Let $k$ be a function field of one variable over a finite field with the characteristic not equal to two. In this paper, we consider the prehomogeneous representation of the space of binary quadratic forms over $k$. We have two main results. The first result is on the principal part of the global zeta function associated with the prehomogeneous vector space. The second result is on a mean value theorem for degree zero divisor class groups of quadratic extensions over $k$, which is a consequence of the first one.
We consider a binary quadratic variant of the Titchmarsh divisor problem and give an asymptotic formula for $\sum_{p^2+q^2\leq N} τ(p^2+q^2+1)$, where $p,q$ are primes.
In this paper, I use Siegel-Weil formula and Kudla matching principle to prove some interesting identities between representation number (of ternary quadratic space) and the degree of Heegner divisors.
We develop an elementary divisor theory for the unimodular and the modular group over quadratic field extensions and quaternion algebras. In particular, we investigate which sets of elementary divisors can occur. Under an additional hypothesis we establish a correspondence of unimodular and modular double cosets.
We generalize the concept of reduced Arakelov divisors and define $C$-reduced divisors for a given number $C \geq 1$. These $C$-reduced divisors have remarkable properties which are similar to the properties of reduced ones. In this paper, we describe an algorithm to test whether an Arakelov divisor of a real quadratic field $F$ is $C$-reduced in time polynomial in $\log|Δ_F|$ with $Δ_F$ the discriminant of $F$. Moreover, we give an example of a cubic field for which our algorithm does not work.
We give an asymptotic formula for the divisor sum $\sum_{c<n\leq N}τ\left((n-b)(n-c)\right)$ for integers $b<c$ of the same parity. Interestingly, the coefficient of the main term does not depend on the discriminant as long as it is a full square. We also provide effective upper bounds of the average divisor sum for some of the reducible quadratic polynomials considered before, with the same main term as in the asymptotic formula.
Consider the divisor sum $\sum_{n\leq N}τ(n^2+2bn+c)$ for integers $b$ and $c$ which satisfy certain extra conditions. For this average sum we obtain an explicit upper bound, which is close to the optimal. As an application we improve the maximal possible number of $D(-1)$-quadruples.
We study the sum of divisors of the quadratic form $m_1^2+m_2^2+m_3^2$. Let $$S_3(X)=\sum_{1\le m_1,m_2,m_3\le X}τ(m_1^2+m_2^2+m_3^2).$$ We obtain the asymptotic formula $$S_3(X)=C_1X^3\log X+ C_2X^3+O(X^2\log^7 X),$$ where $C_1,C_2$ are two constants. This improves upon the error term $O_\varepsilon(X^{8/3+\varepsilon})$ obtained by Guo and Zhai.
In a recent paper, Lapkova uses a Tauberian theorem to derive the asymptotic formula for the divisor sum $\sum_{n \leq x} d( n (n+v))$ where $v$ is a fixed integer and $d(n)$ denotes the number of divisors of $n$. We reprove her result by following a suggestion of Hooley, namely investigating the relationship between this sum and the well-known sum $\sum_{n \leq x} d( n ) d (n+v)$. As such, we are able to furnish additional terms in the asymptotic formula.
Consider the divisor sum $\sum_{n\leq N}τ(n^2+2bn+c)$ for integers $b$ and $c$. We extract an asymptotic formula for the average divisor sum in a convenient form, and provide an explicit upper bound for this sum with the correct main term. As an application we give an improvement of the maximal possible number of $D(-1)$-quadruples.
Let $F({\bf x})={\bf x}^tQ_{\bf x}+\mathbf{b}^t{\bf x}+c\in\mathbb{Z}[{\bf x}]$ be a quadratic polynomial in $\ell (\ge 3 )$ variables ${\bf x} =(x_{1},...,x_{\ell})$, where $F({\bf x})$ is positive when ${\bf x}\in\mathbb{R}_{\ge 1}^{\ell}$, $Q\in {\rm M}_{\ell}(\mathbb{Z})$ is an $\ell\times\ell$ matrix and its discriminant $\det\left(Q^t+Q\right)\neq 0$. It gives an explicit asymptotic formula for the following sum \[\sum_{{\bf x}\in [1,X]^{\ell}\cap\mathbb{Z}^{\ell}}τ\left(F({\bf x})\right), \] where $τ$ is the divisor function.
