we establish that a Hopf subalgebra is normal if and only if it is a Hopf-Galois extension. We find a class of examples of the alternative Hopf algebroids in math.QA/0302325. We also characterize finite weak Hopf-Galois extensions using an alternate Galois canonical mapping with several corollaries: that these are…

I-factorial quantum torsors

In an earlier paper of the author, locally compact quantum torsors were defined for locally compact quantum groups, putting into the analytic framework the theory of Galois objects for Hopf algebras. Such quantum torsors allow to deform the given quantum group, providing a generalization of the 2-cocycle twisting procedure. It was also shown that a quantum torsor can be constructed from an action of the dual quantum group on a type I-factor. In this paper, we study quantum torsors which are themselves type I-factors. These I-factorial quantum torsors turn out to have a nice duality theory. We …

An action-free characterization of weak Hopf-Galois extensions

We define comodule algebras and Galois extensions for actions of bialgebroids. Using just module conditions we characterize the Frobenius extensions that are Galois as depth two and right balanced extensions. As a corollary, we obtain characterizations of certain weak and ordinary Hopf-Galois extensions without reference to action in the hypothesis.

A correspondence between homogeneous and Galois coactions of Hopf algebras

A coaction of a Hopf algebra on a unital algebra is called homogeneous if the algebra of coinvariants equals the ground field. A coaction of a Hopf algebra on a (not necessarily unital) algebra is called Galois, or principal, or free, if the canonical map, also known as the Galois map, is bijective. In this paper, we establish a duality between a particular class of homogeneous coactions, up to equivariant Morita equivalence, and Galois coactions, up to isomorphism.

Pseudo-Galois Extensions and Hopf Algebroids

A pseudo-Galois extension is shown to be a depth two extension. Studying its left bialgebroid, we construct an enveloping Hopf algebroid for the semi-direct product of groups, or more generally involutive Hopf algebras, and their module algebras. It is a type of cofibered sum of two inclusions of the Hopf algebra into the semi-direct product and its derived right crossed product. Van Oystaeyen and Panaite observe that this Hopf algebroid is non-trivially isomorphic to a Connes-Moscovici Hopf algebroid, which raises interesting comparative questions.

Galois and biGalois objects over monomial non semisimple Hopf algebras

We describe the Galois objects and biGalois groups of monomial nonsemisimple Hopf algebras. The main feature of our description is the use of modified versions of the second cohomology group of the grouplike elements. These computations generalize the previous ones of Masuoka and Schauenburg for the Taft algebras.

Hopf-Galois extensions with central invariants

We study Hopf-Galois extensions with central invariants for a finite dimensional Hopf algebra. We collect general facts about them and discuss some examples arising in the study of restricted Lie algebras and quantum groups at roots of unity. Our focus is on representation theory and its special feature in this situation, restriction of the central character to the subalgebra of invariants.

Some interactions between Hopf Galois extensions and noncommutative rings

In this paper, our objects of interest are Hopf Galois extensions (e.g., Hopf algebras, Galois field extensions, strongly graded algebras, crossed products, principal bundles, etc.) and families of noncommutative rings (e.g., skew polynomial rings, PBW extensions and skew PBW extensions, etc.). We collect and systematize questions, problems, properties and recent advances in both theories by explicitly developing examples and doing calculations that are usually omitted in the literature. In particular, for Hopf Galois extensions we consider approaches from the point of view of quantum torsors …

Galois theory for bialgebroids, depth two and normal Hopf subalgebras

We reduce certain proofs in math.RA/0108067, math.RA/0408155, and math.QA/0409589 to depth two quasibases from one side only, a minimalistic approach which leads to a characterization of Galois extensions for finite projective bialgebroids without the Frobenius extension property. We prove that a proper algebra extension is a left $T$-Galois extension for some right finite projective left bialgebroid over some algebra $R$ if and only if it is a left depth two and left balanced extension. Exchanging left and right in this statement, we have a characterization of right Galois extensions for left…

Examples of polynomial identities distinguishing the Galois objects over finite-dimensional Hopf algebras

We define polynomial H-identities for comodule algebras over a Hopf algebra H and establish general properties for the corresponding T-ideals. In the case H is a Taft algebra or the Hopf algebra E(n), we exhibit a finite set of polynomial H-identities which distinguish the Galois objects over H up to isomorphism.

Skew Braces and Hopf-Galois Structures of Heisenberg Type

We classify all skew braces of Heisenberg type for a prime number $ p>3 $. Furthermore, we determine the automorphism group of each one of these skew braces (as well as their socle and annihilator). Hence, by utilising a link between skew braces and Hopf-Galois theory, we can determine all Hopf-Galois structures of Heisenberg type on Galois field extensions of fields of degree $ p^{3} $.

