Mark van Hoeij
An algorithm is given to compute a normal form for hyperelliptic curves. The elliptic case has been treated in a previous paper. In this paper the hyperelliptic case is treated.
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In this paper we describe some geometrical properties of the Weierstrass scheme of locally trivial hyperelliptic fibrations.
In this paper, we compute the 1-gap sequences of 1-Weierstrass points on non-hyperelliptic smooth projective curves of genus 10. Furthermore, the geometry of such points is classified as flexes, sextactic and tentactic points. Also, an upper bounds for their numbers are estimated.
For each group $G$, $(|G| > 2)$ \, which acts as a full automorphism group on a genus 3 hyperelliptic curve, we determine the family of curves which have 2-Weierstrass points. Such families of curves are explicitly determined in terms of the absolute invariants of binary octavics. The 1-dimensional families that we discover have the property that they contain only genus 0 components.
The integral Chow rings of the stacks of hyperelliptic Weierstrass points
本文计算了参数化带有 $n$ 个标记 Weierstrass 点的超椭圆曲线叠的整 Chow 环，并证明其作为代数可由任意 $Ψ$-类生成，所有关系均存在于 1 次中。
We give a explicit computation of the pointed harmonic volumes of hyperelliptic curves with Weierstrass base points, which are paraphrased into a combinatorial formula.
The locus of genus-two curves with n marked Weierstrass points has codimension n inside the moduli space of genus-two curves with n marked points, for n<=6. It is well known that the class of the closure of the divisor obtained for n=1 spans an extremal ray of the cone of effective divisor classes. We generalize this result for all n: we show that the class of the closure of the locus of genus-two curves with n marked Weierstrass points spans an extremal ray of the cone of effective classes of codimension n, for n<=6. A related construction produces extremal nef curve classes in moduli spaces …
Given a hyperelliptic curve $C$ of genus $g$ over a number field $K$ and a Weierstrass model $\mathscr{C}$ of $C$ over the ring of integers ${\mathcal O}_K$ (i.e. the hyperelliptic involution of $C$ extends to $\mathscr{C}$ and the quotient is a smooth model of ${\mathbb P}^1_K$ over ${\mathcal O}_K$), we give necessary and sometimes sufficient conditions for $\mathscr{C}$ to be defined by a global Weierstrass equation. In particular, if $C$ has everywhere good reduction, we prove that it is defined by a global Weierstrass equation with invertible discriminant if the class number $h_K$ is prim…
We prove that when all hyperelliptic curves of genus $n\geq 1$ having a rational Weierstrass point are ordered by height, the average size of the 2-Selmer group of their Jacobians is equal to 3. It follows that (the limsup of) the average rank of the Mordell-Weil group of their Jacobians is at most 3/2. The method of Chabauty can then be used to obtain an effective bound on the number of rational points on most of these hyperelliptic curves; for example, we show that a majority of hyperelliptic curves of genus $n\geq 3$ with a rational Weierstrass point have fewer than 20 rational points.
We study relations of the Weierstrass's hyperelliptic al-functions over a non-degenerated hyperelliptic curve $y^2 = f(x)$ of arbitrary genus $g$ as solutions of sine-Gordon equation using Weierstrass's local parameters, which are characterized by two ramified points. Though the hyperelliptic solutions of the sine-Gordon equation had already obtained, our derivations of them are simple; they need only residual computations over the curve and primitive matrix computations.