Let $q > 2$ be a prime number and define $λ_q := \left( \fracτ{q} \right)$ where $τ(n)$ is the number of divisors of $n$ and $\left( \frac{\cdot}{q} \right)$ is the Legendre symbol. When $τ(n)$ is a quadratic residue modulo $q$, then $\left( λ_q \star \mathbf{1} \right) (n)$ could be close to the number of divisors of $n$. This is the aim of this work to compare the mean value of the function $λ_q \star \mathbf{1}$ to the well known average order of $τ$. The proof reveals that the results depend heavily on the value of $\left( \frac{2}{q} \right)$. A bound for short sums in the case $q=5$ is a…
Let $τ_3(n)$ be the triple divisor function which is the number of solutions of the equation $d_1d_2d_3=n$ in natural numbers. It is shown that $$ \sum_{1\leq n_1,n_2,n_3\leq \sqrt{x}}τ_3(n_1^2+n_2^2+n_3^2)=c_1x^{\frac{3}{2}}(\log x)^2+ c_2x^{\frac{3}{2}}\log x +c_3x^{\frac{3}{2}} +O_{\varepsilon}(x^{\frac{11}{8}+\varepsilon}) $$ for some constants $c_1$, $c_2$ and $c_3$.
Let $F({\bf x})\in\mathbb{Z}[x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n]$ be a quadratic polynomial in $n\geq 3$ variables with a nonsingular quadratic part. Using the circle method we derive an asymptotic formula for the sum $$ Σ_{k,F}(X; {\mathcal{B}})=\sum_{{\bf x}\in X\mathcal{B}\cap\mathbb{Z}^{n}}τ_{k}\left(F({\bf x})\right), $$ for $X$ tending to infinity, where $\mathcal{B}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is an $n$-dimensional box such that $\min\limits_{{\bf x}\in X\mathcal{B}}F({\bf x})\ge 0$ for all sufficiently large $X$, and $τ_{k}(\cdot)$ is the $k$-th divisor function for any integer $k\ge 2$.
Let $F({\bf x})={\bf x}^tQ_m{\bf x}+\mathbf{b}^t{\bf x}+c\in\mathbb{Z}[{\bf x}]$ be a quadratic polynomial in $\ell (\ge 3 )$ variables ${\bf x} =(x_{1},...,x_{\ell})$, where $F({\bf x})$ is positive when ${\bf x}\in\mathbb{R}_{\ge 1}^{\ell}$, $Q_m\in {\rm M}_{\ell}(\mathbb{Z})$ is an $\ell\times\ell$ matrix and its discriminant $\det\left(Q_m^t+Q_m\right)\neq 0$. It gives explicit asymptotic formulas for the following sum \[ T_{k,F}(X)=\sum_{{\bf x}\in [1,X]^{\ell}\cap\mathbb{Z}^{\ell}}τ_{k}\left(F({\bf x})\right) \] with the help of the circle method. Here $τ_{k}(n)=\#\{(x_1,x_2,...,x_{k})\i…
The function $h^0$ for a number field is an analogue of the dimension of the Riemann-Roch spaces of divisors on an algebraic curve. In this paper, we prove the conjecture of van der Geer and Schoof about the maximality of $h^0$ at the trivial Arakelov divisor for quadratic extensions of complex quadratic fields.
We estimate asymptotically the fourth moment of the Riemann zeta-function twisted by a Dirichlet polynomial of length $T^{\frac14 - \varepsilon}$. Our work relies crucially on Watt's theorem on averages of Kloosterman fractions. In the context of the twisted fourth moment, Watt's result is an optimal replacement for Selberg's eigenvalue conjecture. Our work extends the previous result of Hughes and Young, where Dirichlet polynomials of length $T^{\frac{1}{11}-\varepsilon}$ were considered. Our result has several applications, among others to the proportion of critical zeros of the Riemann zeta…
We consider integer recurrences of the form a_n = f(a_{n-1}), where f is a quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients. We show, for four infinite families of f, that the set of primes dividing at least one term of such a sequence must have density zero, regardless of choice of a_0. The proof relies on tools from group theory and probability theory to develop a zero-density criterion in terms of arithmetic properties of the forward orbit of the critical point of f. This provides an analogy to results in real and complex dynamics, where analytic properties of the forward orbit of the critica…
A unitary divisor $c$ of a positive integer $n$ is a positive divisor of $n$ that is relatively prime to $\displaystyle{\frac{n}{c}}$. For any integer $k$, the function $σ_k^*$ is a multiplicative arithmetic function defined so that $σ_k^*(n)$ is the sum of the $k^{th}$ powers of the unitary divisors of $n$. We provide analogues of the functions $σ_k^*$ in imaginary quadratic rings that are unique factorization domains. We then explore properties of what we call $n$-powerfully unitarily $t$-perfect numbers, analogues of the unitary multiperfect numbers that have been defined and studied in the…
We study the primitive divisors of the terms of $(Δ_n)_{n \geq 1}$, where $Δ_n=N_{K/ \mathbb{Q}}(u^n-1)$ for $K$ a real quadratic field, and $u>1$ a unit element of its ring of integers. The methods used allow us to find the terms of the sequence that do not have a primitive prime divisor.
