Toshihiko Masuda
We construct approximately inner actions of discrete amenable groups on strongly amenable subfactors of type II_1 with given invariants, and obtain classification results under some conditions. We also study the lifting of the relative χgroup.
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A Krishnan-Sunder subfactor $R_U ßR$ of index $k^2$ is constructed from a permutation biunitary matrix $U\in M_p(\mathbb{C})\otimes M_k(\mathbb{C})$, i.e. the entries of $U$ are either 0 or 1 and both $U$ and its block transpose are unitary. The author previously showed that every irreducible Krishnan-Sunder subfactor has an intermediate subfactor by exhibiting the associated Bisch projection. The author has also shown in a separate paper that the principal and dual graphs of the intermediate subfactor are the same as those of the subfactor $R^{\grp} ßR^{H}$, where $Hß\grp$ is an inclusion of …
We show that a subfactor planar algebra of finite depth $k$ is generated by a single $s$-box, for $s \leq min\{k+4,2k\}$.
Given a quadruple of finite index subfactors we explicitly compute the Pimsner-Popa probabilistic constant for the pair of intermediate subfactors and relate it with the corresponding Connes-Størmer relative entropy between them. This generalizes an old result of Pimsner and Popa.
We calssify actions of discrete abelian groups on some inclusions of von Neumann algebras, up to cocycle conjugacy. As an application, we classify actions of compact abelian groups on the inclusions of AFD factors of type II_1 with index less than 4, up to stable conjugacy.
There is a natural construction which associates to a finitely generated, countable, discrete group $G$ and a 3-cocycle $ω$ of $G$ an inclusion of II$_1$ factors, the so-called diagonal subfactors (with cocycle). In the case when the cocycle is trivial these subfactors are well studied and their standard invariant (or planar algebra) is known. We give a description of the planar algebra of these subfactors when a cocycle is present. The action of Jones' planar operad involves the 3-cocycle $ω$ explicitly and some interesting identities for 3-cocycles appear when naturality of the action is ver…
A brief introduction into bimodules of $II_1$-factors is presented. Furthermore a version of the following result due to M. Pimsner and S. Popa is derived: Let $N=M_{-1}\subset M=M_0 \subset M_1 \subset M_2 \subset \ldots$ denote the Jones tower of a $II_1$-factor $N\subset M$ with finite index. Then the factor obtained by the basic construction from the pair $N\subset M_{n-1}$ is equal to $M_{2n-1}$.
A hyperfinite $II_1$ subfactor may be obtained from a symmetric commuting square via iteration of the basic construction. For certain commuting squares constructed from Hadamard matrices, we describe this subfactor as a group-type inclusion $R^H \subset R \rtimes K$, where $H$ and $K$ are finite groups with outer actions on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $R$. We find the group of outer automorphisms generated by $H$ and $K$, and use the method of Bisch and Haagerup to determine the principal and dual principal graphs. In some cases a complete classification is obtained by examining the element …
Using the continuous decomposition, we classify strongly free actions of discrete amenable groups on strongly amenable subfactors of type III$_λ, 0 < λ< 1$. Winsløw's fundamental homomorphism is a complete invariant. This removes the extra assumptions in the classification theorems of Loi and Winsløw and gives a complete classification up to cocycle conjugacy.
We consider the infinite symmetric group and its infinite index subgroup given as the stabilizer subgroup of one element under the natural action on a countable set. This inclusion of discrete groups induces a hyperfinite subfactor for each finite factorial representation of the larger group. We compute subfactor invariants of this construction in terms of the Thoma parameter.
By utilizing an irreducible inclusion of type III$_{q^{2}} $ factors coming from a free-product type action of the quantum group $ SU_{q}(2) $, we show that the free group factor $ L(\mathbb {F}_{\infty}) $ possesses irreducible subfactors of arbitrary index $ >4 $. Combined with earlier results of Radulescu, this shows that $ L(\mathbb {F}_{\infty}) $ has irreducible subfactors with any index value in $ \{4\cos ^{2}(π/n):n\geq 3\}\cup [4,+\infty) $.