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ over the fraction field $K$ of a discrete valuation ring $R$. Assume that the residue field $k$ of $R$ is perfect and that $\mathop{\textrm{char}} k \neq 2$. Assume that the Weierstrass points of $C$ are $K$-rational. Let $S = \mathop{\textrm{Spec}} R$. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be the minimal proper regular model of $C$ over $S$. Let $\mathop{\textrm{Art}} (\mathcal{X}/S)$ denote the Artin conductor of the $S$-scheme $\mathcal{X}$ and let $ν(Δ)$ denote the minimal discriminant of $C$. We prove that $-\mathop{\textrm{Art}} (\mathcal{X}/S) \leq ν(Δ)$. As a …
Let X/S be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring. Two fundamental numerical invariants are attached to X/S: the valuation of the hyperelliptic discriminant of X/S, and the valuation of the Mumford discriminant of X/S (equivalently, the Artin conductor). For a residue field of characteristic 0 as well as for X/S semistable these invariants are known to satisfy certain inequalities. We prove an exact formula relating the two invariants with intersection theoretic data determined by the distribution of Weierstrass points over the special fiber, in the sem…
Weierstrass semigroups from cyclic covers of hyperelliptic curves
本文研究了超椭圆曲线循环覆盖的 Weierstrass 半群可实现性问题，证明了其可实现性由超椭圆 Jacobi 簇中相关除子类在 $j$ 倍乘法下的行为决定。
In this paper, we show that there are solutions of every degree $r$ of the equation of Pell-Abel on some real hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ if and only if $ r > g$. This result, which is known to the experts, has consequences, which seem to be unknown to the experts. First, we deduce the existence of a primitive $k$-differential on an hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ with a unique zero of order $k(2g-2)$ for every $(k,g)\neq(2,2)$. Moreover, we show that there exists a non Weierstrass point of order $n$ modulo a Weierstrass point on a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ if and only if $n > 2g$…
Higher Gaussian maps on the hyperelliptic locus and second fundamental form
本文研究超椭圆曲线canonical bundle的高阶偶数Gaussian映射，确定其秩并描述其核。利用此结果分析超椭圆Torelli映射j_h及其二阶基本形式，研究其切空间中的isotropic子空间。
Reduction of bielliptic hyperelliptic functions of genus 3
针对亏格3超椭圆函数的约化问题，受方程理论与超椭圆函数可积动力系统应用启发，研究人员将具有2次椭圆曲线态射的亏格3超椭圆曲线的对应超椭圆函数，用Weierstrass椭圆函数和亏格2超椭圆函数表示。
The article is devoted to the classical problems about the relationships between elliptic functions and hyperelliptic functions of genus 2. It contains new results, as well as a derivation from them of well-known results on these issues. Our research was motivated by applications to the theory of equations and dynamical systems integrable in hyperelliptic functions of genus 2. We consider a hyperelliptic curve $V$ of genus 2 which admits a morphism of degree 2 to an elliptic curve. Then there exist two elliptic curves $E_i$, $i=1,2$, and morphisms of degree 2 from $V$ to $E_i$. We construct hy…
Using an explicit version of the Mumford isomorphism on the moduli space of hyperelliptic curves we derive a closed formula for the Arakelov-Green function of a hyperelliptic Riemann surface evaluated at its Weierstrass points.
Explicit construction of decomposable Jacobians
本文给出了特征0域上可分解超椭圆 Jacobian 簇的显式构造，并应用于构造具有无穷多二次扭转且含有有理非 Weierstrass 点的超椭圆曲线族。
We discuss a family of multi-term addition formulae for Weierstrass functions on specialized curves of genus one and two with many automorphisms. In the genus one case we find new addition formulae for the equianharmonic and lemniscate cases, and in genus two we find some new addition formulae for a number of curves, including the Burnside curve.