Let K/Q be a cyclic extension. In this paper, we give several congruences connecting the prime divisors of the degree g= [K:Q] with the prime divisors of the class number h of K/Q. As an exemple, the theorem: Let K/Q be a cyclic extension with [K:Q]=g. Suppose that g is not divisible by 2 . Let g_j, j=1,...m, be the prime divisors of g. Let h_i, i=1,...r, be the prime divisors of the class number h of K/Q. If for one prime factor h_i of h, the h_i-component G(h_i) of the class group G of K/Q is cyclic then: else h_i divides g, else h_i = 1 (mod g_j) for at least one prime divisor g_j of g. The…
In this rather computational paper, we determine certain representation numbers of ideals in real quadratic number fields explicitly in order to obtain a representation of the associated Dirichlet series in terms of Dirichlet L-functions and a generalized divisor sum. A direct and important consequence is that the Dirichlet series has a meromorphic continuation to the whole complex plane and a simple pole at $s=2$ whose residue can be made explicit in terms of the Dirichlet L-functions and the generalized divisor sum.
We obtain several asymptotic estimates for the sums of the restricted divisor function $$ τ_{M,N}(k) = #\{1 \le m \le M, \ 1\le n \le N: mn = k\} $$ over short arithmetic progressions, which improve some results of J. Truelsen. Such estimates are motivated by the links with the pair correlation problem for fractional parts of the quadratic function $αk^2$, $k=1,2,...$ with a real $α$.
We show that the values of a certain family of weakly holomorphic modular functions at points in the divisors of any meromorphic modular form with algebraic Fourier coefficients are algebraic. We use this to extend the classical result of Schneider by proving that zeros or poles of any non-zero meromorphic modular form with algebraic Fourier coefficients are either transcendental or imaginary quadratic irrational.
Given a set $S=\{x^2+c_1,\dots,x^2+c_s\}$ defined over a field and an infinite sequence $γ$ of elements of $S$, one can associate an arboreal representation to $γ$, generalizing the case of iterating a single polynomial. We study the probability that a random sequence $γ$ produces a ``large-image'' representation, meaning that infinitely many subquotients in the natural filtration are maximal. We prove that this probability is positive for most sets $S$ defined over $\mathbb{Z}[t]$, and we conjecture a similar positive-probability result for suitable sets over $\mathbb{Q}$. As an application o…
Let $k\geq 3$ and $n\geq 3$ be odd integers, and let $m\geq 0$ be any integer. For a prime number $\ell$, we prove that the class number of the imaginary quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{\ell^{2m}-2k^n})$ is either divisible by $n$ or by a specific divisor of $n$. Applying this result, we construct an infinite family of certain tuples of imaginary quadratic fields of the form $$\left(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d}), \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d+1}), \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{4d+1}), \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2d+4}), \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2d+16}), \cdots, \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2d+4^t}) \right)$$ with $d\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $1\leq 4^t\leq 2|d|…
For a radical extension K of odd prime degree the ring O_K of integers is constructed as a product of subrings with the following property: for all prime divisors q of the discriminant of O_K there is a q-maximal factor. The discriminant of O_K is the greatest common divisor of the discriminants of all factors. The results are applied to give a criterion for the monogeneity of K where the opposite is not true.