A review of our recent works on free product actions, partly in collaborations with Dimitri Shlyakhtenko and with Fumio Hiai, is given. We also work out type III theoretic subfactor analysis on the subfactors constructed in our previous works. This part can be read as supplementary appendix to the works.
A note on irreducible quadrilaterals of $II_1$ factors
本文研究了II₁因子不可约四边形中内角和外角的可能值及其与中间子因子索引的关系。
If $G$ is a countable, discrete group generated by two finite subgroups $H$ and $K$ and $P$ is a II$_1$ factor with an outer G-action, one can construct the group-type subfactor $P^H \subset P \rtimes K$ introduced in \cite{BH}. This construction was used in \cite{BH} to obtain numerous examples of infinite depth subfactors whose standard invariant has exotic growth properties. We compute the planar algebra (in the sense of Jones \cite{J2}) of this subfactor and prove that any subfactor with an abstract planar algebra of "group type" arises from such a subfactor. The action of Jones' planar op…
Let $A,B\subset M$ be inclusions of $σ$-finite von Neumann algebras such that $A$ and $B$ are images of faithful normal conditional expectations. In this article, we investigate Popa's intertwining condition $A\preceq_MB$ using their modular actions. In the main theorem, we prove that if $A\preceq_MB$ holds, then an intertwining element for $A\preceq_MB$ also intertwines some modular flows of $A$ and $B$. As a result, we deduce a new characterization of $A\preceq_MB$ in terms of their continuous cores. Using this new characterization, we prove the first W$^*$-superrigidity type result for grou…
Given a group action on a finite set, we define the group-action model which consists of tensor network diagrams which are invariant under the group symmetry. In particular, group-action models can be realized as the even part of group-subgroup subfactor planar algebras. Moreover, all group-subgroup subfactor planar algebras arise in this way from transitive actions. In this paper, we provide a universal skein theory for those planar algebras. With the help of this skein theory, we give a positive answer to a question asked by Vaughan Jones in the late nineties.
In this note, we discuss the notion of symmetric self-duality of shaded planar algebras, which allows us to lift shadings on subfactor planar algebras to obtain Z/2Z-graded unitary fusion categories. This finishes the proof that there are unitary fusion categories with fusion graphs 4442 and 3333.
To a proper inclusion N\subset M of II_1 factors of finite Jones index [M:N], we associate an ergodic C*-action of the quantum group S_μU(2). The deformation parameter is determined by -1<μ<0 and [M:N]=|μ+μ^{-1}|. The higher relative commutants can be identified with the spectral spaces of the tensor powers of the defining representation of the quantum group. This ergodic action may be thought of as a virtual subgroup of S_μU(2) in the sense of Mackey arising from the tensor category generated by M regarded as a bimodule over N. μis negative as M is a real bimodule.
Surprisingly Richard Thompson's groups have recently appeared in Jones' subfactor theory. Vaughan Jones is famous for linking theories that are a priori completely disconnected; for instance, his celebrated polynomial for links emanating from subfactor theory. This note is about a new beautiful story in mathematics which results from a fortunate accident in the land of quantum field theory.
We study actions of locally compact groups on von Neumann factors and the associated crossed-product von Neumann algebras. In the setting of totally disconnected groups we provide sufficient conditions on an action $G\curvearrowright Q$ ensuring that the inclusion $Q \subset Q \rtimes G$ is irreducible and that every intermediate subfactor is of the form $Q \rtimes H$ for a closed subgroup $H<G$. This partially generalizes a result of Izumi-Longo-Popa [ILP98] and Choda [Ch78]. We moreover show that one can not hope to use their strategy for non-discrete groups.
We give a subfactor construction for a $II_{1}$ factor M which is not anti-isomorphic to itself. The $II_{1}$ factor we consider is essentially the same as the example previously given by Connes. However, our construction uses the recently developed theory of free group factors. We show that there exists an inclusion of $II_{1}$ factors $A\subset B$ which by iteration of the Jones basic construction produces $M$ as the enveloping algebra. Here A is a free group factor and B is isomorphic to the crossed product of A by an action of a finite group. By using a Connes' argument involving the invar…
Let H and K be two finite groups with a properly outer action on the II_1 factor M. We prove that the group type inclusions $M^H \subset M \rtimes K$, studied earlier by Bisch and Haagerup, have property T in the sense of Popa if and only if the group generated by H and K in the outer automorphism group of M has Kazhdan's property T. This construction yields irreducible, infinite depth subfactors with small Jones indices and property T standard invariant.