In [5], Manjul Bhargava and Benedict Gross considered the family of hyperelliptic curves over $\Q$ having a fixed genus and a marked rational Weierstrass point. They showed that the average size of the 2-Selmer group of the Jacobians of these curves, when ordered by height, is 3. In this paper, we consider the family of hyperelliptic curves over $\Q$ having a fixed genus and a marked rational non-Weierstrass point. We show that when these curves are ordered by height, the average size of the 2-Selmer group of their Jacobians is 6. This yields an upper bound of 5/2 on the average rank of the Mo…
Chow classes of divisors on stacks of pointed hyperelliptic curves
本文在带尖点超椭圆曲线栈中计算通用 Weierstrass 除子与通用 $g^1_2$ 除子的周类，并用 Scavia 给出的除子类群基加以表达。
We study the codimension n locus of curves of genus 2 with n distinct marked Weierstrass points inside the moduli space of genus 2, n-pointed curves, for n <= 6. We give a recursive description of the classes of the closure of these loci inside the moduli space of stable curves. For n<= 4, we express these classes using a generating function over stable graphs indexing the boundary strata of moduli spaces of pointed stable curves. Similarly, we express the closure of these classes inside the moduli space of curves of compact type for all n. This is a first step in the study of the structure of…
We investigate the number and the geometry of smooth hyperelliptic curves on a general complex abelian surface. We show that the only possibilities of genera of such curves are $2,3,4$ and $5$. We focus on the genus 5 case. We prove that up to translation, there is a unique hyperelliptic curve in the linear system of a general $(1,4)$ polarised abelian surface. Moreover, the curve is invariant with respect to a subgroup of translations isomorphic to the Klein group. We give the decomposition of the Jacobian of such a curve into abelian subvarieties displaying Jacobians of quotient curves and P…
For integers $N\geq 3$ and $g\geq 1$, we study bounds on the cardinality of the set of points of order dividing $N$ lying on a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ embedded in its jacobian using a Weierstrass point as base point. This leads us to revisit division polynomials introduced by Cantor in 1995 and strengthen a divisibility result proved by him. Several examples are discussed.
We define the Weierstrass filtration for Teichmuller curves and construct the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of the Hodge bundle of a Teichmuller curve in hyperelliptic loci and low-genus nonvarying strata. As a result we obtain the sum of Lyapunov exponents of Teichmuller curves in these strata.
{\it $(N,γ)$-hyperelliptic} semigroups were introduced by Fernando Torres to encapsulate the most salient properties of Weierstrass semigroups associated to totally-ramified points of $N$-fold covers of curves of genus $γ$. Torres characterized $(2,γ)$-hyperelliptic semigroups of maximal weight whenever their genus is large relative to $γ$. Here we do the same for $(3,γ)$-hyperelliptic semigroups, and we formulate a conjecture about the general case whenever $N \geq 3$ is prime.
For an (imaginary) hyperelliptic curve $\mathcal{H}$ of genus $g$, we determine a basis of the Riemann-Roch space $\mathcal{L}(D)$, where $D$ is a divisor with positive degree $n$, linearly equivalent to $P_1+\cdots+ P_j+(n-j)Ω$, with $0 \le j \le g$, where $Ω$ is a Weierstrass point, taken as the point at infinity. As an application, we determine a generator matrix of a Goppa code for $j=g=3$ and $n=4.$
Characterizing gonality for two-component stable curves
本文利用可容许覆盖，将两分量稳定曲线的超椭圆刻画推广到更高 gonality 及超椭圆和三叉情形，涵盖任意节点数。
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g\geq 1$ over a number field $K$ with good reduction outside a finite set of places $S$ of $K$. We prove that $C$ has a Weierstrass model over the ring of integers of $K$ with height effectively bounded only in terms of $g$, $S$ and $K$. In particular, we obtain that for any given number field $K$, finite set of places $S$ of $K$ and integer $g\geq 1$ one can in principle determine the set of $K$-isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves over $K$ of genus $g$ with good reduction outside $S$.
We construct unramified central simple algebras representing 2-torsion classes in the Brauer group of a hyperelliptic curve, and show that every 2-torsion class can be constructed this way when the curve has a rational Weierstrass point or when the base field is C_1. In general, we show that a large (but in general proper) subgroup of the 2-torsion classes are given by the construction. Examples demonstrating applications to the arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves defined over number fields are given.
Arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves over local fields
本文提出一种描述局部域上双曲曲线性质的聚类图方法，用于编码其伽罗瓦表示、判别式及其他不变量。
Computing the Stable Reduction of Hyperelliptic Curves in Residue Characteristic 2
本文研究了特征零域上超椭圆曲线在剩余特征 2 下的稳定约化问题，证明了标定曲线稳定约化的一般性质，改进了现有计算算法，并给出了直至亏格 g=30 的具体算例。
Let E_G be a family of hyperelliptic curves over F2^(alg cl) with general Weierstrass equation given over a very small field F. We describe in this paper an algorithm to compute the zeta function of E_g for g in a degree n extension field of F, which has as time complexity O(n^3) and memory requirements O(n^2). With a slightly different algorithm we can get time O(n^2,667) and memory O(n^2,5), and the computation of O(n) curves of the family can be done in time and space O(n^3). All these algorithms are polynomial in the genus.
We give restrictions on the existence of families of curves on smooth projective surfaces $S$ of nonnegative Kodaira dimension all having constant geometric genus $g \geq 2$ and hyperelliptic normalizations. In particular, we prove a Reider-like result whose proof is ``vector bundle-free'' and relies on deformation theory and bending-and-breaking of rational curves in $\Sym^2(S)$. We also give examples of families of such curves.
Reduction of Hyperelliptic Curves in Residue Characteristic 2
本文研究特征零域上超椭圆曲线在剩余特征 2 赋值下的稳定约化，提出处理带 2g+2 个 Weierstrass 点标记曲线的显式算法，并在亏格 g≤2 时给出判别约化结构的简便条件。
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve over a local field $K$ with odd residue characteristic, defined by some affine Weierstrass equation $y^2=f(x)$. We assume that $C$ has semistable reduction and denote by $\mathcal{X} \rightarrow \textrm{Spec}\, \mathcal{O}_K$ its minimal regular model with relative dualizing sheaf $ω_{\mathcal{X}/ \mathcal{O}_K}$. We show how to directly read off a basis for $H^0(\mathcal{X},ω_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{O}_K})$ from the cluster picture of the roots of $f$. Furthermore we give a formula for the valuation of $λ$ such that $λ\cdot \frac{dx}{y} \land \dots \land x^{g-1}…
We get an upper bound of the slope of each graded quotient for the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of the Hodge bundle of a Teichmüller curve. As an application, we show that the sum of Lyapunov exponents of a Teichmüller curve does not exceed ${(g+1)}/{2}$, with equality reached if and only if the curve lies in the hyperelliptic locus induced from $\mathcal{Q}(2k_1,...,2k_n,-1^{2g+2})$ or it is a special Teichmüller curve in $Ω\mathcal{M}_g(1^{2g-2})$. It also gives an unified interpretation for many known results about the special partial sums of Lyapunov exponents on Teichmüller curves.
Mumford representation and Riemann Roch space of a divisor on a hyperelliptic curve
本文研究带 Weierstrass 无穷远点的超椭圆曲线，证明可由零次除子的 Mumford 表示直接构造相应 Riemann–Roch 空间的基，并用于得到 Goppa 码生成矩阵。
The Integral Chow Rings of the Moduli Stacks of Hyperelliptic Prym Pairs I
本文是计算 Prym 对模栈整 Chow 环系列的第一篇，计算了由单对 Weierstrass 点生成，以及曲线亏格为奇数时至多 $(g-1)/2$ 对生成的 Prym 对的 Chow 环。
2-descent for Bloch--Kato Selmer groups and rational points on hyperelliptic curves I
本文提出了一种通过 Galois 协同论方法确定超椭圆曲线 Jacobian 的 Bloch-Kato Selmer 组秩的方法，并利用该方法回答了关于有理点的问题。
The Kodaira classification of the moduli of hyperelliptic curves
本文研究带标记点的超椭圆曲线模空间的双有理几何，完成了其Kodaira分类，并分析了奇点性质及伪有效锥的结构。
Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g>1$ over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic zero and $O$ one of the $(2g+2)$ Weierstrass points in $C(K)$. Let $J$ be the jacobian of $C$, which is a $g$-dimensional abelian variety over $K$. Let us consider the canonical embedding of $C$ into $J$ that sends $O$ to the zero of the group law on $J$. This embedding allows us to identify $C(K)$ with a certain subset of the commutative group $J(K)$. A special case of the famous theorem of Raynaud (Manin--Mumford conjecture) asserts that the set of torsion points in $C(K)$ is finite. It i…
Let G be the separable Galois group of a finite field F of characteristic p, and X/F an imaginary hyperelliptic curve such that G acts transitively on its set W(X) of Weierstrass points. The existence of a G-invariant 2-torsion point on the Jacobian J(X) of X depends only on the parity of |W(X)|, but for large enough |F|, there exist two such curves X and X' with |W(X)|=|W(X')|, such that J(X) has (and J(X') does not have) a G-invariant 4-torsion point. The problem is equivalent to a study of the 2-,4- and 8-rank of the class number of the maximal order in the function field of such curves, an…
