We propose an (essentially combinatorial) approach to the correlation functions of the domain wall six vertex model. We reproduce the boundary 1-point function determinant expression of Bogoliubov, Pronko and Zvonarev, then use that as a building block to obtain analogous expressions for boundary 2-point functions. The latter can be used, at least in principle, to express more general boundary (and bulk) correlation functions as sums over (products of) determinants.
We derive determinant expressions for the partition functions of spin-k/2 vertex models on a finite square lattice with domain wall boundary conditions.
We derive determinant expressions for domain wall partition functions of level-1 affine so(n) vertex models, n >= 4, at discrete values of the crossing parameter lambda = m pi / 2(n-3), m in Z, in the critical regime.
By means of the Drinfeld twists, we derive the determinant representations of the partition functions for the $gl(1|1)$ and $gl(2|1)$ supersymmetric vertex models with domain wall boundary conditions. In the homogenous limit, these determinants degenerate to simple functions.
We obtain factorized domain wall partition functions for two sets of trigonometric vertex models: 1. The N-state Deguchi-Akutsu models, for N = {2, 3, 4} (and conjecture the result for all N >= 5), and 2. The sl(r+1|s+1) Perk-Schultz models, for {r, s = \N}, where (given the symmetries of these models) the result is independent of {r, s}.
In this work we elaborate on a previous result relating the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain-wall boundary conditions to eigenvalues of a transfer matrix. More precisely, we express the aforementioned partition function as a determinant of a matrix with entries being eigenvalues of the anti-periodic six-vertex model's transfer matrix.
An explicit expression for the spatial curve separating the region of ferroelectric order (`frozen' zone) from the disordered one (`temperate' zone) in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions in its anti-ferroelectric regime is obtained.
The determinantal form of the partition function of the 6-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions was given by Izergin. It is known that for a special value of the crossing parameter the partition function reduces to a Schur polynomial. Caradoc, Foda and Kitanine computed the partition function of the higher spin generalization of the 6-vertex model. In the present work it is shown that for a special value of the crossing parameter, referred to as the combinatorial point, the partition function reduces to a Macdonald polynomial.
This work is concerned with functional properties shared by partition functions of nineteen-vertex models with domain-wall boundary conditions. In particular, we describe both Izergin-Korepin and Fateev-Zamolodchikov models with the aforementioned boundary conditions and show their partition functions are governed by a system of functional equations originated from the associated Yang-Baxter algebra.
The six-vertex model on an $N\times N$ square lattice with domain wall boundary conditions is considered. A Fredholm determinant representation for the partition function of the model is given. The kernel of the corresponding integral operator is of the so-called integrable type, and involves classical orthogonal polynomials. From this representation, a ``reconstruction'' formula is proposed, which expresses the partition function as the trace of a suitably chosen quantum operator, in the spirit of corner transfer matrix and vertex operator approaches to integrable spin models.
With the help of the Drinfeld twist or factorizing F-matrix for the eight-vertex SOS model, we obtain the explicit determinant expression of the partition function of the eight-vertex model with a generic non-diagonal reflecting end and domain wall boundary condition. Our result shows that, contrary to the eight-vertex model without a reflection end, the partition function can be expressed as a single determinant.
In this work we demonstrate that the Yang-Baxter algebra can also be employed in order to derive a functional relation for the partition function of the six vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. The homogeneous limit is studied for small lattices and the properties determining the partition function are also discussed.
In this work we obtain hierarchies of partial differential equations describing on-shell scalar products for two types of six-vertex models. More precisely, six-vertex models with two different diagonal boundary conditions are considered: the case with boundary twists and the case with open boundary conditions. Solutions and properties of our partial differential equations are also discussed.
This paper is a continuation of our previous work "Six-vertex model and non-linear differential equations I. Spectral problem" in which we have put forward a method for studying the spectrum of the six-vertex model based on non-linear differential equations. Here we intend to elaborate on that approach and also discuss properties of the spectrum unveiled by the aforementioned differential formulation of the transfer matrix's eigenvalue problem. In particular, we intend to demonstrate how this differential approach allows one to study continuous symmetries of the transfer matrix's spectrum thro…
We obtain a new representation for the partition function of the six vertex model with domain wall boundaries using a functional equation recently derived by the author. This new representation is given in terms of a sum over the permutation group where the partial homogeneous limit can be taken trivially. We also show by construction that this partition function satisfies a linear partial differential equation.
We consider the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. We choose the inhomogeneities as solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations. The Bethe Ansatz equations have many solutions, so we can consider a wide variety of inhomogeneities. For certain choices of the inhomogeneities we study arrow correlation functions on the horizontal line going through the centre. In particular we obtain a multiple integral representation for the emptiness formation probability that generalizes the known formulæfor XXZ antiferromagnets.
The arctic curve, i.e. the spatial curve separating ordered (or `frozen') and disordered (or `temperate) regions, of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is discussed for the root-of-unity vertex weights. In these cases the curve is described by algebraic equations which can be worked out explicitly from the parametric solution for this curve. Some interesting examples are discussed in detail. The upper bound on the maximal degree of the equation in a generic root-of-unity case is obtained.