We construct inclusions of the form $(B_0\otimes P)^G\subset (B_1\otimes P)^G$, where $G$ is a compact quantum group of Kac type acting on an inclusion of finite dimensional $\c^*$-algebras $B_0\subset B_1$ and on a $II_1$ factor $P$. Under suitable assumptions on the actions of $G$, this is a subfactor, whose Jones to er and standard invariant can be computed by using techniques of A. Wassermann. The subfactors associated to subgroups of compact groups, to projective representations of compact groups, to finite quantum groups, to finitely generated discrete groups, to vertex models and to spi…
A subfactor is an inclusion $N \subset M$ of von Neumann algebras with trivial centers. The simplest example comes from the fixed points of a group action $M^G \subset M$, and subfactors can be thought of as fixed points of more general group-like algebraic structures. These algebraic structures are closely related to tensor categories and have played important roles in knot theory, quantum groups, statistical mechanics, and topological quantum field theory. There's a measure of size of a subfactor, called the index. Remarkably the values of the index below 4 are quantized, which suggests that…
Discrete subfactors include a particular class of infinite index subfactors and all finite index ones. A discrete subfactor is called local when it is braided and it fulfills a commutativity condition motivated by the study of inclusion of Quantum Field Theories in the algebraic Haag-Kastler setting. In [BDG21], we proved that every irreducible local discrete subfactor arises as the fixed point subfactor under the action of a canonical compact hypergroup. In this work, we prove a Galois correspondence between intermediate von Neumann algebras and closed subhypergroups, and we study the subfact…
We characterize finite index depth 2 inclusions of type II_1 factors in terms of actions of weak Kac algebras and weak C*-Hopf algebras. If N\subset M \subset M_1 \subset M_2 \subset ... is the Jones tower constructed from such an inclusion N\subset M, then B=M^\prime \cap M_2 has a natural structure of a weak C*-Hopf algebra and there is a minimal action of B on M_1 such that M is the fixed point subalgebra of M_1, and M_2 is isomorphic to the crossed product of M_1 and B. This extends the well-known results for irreducible depth 2 inclusions.
We establish a Galois correspondence for a minimal action of a compact quantum group ${\mathbb G}$ on a von Neumann factor $M$. This extends the result of Izumi, Longo and Popa who treated the case of a Kac algebra. Namely, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the lattice of left coideals of ${\mathbb G}$ and that of intermediate subfactors of $M^{\mathbb G}\subset M$.
Structural and Dynamical Properties of Subfactor Commuting Squares
本文研究Ⅱ₁型因子交换平方有限指标包含的代数不变量与遍历行为，建立正则性等性质的转移规律，刻画酉正规化子，引入相对本征基性质，对比群作用条件下交叉积包含的正则性与奇异性。
Vaughan Jones discovered unexpected connections between Richard Thompson's group and subfactor theory while attempting to construct conformal field theories (in short CFT). Among other this founded Jones' technology: a powerful new method for constructing actions of fraction groups which had numerous applications in mathematical physics, operator algebras, group theory and more surprisingly in knot theory and noncommutative probability theory. We propose and outline a program in the vein of Jones' work but where the Thompson group is replaced by a family of groups that we name forest-skein gro…
Conformal inclusions of chiral conformal field theories, or more generally inclusions of quantum field theories, are described in the von Neumann algebraic setting by nets of subfactors, possibly with infinite Jones index if one takes non-rational theories into account. With this situation in mind, we study in a purely subfactor theoretical context a certain class of braided discrete subfactors with an additional commutativity constraint, that we call locality, and which corresponds to the commutation relations between field operators at space-like distance in quantum field theory. Examples of…
By a construction of Vaughan Jones, the bipartite graph $Γ(A)$ associated with the natural inclusion of $\mathbb C$ inside a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra $A$ gives rise to a planar algebra $\mathcal P^{Γ(A)}$. We prove that every subfactor planar subalgebra of $\mathcal P^{Γ(A)}$ is the fixed point planar algebra of a uniquely determined action of a compact quantum group $\mathbb G$ on $A$. We use this result to introduce a conceptual framework for the free wreath product operation on compact quantum groups in the language of planar algebras/standard invariants of subfactors. Our approach …
In this paper, we generalize Izumi's result on uniqueness of realization of finite C$^*$-tensor categories in the endomorphism category of the injective factor of type II_1 for finitely generated strongly amenable C$^*$-tensor categories by applying Popa's classification theorem of strongly amenable subfactors of type III_1.