Computational approach to hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces
本文提出一种计算超椭圆黎曼面的方法，通过分支点列表、定义多项式系数或切割系统来构造曲面，并利用Clenshaw-Curtis方法计算全纯微分的周期和阿贝尔映射，适用于几乎退化黎曼面。
In this note we discuss techniques for determining the automorphism group of a genus $g$ hyperelliptic curve $\X_g$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic zero. The first technique uses the classical $GL_2 (k)$-invariants of binary forms. This is a practical method for curves of small genus, but has limitations as the genus increases, due to the fact that such invariants are not known for large genus. The second approach, which uses dihedral invariants of hyperelliptic curves, is a very convenient method and works well in all genera. First we define the normal decompo…
We describe explicitly all hyperelliptic limits of quadrics through smooth canonical curves of genus $g$ in ${\mathbb P}^{g-1}$. Also, we construct an open embedding of the blow up of a ${\rm PGL}_g$-bundle over the moduli space of curves of genus $g$ along the hyperelliptic locus into the blow up of the canonical Hilbert scheme of ${\mathbb P}^{g-1}$ along the closure of the locus of canonical ribbons, which are certain double thickenings of rational normal curves introduced and studied by Bayer and Eisenbud.
Normal bundles of hyperelliptic curves and uniform propagation of semistability
该研究证明了超椭圆曲线嵌入射影空间的法丛半稳定性条件，将半稳定性问题简化为有限情形，所用方法包括退化、子层次数界及亏格2的精确计算。
In the classical case of irreducible smooth algebraic curves every genus $2$ curve is hyperelliptic, or in other words there is a complete linear series $g_2^1$ on them. On the other hand if $g > 2$, then a generic smooth curve of genus $2$ is nonhyperelliptic. In this article we investigate the situation of normal surface singularities, so we fix a resolution graph $\mathcal{T}$ and a generic singularity with resolution $\tX$ corresponding to it in the sense of \cite{NNII}. We consider an integer effective cycle $Z$ on the resolution $\tX$ and investigate the existence of a complete linear se…
Recall that a smooth complex projective curve has a very ample canonical bundle when it is non-hyperelliptic, and according to a theorem of M. Noether the resulting embedding is projectively normal. A theorem of Petri further asserts that the homogeneous ideal is generated by quadrics if the curve is neither trigonal nor a smooth plane quintic. In this note, we prove an analogue of Noether's theorem for the symmetric square of the curve - namely, the canonical bundle of the symmetric square determines a projectively normal embedding exactly when the curve itself is neither hyperelliptic, trigo…
We consider a pointed curve $(X,P)$ which is given by the Weierstrass normal form, $y^r + A_{1}(x) y^{r-1} + A_{2}(x) y^{r-2} +\cdots + A_{r-1}(x) y + A_{r}(x)$ where $x$ is an affine coordinate on $\mathbb{P}^1$, the point $\infty$ on $X$ is mapped to $x=\infty$, and each $A_j$ is a polynomial in $x$ of degree $\leq js/r$ for a certain coprime positive integers $r$ and $s$ ($r<s$) so that its Weierstrass non-gap sequence at $\infty$ is a numerical semigroup. It is a natural generalization of Weierstrass' equation in the Weierstrass elliptic function theory. We investigate such a curve and sho…
We study smoothing of pencils of curves on surfaces with normal crossings. As a consequence we show that the canonical divisor of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ is not pseudo-effective in some range, implying that $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{12,6},\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{12,7},\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{13,4}$ and $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{14,3}$ are uniruled. We provide upper bounds for the Kodaira dimension of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{12,8}$ and $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{16}$. We also show that the moduli of $(4g+5)$-pointed hyperelliptic curves $\mathcal{H}_{g,4g+5}$ is uniruled. Together with a re…
We determine all modular curves X(N) (with $N\geq 7$) which are hyperelliptic or bielliptic. We make available a proof that the automorphism group of X(N) coincides with the normalizer of $Γ(N)$ in $\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$.
