We consider one of the most natural extended affine Lie lagebras, the algebra $sl_2({\mathbb C}_q)$ and begin a theory of its representations. In particular, we study a class of imaginary Verma modules, obtain a criterion of irreducibility and describe their submodule structure in "general position".
We consider imaginary Verma modules for quantum affine algebraU_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)}) and define a crystal-like base which we call an imaginary crystal basis using the Kashiwara algebra K_q constructed in earlier work of the authors. In particular, we prove the existence of imaginary like bases for a suitable category of reduced imaginary Verma modules for U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)}).
We develop a general technique of constructing new irreducible weight modules for any affine Kac-Moody algebra using the parabolic induction, in the case when the Levi factor of a parabolic subalgebra is infinite-dimensional and the central charge is nonzero. Our approach uniforms and generalizes all previously known results with imposed restrictions on inducing modules. We also define generalized Imaginary Wakimoto modules which provide an explicit realization for generic generalized Imaginary Verma modules.
We describe the structure of a Verma module with a generic highest weight at the critical level over a symmetrizable affine Lie superalgebra not of the type A(2k,2l)^{(4)}. We obtain the character formula for a simple module with a generic highest weight at the critical level conjectured by V. G. Kac and D. A. Kazhdan.
For a restricted Verma module of an affine Kac-Moody algebra at the critical level we describe the Jantzen filtration and give an alternating sum formula which corresponds to the Jantzen sum formula of a baby Verma module over a modular Lie algebra. This also implies a new proof of the linkage principle which was already deduced by Arakawa and Fiebig.
We define the Virasoro algebra action on imaginary Verma modules for affine sl(2) and construct the analogs of Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation in the operator form. Both these results are based on a free field realization of imaginary Verma modules.
We consider imaginary Verma modules for quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)})$ and construct Kashiwara type operators and the Kashiwara algebra $\mathcal K_q$. We show that a certain quotient $\mathcal N_q^-$ of $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)})$ is a simple $\mathcal K_q$-module.
We consider imaginary Verma modules for quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{g}})$, where $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$ is of type 1 i.e. of non-twisted type, and construct Kashiwara type operators and the Kashiwara algebra $\mathcal K_q$. We show that a certain quotient $\mathcal N_q^-$ of $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{g}})$ is a simple $\mathcal K_q$-module.
We give a full classification, in terms of periodic skew diagrams, of irreducible semisimple modules in category O for the degenerate double affine Hecke algebra of type A which can be realized as submodules of Verma modules.
Let g be an untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra and M_J(lambda) a Verma-type module for g with J-highest integral weight lambda. We construct quantum Verma-type modules M_J^q(lambda) over the quantum group U_q(g), investigate their properties and show that M_J^q(lambda) is a true quantum deformation of M_J(ł) in the sense that the weight structure is preserved under the deformation. We also analyze the submodule structure of quantum Verma-type modules.
Imaginary Verma modules, parabolic imaginary Verma modules, and Verma modules at level zero for double affine Lie algebras are constructed using three different triangular decompositions. Their relations are investigated, and several results are generalized from the affine Lie algebras. In particular, imaginary highest weight modules, integrable modules, and irreducibility criterion are also studied.
We study the restricted Verma modules of an affine Kac-Moody algebra at the critical level with special emphasis on their Jordan-H"older multiplicities. The Feigin-Frenkel conjecture gives a formula for these multiplicities that involves the periodic Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. We prove this conjecture for all subgeneric blocks and for the case of anti-dominant simple subquotients.
We study $\mathbb Z$-graded modules of nonzero level with arbitrary weight multiplicities over Heisenberg Lie algebras and the associated generalized loop modules over affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. We construct new families of such irreducible modules over Heisenberg Lie algebras. Our main result establishes the irreducibility of the corresponding generalized loop modules providing an explicit construction of many new examples of irreducible modules for affine Lie algebras. In particular, to any function $ϕ:\mathbb N\rightarrow \{\pm\}$ we associate a $ϕ$-highest weight module over the Heisen…
We describe Borel and parabolic subalgebras of affine Lie superalgebras and study the Verma type modules associated to such subalgebras. We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which these modules are simple.
Recently we defined imaginary crystal bases for $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)})$- modules in category $\mathcal O^q_{\text{red,im}}$ and showed the existence of such bases for reduced quantized imaginary Verma modules for $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}(2)})$. In this paper we show the existence of imaginary crystal basis for any object in the category $\mathcal O^q_{\text{red,im}}$.
We use localization technique to construct new families of irreducible modules of affine Kac-Moody algebras. In particular, localization is applied to the first free field realization of the affine Lie algebra A_1^{(1)} or, equivalently, to imaginary Verma modules.