Motivated by Popa's seminal work \cite{Po04}, in this paper, we provide a fairly large class of examples of group actions $Γ\curvearrowright X$ satisfying the extended Neshveyev-Størmer rigidity phenomenon \cite{NS03}: whenever $Λ\curvearrowright Y$ is a free ergodic pmp action and there is a $\ast$-isomorphism $Θ:L^\infty(X)\rtimes Γ\rightarrow L^\infty(Y)\rtimes Λ$ such that $Θ(L(Γ))=L(Λ)$ then the actions $Γ\curvearrowright X$ and $Λ\curvearrowright Y$ are conjugate (in a way compatible with $Θ$). We also obtain a complete description of the intermediate subalgebras of all (possibly non-fre…
To a weighted graph can be associated a bipartite graph planar algebra P. We construct and study the symmetric enveloping inclusion of P. We show that this construction is equivariant with respect to the automorphism group of P. The automorphism group of the weighted graph acts on P. We consider subgroups G of the automorphism group of the weighted graph such that the G-fixed point space P^G is a subfactor planar algebra. As an application we show that if G is amenable, then P^G is amenable as a subfactor planar algebra. We define the notions of a cocycle action of a Hecke pair on a tracial vo…
Inclusions of simple C$^*$-algebras arising from compact group actions
本文研究了紧群在 C*-代数上作用引发的包含关系，证明了拟乘积作用及具有可分单不动点代数的最小作用的 Galois 对应，并给出了等距移位吸收作用和自由积作用 Galois 对应的新证明。
Rokhkin inclusions with integer and non-integer index
本文构造了具有整数和无理指标的含幺$C\sp*$-代数Rokhlin包含新例子，揭示了前者展现经典对称性而后者源自量子对称性，并首次给出了不源于有限群作用的迹Rokhlin性质包含实例。
We study II_1 factors M and N associated with good generalized Bernoulli actions of groups having an infinite almost normal subgroup with the relative property (T). We prove the following rigidity result: every finite index M-N-bimodule (in particular, every isomorphism between M and N) is described by a commensurability of the groups involved and a commensurability of their actions. The fusion algebra of finite index M-M-bimodules is identified with an extended Hecke fusion algebra, providing the first explicit computations of the fusion algebra of a II_1 factor. We obtain in particular expli…
Minimal compact group actions on C$^*$-algebras with simple fixed point algebras
本文证明第二可数紧群在可分 C$^*$-代数上的忠实极小作用，当其不动点代数为单代数时必为拟积作用，推广了此前仅适用于紧阿贝尔群和投射有限群的结果，并进一步给出对 Kirchberg 不动点代数的等变 KK-理论分类应用。
Using Effros-Handelman-Shen theorem and Elliott's classification theorem of AF algebras, we show that there exists a unital simple AF algebra A with unique trace such that $A\otimes \mathbb{K}$ admits no trace scaling action of the fundamental group of A.