For elliptic curves, expressions for the periods of elliptic integrals of the second kind in terms of theta-constants, have been known since the middle of the 19th century. In this paper we consider the problem of generalizing these results to curves of higher genera, in particular to a special class of algebraic curves, the so-called $(n,s)$-curves. It is shown that the representations required can be obtained by the comparison of two equivalent expressions for the projective connection, one due to Fay-Wirtinger and the other from Klein-Weierstrass. As a principle example, we consider the cas…
We prove a form of the Weierstrass Preparation Theorem for normal algebraic curves over complete discrete valuation rings. While the more traditional algebraic form of Weierstrass Preparation applies just to the projective line over a base, our version allows more general curves. This result is then used to obtain applications concerning the values of u-invariants, and on the period-index problem for division algebras, over fraction fields of complete two-dimensional rings. Our approach uses patching methods and matrix factorization results that can be viewed as analogs of Cartan's Lemma.
The Classification of the Stable Marked Reduction of Genus 2 Curves in Residue Characteristic 2
研究二阶超椭圆曲线在余特征2下的稳定缩减结构，通过计算机代数系统对特定曲线进行分类。
Explicit LCP of MDS Codes and LCD Codes on Hyperelliptic Curves via Mumford Representation
研究超椭圆曲线上代数几何码，通过芒福德表示刻画非特殊除子，构造LCP码并给出MDS准则，在特定条件下得到LCD码，应用于极大超椭圆曲线给出特定参数的MDS LCD码示例并推测其对所有$q \geq 4$存在。
Let k=F_q be a finite field of even characteristic. We obtain in this paper a complete classification, up to k-isomorphism, of non singular quartic plane curves defined over k. We find explicit rational normal models and we give closed formulas for the total number of k-isomorphism classes. We deduce from these computations the number of k-rational points of the different strata by the Newton polygon of the non hyperelliptic locus M_3^{nh} of the moduli space M_3 of curves of genus 3. By adding to these computations the knowed results on the hyperelliptic locus we obtain a complete picture of …
Deciding superellipticity and computing the Weierstrass normal form
本文针对特征零域上的绝对不可约平面曲线模型，提出一种算法，用于判定其属于超椭圆曲线轨迹的对应\\( n \\)值，计算其超椭圆模型及双有理变换。
Let $Γ$ be a plane curve of degree $d$ with $δ$ ordinary nodes and no other singularities. If $P$ is a smooth point on $Γ$ then the Weierstrass gap sequence at $P$ is considered as that at the corresponding point on the normalization of $Γ$. A smooth point $P\inΓ$ is called a total inflection point if $i(Γ,T;P)=d$ where $T$ is the tangent line to $Γ$ at $P$. There are many possible Weierstrass gap sequences at total inflection points. Our main results are: Among them (1) There exists a pair $(P,Γ)$ such that the gap sequence at $P$ is the minimal (in the sense of weight). (2) There exists a pa…
We study the fluctuations in the distribution of zeros of zeta functions of a family of hyperelliptic curves defined over a fixed finite field, in the limit of large genus. According to the Riemann Hypothesis for curves, the zeros all lie on a circle. Their angles are uniformly distributed, so for a curve of genus g a fixed interval I will contain 2g|I| angles as the genus grows. We show that for the variance of number of angles in I is asymptotically a constant multiple of log(2g|I|) and prove a central limit theorem: The normalized fluctuations are Gaussian. These results continue to hold fo…
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