Let $\hat{\mathfrak g}$ be an affine Lie algebra of type 1. We give a PBW basis for the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak g})$ with respect to the triangular decomposition of $\hat{\mathfrak g}$ associated with the imaginary positive root system.
In this paper we study the representations of loop Affine-Virasoro Algebras. As they have canonical triangular decomposition, we define Verma modules and its irreducible quotients. We give necessary and sufficient condition for an irreducible highest weight module to have finite dimensional weight spaces. We prove that an irreducible integrable module is either an highest weight module or a lowest weight module whenever the canonical central element acts non trivially. At the end we construct Affine central operators for each integer and they commute with the action of the Affine Lie Algebra.
We study the restricted category O for an affine Kac--Moody algebra at the critical level. In particular, we prove the first part of the Feigin-Frenkel conjecture: the linkage principle for restricted Verma modules. Moreover, we prove a version of the BGGH-reciprocity principle and we determine the block decomposition of the restricted category O. For the proofs we need a deformed version of the classical structures, so we mostly work in a relative setting.
We describe the equivariant cohomology of cofibers of spherical perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of a reductive algebraic group in terms of the geometry of the Langlands dual group. In fact we give two equivalent descriptions: one in terms of D-modules of the basic affine space, and one in terms of intertwining operators for universal Verma modules. We also construct natural collections of isomorphisms parametrized by the Weyl group in these three contexts, and prove that they are compatible with our isomorphisms. As applications we reprove some results of the first author and of Br…
We describe a new type of $2$-representations, using coherent sheaves. Feigin, Finkelberg, Kuznetsov, Mirković and Braverman have provided a construction of Verma modules for complex semi-simple Lie algebras using based quasi-map spaces from $\mathbb{P}^1$ to flag varieties (zastavas). We consider here the case of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$, where the zastavas are smooth, and are mere affine spaces. We show that coherent sheaves on zastavas provide a $2$-Verma module for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ in the sense of Naisse-Vaz. Adding a superpotential and considering matrix factorizations, we obtain a realization …
The Misra-Miwa $v$-deformed Fock space is a representation of the quantized affine algebra of type A. It has a standard basis indexed by partitions and the non-zero matrix entries of the action of the Chevalley generators with respect to this basis are powers of $v$. Partitions also index the polynomial Weyl modules for the quantum group $U_q(gl_N)$ as $N$ tends to infinity. We explain how the powers of $v$ which appear in the Misra-Miwa Fock space also appear naturally in the context of Weyl modules. The main tool we use is the Shapovalov determinant for a universal Verma module
We construct new families of positive energy representations of affine vertex algebras together with their free field realizations by using localization technique. We introduce the twisting functor T_αon the category of modules over affine Kac--Moody algebra \widehat{g}_κof level κfor any positive root αof g, and the Wakimoto functor from a certain category of g-modules to the category of smooth \widehat{g}_κ-modules. These two functors commute and the image of the Wakimoto functor consists of relaxed Wakimoto \widehat{g}_κ-modules. In particular, applying the twisting functor T_αto the relaxe…
We construct certain boson type realizations of affine sl(n+1) that depend on a parameter r. When r=0 we get a Fock space realization of Imaginary Verma modules appearing in the work of the first author and when r=n they are the Wakimoto modules described in the work of Feigin and Frenkel.
We study the characters of simple modules in the parabolic BGG category of the affine Lie algebra in Deligne's category. More specifically, we take the limit of Weyl-Kac formula to compute the character of the irreducible quotient $L(X,k)$ of the parabolic Verma module $M(X,k)$ of level $k$, where $X$ is an indecomposable object of Deligne's category $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(GL_t)$, $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(O_t)$, or $\underline{\mathrm{Rep}}(Sp_t)$, under conditions that the highest weight of $X$ plus the level gives a fundamental weight, $t$ is transcendental, and the base field $\Bbbk$ ha…
KLR algebras of affine ADE types are known to be properly stratified if the characteristic of the ground field is greater than some explicit bound. Understanding the strata of this stratification reduces to semicuspidal cases, which split into real and imaginary subcases. Real semicuspidal strata are well-understood. We show that the smallest imaginary stratum is Morita equivalent to Huerfano-Khovanov's zigzag algebra tensored with a polynomial algebra in one variable. We introduce affine zigzag algebras and prove that these are Morita equivalent to arbitrary imaginary strata if the characteri…
We introduce an odd double affine Hecke algebra (DaHa) generated by a classical Weyl group W and two skew-polynomial subalgebras of anticommuting generators. This algebra is shown to be Morita equivalent to another new DaHa which are generated by W and two polynomial-Clifford subalgebras. There is yet a third algebra containing a spin Weyl group algebra which is Morita (super)equivalent to the above two algebras. We establish the PBW properties and construct Verma-type representations via Dunkl operators for these algebras.