A note on the orbit equivalence of injective actions
本文用对偶作用的简约交叉积刻画了离散可数Ore半群单射作用的变换广群C*-代数，并借助变换广群及其简约C*-代数刻画了连续轨道等价与半群紧致化上的单射作用。
We show that if $M$ is a full factor and $N \subset M$ is a co-amenable subfactor with expectation, then $N$ is also full. This answers a question of Popa from 1986. We also generalize a theorem of Tomatsu by showing that if $M$ is a full factor and $σ\colon G \curvearrowright M$ is an outer action of a compact group $G$, then $σ$ is automatically minimal and $M^G$ is a full factor which has w-spectral gap in $M$. Finally, in the appendix, we give a proof of the fact that several natural notions of co-amenability for an inclusion $N\subset M$ of von Neumann algebras are equivalent, thus closin…
A note on the weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple unital C*-algebras
本文证明弱迹Rokhlin性质定义中的一个条件可被更弱或更强的条件替代，并在非纯无限情形下冗余，同时给出弱迹Rokhlin性质推出迹Rokhlin性质的充分条件。
In this paper we study actions of locally compact quantum groups on von Neumann algebras and prove that every action has a canonical unitary implementation, paralleling Haagerup's classical result on the unitary implementation of a locally compact group action. This result is an important tool in the study of quantum groups in action. We will use it in this paper to study subfactors and inclusions of von Neumann algebras. When alpha is an action of a locally compact quantum group on the von Neumann algebra N we can give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the inclusion of the fixed…
Property (T) group factors whose Jones index set equals all positive integers
本文通过结合变形/刚性理论、子因子理论与几何群论，构造出一类性质（T）广义花环式积群的群冯·诺依曼代数，证明其琼斯指标集恰为全体正整数，并由此得到连续统多个两两非稳定同构的因子，推进了 de la Harpe 的公开问题。
If a compact quantum group acts isometrically on a (possibly discon- nected) compact smooth Riemannian manifold such that the action commutes with the Laplacian then it is known that the differential of the action preserves Rieman- nian inner product on forms. In this note, we prove a partial converse to this, under the additional assumption that the manifold is ori- ented and the action preserves the orientation in a suitable sense. Using this an alternative line of arguments is given for proving that there is no quantum isometry for a compact, connected, Riemannian manifold.
In this note, we introduce and study a notion of bi-exactness for creation operators acting on full, symmetric and anti-symmetric Fock spaces. This is a generalization of our previous work, in which we studied the case of anti-symmetric Fock spaces. As a result, we obtain new examples of solid actions as well as new proofs for some known solid actions. We also study free wreath product groups in the same context.
Note on C*-algebras associated to boundary actions of hyperbolic 3-manifold groups
本文利用Kirchberg-Phillips分类证明双曲3-流形群边界交叉积C*-代数的同构类型仅由流形同调决定，并构造出无穷多个不同构但交叉积同构的双曲群，且这些同构不具有动力学来源。
We give some sufficient conditions for the injectivity of actions of compact quantum groups on $C^{\ast}$-algebra. As an application, we prove that any faithful smooth action by a compact quantum group on a compact smooth (not necessarily connected) manifold is injective. A similar result is proved for actions on $C^{\ast}$- algebras obtained by Rieffel-deformation of compact, smooth manifolds.
We prove that the normalizer of any diffuse amenable subalgebra of a free group factor $L(\Bbb F_r)$ generates an amenable von Neumann subalgebra. Moreover, any II$_1$ factor of the form $Q \vt L(\Bbb F_r) $, with $Q$ an arbitrary subfactor of a tensor product of free group factors, has no Cartan subalgebras. We also prove that if a free ergodic measure preserving action of a free group $\Bbb F_r$, $2\leq r \leq \infty$, on a probability space $(X,μ)$ is profinite then the group measure space factor $L^\infty(X)\rtimes \Bbb F_r$ has unique Cartan subalgebra, up to unitary conjugacy.
We prove an extension to R^n, endowed with a suitable metric, of the relation between the Einstein-Hilbert action and the Dirac operator which holds on closed spin manifolds. By means of complex powers, we first define the regularised Wodzicki Residue for a class of operators globally defined on R^n. The result is then obtained by using the properties of heat kernels and generalised Laplacians.
Starting with a spectral triple on a unital $C^{*}$-algebra $A$ with an action of a discrete group $G$, if the action is uniformly bounded (in a Lipschitz sense) a spectral triple on the reduced crossed product $C^{*}$-algebra $A\rtimes_{r} G$ is constructed in [Hawkins, Skalski, White, Zacharias. Mathematica Scandinavica 2013]. The main instrument is the Kasparov external product. We note that this construction still works for twisted crossed products when the twisted action is uniformly bounded in the appropriate sense. Under suitable assumptions we discuss some basic properties of the resul…
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