Galois theory for Hopf algebroids

An extension B\subset A of algebras over a commutative ring k is an H-extension for an L-bialgebroid H if A is an H-comodule algebra and B is the subalgebra of its coinvariants. It is H-Galois if the canonical map A\otimes_B A\to A\otimes_L H is an isomorphism or, equivalently, if the canonical coring (A\otimes_L H:A) is a Galois coring. In the case of a Hopf algebroid H=(H_L,H_R,S) any H_R-extension is shown to be also an H_L-extension. If the antipode is bijective then also the notions of H_R-Galois extensions and of H_L-Galois extensions are proven to coincide. Results about bijective entwi…

Galois functors and generalised Hopf modules

As shown in a previous paper by the same authors, the theory of Galois functors provides a categorical framework for the characterisation of bimonads on any category as Hopf monads and also for the characterisation of opmonoidal monads on monoidal categories as right Hopf monads in the sense of Bruguieres and Virelizier. Hereby the central part is to describe conditions under which a comparison functor between the base category and the category of Hopf modules becomes an equivalence (Fundamental Theorem). For monoidal categories, Aguiar and Chase extended the setting by replacing the base cate…

Hopf Galois Extension in Braided Tensor Categories

The relation between crossed product and $H$-Galois extension in braided tensor category ${\cal C}$ with equivalisers and coequivalisers is established. That is, it is shown that if there exist an equivaliser and a coequivaliser for any two morphisms in ${\cal C}$, then $A = B #_σH$ is a crossed product algebra if and only if the extension $A/B$ is Galois, the canonical epic $q: A\otimes A \to A\otimes_B A$ is split and $A$ is isomorphic as left $B$-modules and right $H$-comodules to $B\otimes H$ in ${\cal C}$.

Flatness and freeness properties of the generic Hopf Galois extensions

In previous work, to each Hopf algebra H and each invertible right two-cocycle on H, Eli Aljadeff and the first-named author attached a subalgebra B of the free commutative Hopf algebra S generated by the coalgebra underlying H; the algebra B is the subalgebra of coinvariants of a generic Hopf Galois extension. In this paper we give conditions under which S is faithfully flat, or even free, as a B-module. We also show that B is generated as an algebra by certain elements arising from the theory of polynomial identities for comodule algebras developped jointly with Aljadeff.

Twisting algebras using non-commutative torsors

Non-commutative torsors (equivalently, two-cocycles) for a Hopf algebra can be used to twist comodule algebras. After surveying and extending the literature on the subject, we prove a theorem that affords a presentation by generators and relations for the algebras obtained by such twisting. We give a number of examples, including new constructions of the quantum affine spaces and the quantum tori.

Pointed Hopf actions on fields, II

This is a continuation of the authors' study of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras H which act inner faithfully on commutative domains. As mentioned in Part I of this work, the study boils down to the case where H acts inner faithfully on a field. These Hopf algebras are referred to as Galois-theoretical. In this work, we provide classification results for finite-dimensional pointed Galois-theoretical Hopf algebras H of finite Cartan type. Namely, we determine when such H of type A_1^{\times r} and some H of rank two possess the Galois-theoretical property. Moreover, we provide necessary…

Cyclic homology of Hopf Galois extensions and Hopf algebras

Let H be a Hopf algebra. By definition a modular crossed H-module is a vector space M on which H acts and coacts in a compatible way. To every modular crossed H-module M we associate a cyclic object Z(H,M). The cyclic homology of Z(H,M) extends the usual cyclic homology of the algebra structure of H, and the relative cyclic homology of an H-Galois extension. For a Hopf subalgebra K we compute, under some assumptions, the cyclic homology of an induced modular crossed module. As a direct application of this computation, we describe the relative cyclic homology of strongly graded algebras. In par…

Coactions on Hochschild Homology of Hopf-Galois Extensions and Their Coinvariants

Let A be an H-Galois extension of B. If M is a Hopf bimodule then HH.(A,M), the Hochschild homology of A with coefficients in M, is a right comodule over the coalgebra C:=H/[H,H]. Given an injective left C-comodule V, we denote the cotensor product of M and V by N. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between the cotensor product of HH.(A,M) and V, on the one hand, and HH.(B,N) on the other hand. The roots of this problem can be found in Lorenz's work on the descent of Hochschild homology of centrally Galois extensions, where HH.(A)^G, the subspace of invariant cycles with respect to the…

Hopf-Galois扩展的推前：非中心情况

Push-forward of Hopf--Galois extensions: the non central case

本文研究Hopf-Galois扩展的推前，通过扭曲张量积代数赋予模块共变扩展代数结构，并比较相应的Ehresmann-Schauenburg代数。

Generic Hopf Galois extensions

In previous joint work with Eli Aljadeff we attached a generic Hopf Galois extension A(H,c) to each twisted algebra H(c) obtained from a Hopf algebra H by twisting its product with the help of a cocycle c. The algebra A(H,c) is a flat deformation of H(c) over a "big" central subalgebra B(H,c) and can be viewed as the noncommutative analogue of a versal torsor in the sense of Serre. After surveying the results on A(H,c) obtained with Aljadeff, we establish three new results: we present a systematic method to construct elements of the commutative algebra B(H,c), we show that a certain important …

Strong Connections and Chern-Connes Pairing in the Hopf-Galois Theory

We reformulate the concept of connection on a Hopf-Galois extension $B\subseteq P$ in order to apply it in computing the Chern-Connes pairing between the cyclic cohomology $HC^{2n} (B)$ and $K_0 (B)$. This reformulation allows us to show that a Hopf-Galois extension admitting a strong connection is projective and left faithfully flat. It also enables us to conclude that a strong connection is a Cuntz-Quillen-type bimodule connection. To exemplify the theory, we construct a strong connection (super Dirac monopole) to find out the Chern-Connes pairing for the super line bundles associated to sup…

Some Braces of Cardinality $p^{4}$ and Related Hopf-Galois Extensions

We describe all $\mathbb F_{p}$-braces of cardinality $p^{4}$ which are not right nilpotent. Our solution illustrates a general way of investigating $\mathbb F_{p}$-braces of cardinality $p^{n}$ with a given multiplicative group. The constructed braces are left nilpotent, solvable and prime, and they also contain a non-zero strongly nilpotent ideal.