We study the distribution of spacings between squares modulo q as the number of prime divisors of q tends to infinity. In an earlier paper Kurlberg and Rudnick proved that the spacing distribution for square free q is Poissonian, this paper extends the result to arbitrary q.
Let $D$ be an odd square-free positive integer and $C$ a divisor of $D$. For any quadratic character $χ$ modulo $C$, we prove that the $χ$-part of the group $J_0(DC)_\text{tor}$ of torsion points of $J_0(DC)$ coincides with the $χ$-part of its cuspidal subgroup, away from those primes of bad reduction or where possible congruences between oldforms and newforms occur.
Let $D<0$ be a fundamental discriminant and denote by $E(D)$ the exponent of the ideal class group $\text{Cl}(D)$ of $K={\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{D})$. Under the assumption that no Siegel zeros exist we compute all such $D$ with $E(D)$ is a divisor of $8$. We compute all $D$ with $|D|\leq 3.1\cdot 10^{20}$ such that $E(D)\leq 8$.
Let P(x,d,a) denote the number of primes p<=x with p=a(mod d). Chebyshev's bias is the phenomenon that `more often' P(x;d,n)>P(x;d,r) than the other way around, where n is a quadratic non-residue mod d and r is a quadratic residue mod d. If P(x;d,n)>=P(x;d,r) for every x up to some large number, then one expects that N(x;d,n)>=N(x;d,r) for every x. Here N(x;d,a) denotes the number of integers n<=x such that every prime divisor p of n satisfies p=a(mod d). In this paper we develop some tools to deal with this type of problem and apply them to show that, for example, N(x;4,3)>=N(x;4,1) for every…
The goal is to obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of quadratic extensions with bounded discriminant of a some quadratic number field with odd class number. This extends an already known result for Q.
For every positive integer $k$ such that $k>1,$ there are an infinity of odd integers $h$ with $ω(h) =k$ distinct prime divisors such that there do not exist a Circulant Hadamard matrix $H$ of order $n=4h^2.$ Moreover, our main result implies that for all of the odd numbers $h$, with $1< h < 10^{13}$ there is no Circulant Hadamard matrix of order $n=4h^2.$
In this paper, we establish a version of the large sieve with square moduli for imaginary quadratic extensions of rational function fields of odd characteristics.
We consider infinite parametric families of octic fields, that are quartic extensions of quadratic fields. We describe all relative power integral bases of the octic fields over the quadratic subfields.
In this article we compute the $q$th power values of the quadratic polynomials $f$ with negative squarefree discriminant such that $q$ is coprime to the class number of the splitting field of $f$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. The theory of unique factorisation and that of primitive divisors of integer sequences is used to deduce a bound on the values of $q$ which is small enough to allow the remaining cases to be easily checked. The results are used to determine all perfect power terms of certain polynomially generated integer sequences, including the Sylvester sequence.
Erdős and Hall studied the angular distribution of Gaussian integers with a fixed norm. We generalize their result to the angular distribution of integral ideal numbers with a fixed norm in any quadratic extension.
Let $0< n,α,β\in\mathbb{N}$ be such that $\gcd{(α,β)}=1$. We carry out the evaluation of the convolution sums $\underset{\substack{ {(k,l)\in\mathbb{N}^{2}} \\ {α\,k+β\,l=n} } }{\sum}σ(k)σ_{3}(l)$ and $\underset{\substack{ {(k,l)\in\mathbb{N}^{2}} \\ {α\,k+β\,l=n} } }{\sum}σ_{3}(k)σ(l)$ for all levels $αβ\in\mathbb{N}$, by using in particular modular forms. We next apply convolution sums belonging to this class of levels to determine formulae for the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ by the quadratic forms in twelve variables $\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\sum}}x_{i}^{2}$ when…
We discuss an elementary method for the evaluation of the convolution sums $\underset{\substack{ {(l,m)\in\mathbb{N}_{0}^{2}} \\ {α\,l+β\,m=n} } }{\sum}σ(l)σ(m)$ for those $α,β\in\mathbb{N}$ for which $\gcd{(α,β)}=1$ and $αβ=2^ν\mho$, where $ν\in\{0,1,2,3\}$ and $\mho$ is a finite product of distinct odd primes. Modular forms are used to achieve this result. We also generalize the extraction of the convolution sum to all natural numbers. Formulae for the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ by octonary quadratic forms using convolution sums belonging to this class are then deter…
In this article, we slightly refine the mean value theorem for the class number of quadratic extensions obtained by Goldfeld-Hoffstein and Datskovsky. We determine all the proportional constants of the mean value with respect to the local conditions including dyadic places.
Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve and $p$ an odd prime where $E$ has good supersingular reduction. Let $F_1$ denote the characteristic power series of the Pontryagin dual of the fine Selmer group of $E$ over the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ and let $F_2$ denote the greatest common divisor of Pollack's plus and minus $p$-adic $L$-functions or Sprung's sharp and flat $p$-adic $L$-functions attached to $E$, depending on whether $a_p(E)=0$ or $a_p(E)\ne0$. We study a link between the divisors of $F_1$ and $F_2$ in the Iwasawa algebra. This gives new insights into probl…
We describe an efficient algorithm to calculate generators of power integral bases in composites of totally real fields with imaginary quadratic fields. We show that the calculation can be reduced to solving index form equations in the original totally real fields. We illustrate our method by investigating monogenity in the infinite parametric family of imaginary quadratic extensions of the simplest quartic fields.
Let $K/F$ be a quadratic tamely ramified extension of a non-Archimedean local field $F$ of characteristic zero. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for Langlands' lambda function $λ_{K/F}$.
Let $k$ be a fixed finite geometric extension of the rational function field $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$. Let $F/k$ be a finite abelian extension such that there is an $\Fq$-rational place $\infty$ in $k$ which splits in $F/k$ and let $\mathcal{O}_F$ denote the integral closure in $F$ of the ring of functions in $k$ that are regular outside $\infty$. We describe algorithms for computing the divisor class number and in certain cases for computing the structure of the divisor class group and discrete logarithms between Galois conjugate divisors in the divisor class group of $F$. The algorithms are efficie…
We exhibit, for n at least 5, infinitely many quadratic number fields admitting unramified degree n extensions with prescribed signature whose normal closures have Galois group A_n. This generalizes a result of Uchida and Yamamoto, which did not include the ability to restrict the signature, and a result of Yamamura, which was the case n=5.
We prove that all elliptic curves defined over the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of a real quadratic field are modular under the assumption that the algebraic part of the central value of a twisted $L$-function is a $p$-adic unit. Our result is a generalization of a result of X. Zhang, which is a real quadratic analogue of a result of Thorne.
Given a number field $k$ and a quadratic extension $K_2$, we give an explicit asymptotic formula for the number of isomorphism classes of cubic extensions of $k$ whose Galois closure contains $K_2$ as quadratic subextension, ordered by the norm of their relative discriminant ideal. The main tool is Kummer theory. We also study in detail the error term of the asymptotics and show that it is $O(X^α)$, for an explicit $α<1$.
We generalize Sczech's Eisenstein cocycle for $\mathrm{GL}(n)$ over totally real extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ to finite extensions of imaginary quadratic fields. By evaluating the cocycle on certain cycles, we parametrize complex values of Hecke L-functions previously considered by Colmez, giving a cohomological interpretation of his algebraicity result on special values of the L-functions.
Continuing the line of thought of an earlier work, we provide the first infinite family of quadratic number fields with everywhere unramified Galois extensions of Galois group $SL_2(5)$, the (unique) smallest nonsolvable group for which this problem was previously open. Our approach also improves upon previous work by yielding the first infinite family of real-quadratic fields possessing an unramified Galois extension whose Galois group is perfect and not generated by involutions. Our result also amounts to a new existence result on quintic number fields with squarefree discriminant and additi…
We compute all the moments of a normalization of the function which counts unramified $H_{8}$-extensions of quadratic fields, where $H_{8}$ is the quaternion group of order 8, and show that the values of this function determine a constant distribution. Furthermore we propose a similar modification to the non-abelian Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for unramified G-extensions of quadratic fields for G in a large class of 2-groups, which we conjecture will give finite moments which determine a distribution. Our method additionally can be used to determine the asymptotics of the unnormalized counting fu…
The conjecture due to Bertrand and Rodriguez Villegas asserts that the 1-norm of the nonzero element in an exterior power of the units of a number field has a certain lower bound. We prove this conjecture for the exterior square case when the number field is a real multi-quadratic Galois extension of any degree of the rationals.