In this paper we construct two free field realizations of the elliptic affine Lie algebra sl(2,R) + Ω_R/dR, where R=C[t,t^{-1},u|u^2=t^3 - 2b t^2 + t]. The first realization gives an analogue of Wakimoto's construction for Affine Kac-Moody algebras, but in the setting of the elliptic affine Lie algebra. The second realization gives new type of representations analogous to Imaginary Verma modules in the Affine setting.
In this paper we present Affine.m - program for computations in representation theory of finite-dimensional and affine Lie algebras and describe implemented algorithms. Algorithms are based upon the properties of weights and Weyl symmetry. The most important problems for us are the ones, concerning computation of weight multiplicities in irreducible and Verma modules, branching of representations and tensor product decomposition. These problems have numerous applications in physics and we provide some examples of these applications. The program is implemented in popular computer algebra system…
A cuspidal system for an affine Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algerba $R_\al$ yields a theory of standard modules. This allows us to classify the irreducible modules over $R_\al$ up to the so-called imaginary modules. We make a conjecture on reductions modulo $p$ of irreducible $R_\al$-modules, which generalizes James Conjecture. We also describe minuscule imaginary modules, laying the groundwork for future study of imaginary Schur-Weyl duality. We introduce colored imaginary tensor spaces and reduce a classification of imaginary modules to one color. We study the characters of cuspidal modules. We …
We prove a conjecture of Kuznetsov stating that the equivariant K-theory of affine Laumon spaces is the universal Verma module for the quantum affine algebra U_q(gl_n^). We do so by reinterpreting the action of the quantum toroidal algebra U_q(gl_n^^) on the K-theory from [14] in terms of the shuffle algebra studied in [12], which constructs an embedding of U_q(gl_n^) into U_q(gl_n^^)
We discuss the category $\cal I$ of level zero integrable representations of loop algebras and their generalizations. The category is not semisimple and so one is interested in its homological properties. We begin by looking at some approaches which are used in the study of other well--known non--semisimple categories in the representation theory of Lie algebras. This is done with a view to seeing if and how far these approaches can be made to work for $\cal I$. In the later sections we focus first on understanding the irreducible level zero modules and later on certain universal modules, the …
In this paper we consider the category $C (\tilde k, \tilde H)$ of the $(\tilde k, \tilde H)$-modules, including all the Verma modules, where $k$ is some compact Lie algebra and H some Cartan subgroup, $\tilde k$ and $\tilde H$ are the corresponding affine Lie algebra and the affine Cartan group, respectively. To this category we apply the Zuckerman functor and its derivatives. By using the determinant bundle structure, we prove the natural duality of the Zuckerman derived functors, and deduce a Borel-Weil-Bott type theorem on decomposition of the nilpotent part cohomology.
Highest weight modules of the double affine Lie algebra $\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}}_{2}$ are studied under a new triangular decomposition. Singular vectors of Verma modules are determined using a similar condition with horizontal affine Lie subalgebras, and highest weight modules are described under the condition that $c_1>0$ and $c_2=0$.
We study imaginary representations of the Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras of affine Lie type. Irreducible modules for such algebras arise as simple heads of standard modules. In order to define standard modules one needs to have a cuspidal system for a fixed convex preorder. A cuspidal system consists of irreducible cuspidal modules---one for each real positive root for the corresponding affine root system ${\tt X}_l^{(1)}$, as well as irreducible imaginary modules---one for each $l$-multipartition. We study imaginary modules by means of `imaginary Schur-Weyl duality'. We introduce an imagina…
We define an affine Jacquet functor and use it to describe the structure of induced affine Harish-Chandra modules at noncritical levels, extending the theorem of Kac and Kazhdan [KK] on the structure of Verma modules in the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand categories O for Kac-Moody algebras. This is combined with a vanishing result for certain extension groups to construct a block decomposition of the categories of affine Harish-Chandra modules of Lian and Zuckerman [LZ]. The latter provides an extension of the works of Rocha-Caridi, Wallach [RW] and Deodhar, Gabber, Kac [DGK] on block decomposition…
We show that our construction of boson type realizations of affine $\mathfrak{sl}(n+1)$ in terms of intermediate Wakimoto modules gives representations that are generically isomorphic to certain Verma type modules. We then use this identification to obtain information about the submodule structure of intermediate Wakimoto modules
Affine Lie algebras admit non-classical highest-weight theories through alternative partitions of the root system. Although significant inroads have been made, much of the classical machinery is inapplicable in this broader context, and some fundamental questions remain unanswered. In particular, the structure of the reducible objects in non-classical theories has not yet been fully understood. This question is addressed here for affine sl(2), which has a unique non-classical highest-weight theory, termed "imaginary". The reducible Verma modules in the imaginary theory possess an infinite desc…
We deduce the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture on the multiplicities of simple modules over a simple complex Lie algebra in Verma modules in category O from the equivariant geometric Satake correspondence and the analysis of torus fixed points in zastava spaces. We make similar speculations for the affine Lie algebras and W-algebras.
We compare the $K$-theory stable bases of the Springer resolution associated to different affine Weyl alcoves. We prove that (up to relabelling) the change of alcoves operators are given by the Demazure-Lusztig operators in the affine Hecke algebra. We then show that these bases are categorified by the Verma modules of the Lie algebra, under the localization of Lie algebras in positive characteristic of Bezrukavnikov, Mirković, and Rumynin. As an application, we prove that the wall-crossing matrices of the $K$-theory stable bases coincide with the monodromy matrices of the quantum cohomology o…
This work concerns the representation theory of the affine Lie algebra $A_1^{(1)}$ at fractional level and its links to the representation theory of the Virasoro algebra. We introduce affine Kac modules as certain finitely generated submodules of Wakimoto modules. We conjecture the existence of several classes of staggered $A_1^{(1)}$-modules and provide evidence in the form of detailed examples. We extend the applicability of the Goddard-Kent-Olive coset construction to include the affine Kac and staggered modules. We introduce an exact functor between the associated category of $A_1^{(1)}$-m…
In this paper we study the family of prime irreducible representations of quantum affine $\lie{sl}_{n+1}$ which arise from the work of D. Hernandez and B. Leclerc. These representations can also be described as follows: the highest weight is a product of distinct fundamental weights with parameters determined by requiring that the representation be minimal by parts. We show that such representations admit a BGG-type resolution where the role of the Verma module is played by the local Weyl module. This leads to a closed formula (the Weyl character formula) for the character of the irreducible r…
We study the Brylinski filtration induced by a principal Heisenberg subalgebra of an affine Kac-Moody algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, a notion first introduced by Slofstra. The associated graded space of this filtration on dominant weight spaces of integrable highest weight modules of $\mathfrak{g}$ has Hilbert series coinciding with Lusztig's $t$-analogue of weight multiplicities. For the level 1 vacuum module $L(Λ_0)$ of affine Kac-Moody algebras of type $A$, we show that the Brylinski filtration may be most naturally understood in terms of (vertex algebra) representations of the corresponding $\mat…
We give closed formulae for the q-characters of the fundamental representations of the quantum loop algebra of a classical Lie algebra in terms of a family of partitions satisfying some simple properties. We also give the multiplicities of the eigenvalues of the imaginary subalgebra in terms of these partitions.
In this paper we construct weighted path models to compute Whittaker vectors in the completion of Verma modules, as well as Whittaker functions of fundamental type, for all finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras, affine Lie algebras, and the quantum algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_{r+1})$. This leads to series expressions for the Whittaker functions. We show how this construction leads directly to the quantum Toda equations satisfied by these functions, and to the $q$-difference equations in the quantum case. We investigate the critical limit of affine Whittaker functions computed in this way.
We generalize imaginary Howe duality for KLR algebras of affine ADE types, developed in our previous paper, from balanced to arbitrary convex preorders. Under the assumption that the characteristic of the ground field is greater than some explicit bound, we prove that these KLR algebras are properly stratified.
For a semi-simple simply connected algebraic group G we introduce certain parabolic analogues of the Nekrasov partition function (introduced by Nekrasov and studied recently by Nekrasov-Okounkov and Nakajima-Yoshioka for G=SL(n)). These functions count (roughly speaking) principal G-bundles on the projective plane with a trivialization at infinity and with a parabolic structure at the horizontal line. When the above parabolic subgroup is a Borel subgroup we show that the corresponding partition function is basically equal to the Whittaker matrix coefficient in the universal Verma module over c…
Let $n$ be the maximal nilpotent subalgebra of a simple complex Lie algebra $g$. We introduce the notion of imaginary vector in the dual canonical basis of $U_q(n)$, and we give examples of such vectors for types $A_n (n\ge 5)$, $B_n (n\ge 3)$, $C_n (n\ge 3)$, $D_n (n\ge 4)$, and all exceptional types. This disproves a conjecture of Berenstein and Zelevinsky about $q$-commuting products of vectors of the dual canonical basis. It also shows the existence of finite-dimensional irreducible representations of quantum affine algebras whose tensor square is not irreducible.
We examine the structure of the insertion-elimination Lie algebra on rooted trees introduced in \cite{CK}. It possesses a triangular structure $\g = \n_+ \oplus \mathbb{C}.d \oplus \n_-$, like the Heisenberg, Virasoro, and affine algebras. We show in particular that it is simple, which in turn implies that it has no finite-dimensional representations. We consider a category of lowest-weight representations, and show that irreducible representations are uniquely determined by a "lowest weight" $λ\in \mathbb{C}$. We show that each irreducible representation is a quotient of a Verma-type object, …