In this note, we consider the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, defined on a $M\times M$ lattice, in the inhomogeneous case where the partition function depends on 2M inhomogeneities $λ_j$ and $μ_k$. For a particular choice of the set of $λ_j$ we find a new determinant representation for the partition function, which allows evaluation of the bulk free energy in the thermodynamic limit. This provides a new connection between two types of determinant formulae. We also show in a special case that spin correlations on the horizontal line going through the center coincide with …
We prove a positivity theorem for a certain family of operators defined in terms of the stochastic six-vertex model. We explore connections of this result with other vertex models and $t$-deformed Schensted insertions.
We study the thermodynamic limit of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary and reflecting end. We evaluated the partition function explicitly in special cases. We calculated the homogeneous limit of the Tsuchiya determinant formula for the partition function. We evaluated the thermodynamic limit and obtain the free energy of the six-vertex model with reflecting end. We determined the free energy in the disordered regime.
In this note, we prove the completeness of Bethe vectors for the six vertex model with diagonal reflecting boundary conditions. We show that as inhomogeneity parameters get sent to infinity in a successive order the Bethe vectors give a complete basis of the space of states.
We apply the Tangent Method of Colomo and Sportiello to predict the arctic curves of the Six Vertex model with reflecting (U-turn) boundary and of the related Twenty Vertex model with suitable domain wall boundary conditions on a quadrangle, both in their Disordered phase.
In this paper we prove that the Euler-Lagrange equations for the limit shape for the inhomogeneous six vertex model on a cylinder have infinitely many conserved quantities.
We derive the coordinate space wave function for the inhomogeneous six-vertex model from the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz. The result is in agreement with the result first obtained long time ago by Yang and Gaudin in the context of the problem of one-dimensional fermions with delta- function interaction.
Correlation functions of the six and nineteen vertex models on an N \times N lattice with domain wall boundary conditions are studied. The general expression of the boundary correlation functions is obtained for the six vertex model by use of the quantum inverse scattering method. The correlation functions which are not "boundary" can be expressed as a linear sum of the boundary correlation functions. For the nineteen vertex model, the boundary correlation functions are shown to be expressed in terms of those for the six vertex model.
We address the question of the dependence of the bulk free energy on boundary conditions for the six vertex model. Here we compare the bulk free energy for periodic and domain wall boundary conditions. Using a determinant representation for the partition function with domain wall boundary conditions, we derive Toda differential equations and solve them asymptotically in order to extract the bulk free energy. We find that it is different and bears no simple relation with the free energy for periodic boundary conditions. The six vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is closely relate…
We write a multiple integral formula for the partition function of the Z-invariant six vertex model and demonstrate how it can be specialised to compute the norm of Bethe vectors. We also discuss the possibility of computing three-point functions in N= 4 SYM using these integral formulæ.
We use the Bethe-Peierls method combined with the belief propagation algorithm to study the arctic curves in the six vertex model on a square lattice with domain-wall boundary conditions, and the six vertex model on a rectangular lattice with partial domain-wall boundary conditions. We show that this rather simple approximation yields results that are remarkably close to the exact ones when these are known, and allows one to estimate the location of the phase boundaries with relative little effort in cases in which exact results are not available.
We obtain an asymptotic formula for the partition function of the six-vertex model with partial domain wall boundary conditions in the ferroelectric phase region. The proof is based on a formula for the partition function involving the determinant of a matrix of mixed Vandermonde/Hankel type. This determinant can be expressed in terms of a system of discrete orthogonal polynomials, which can then be evaluated asymptotically by comparison with the Meixner polynomials.
This is a continuation of the papers [4] of Bleher and Fokin and [5] of Bleher and Liechty, in which the large $n$ asymptotics is obtained for the partition function $Z_n$ of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions in the disordered and ferroelectric phases, respectively. In the present paper we obtain the large $n$ asymptotics of $Z_n$ on the critical line between these two phases.
The partition function of the six-vertex model on a square lattice with domain wall boundary conditions (DWBC) is rewritten as a hermitean one-matrix model or a discretized version of it (similar to sums over Young diagrams), depending on the phase. The expression is exact for finite lattice size, which is equal to the size of the corresponding matrix. In the thermodynamic limit, the matrix integral is computed using traditional matrix model techniques, thus providing a complete treatment of the bulk free energy of the six-vertex model with DWBC in the different phases. In particular, in the a…
The emptiness formation probability in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is considered. This correlation function allows one to address the problem of limit shapes in the model. We apply the quantum inverse scattering method to calculate the emptiness formation probability for the inhomogeneous model. For the homogeneous model, the result is given both in terms of certain determinant and as a multiple integral representation.
The trigonometric six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions and one partially reflecting end on a lattice of size $2n\times m$, $m\leq n$, is considered. The partition function is computed using the Izergin-Korepin method, generalizing the result of Foda and Zarembo from the rational to the trigonometric case. Thereafter we specify the parameters in Kuperberg's way to get a formula for the number of states as a determinant of Wilson polynomials. We relate this to a type of ASM-like matrices.
We introduce and study the domain wall boundary partition function of the integrable six-vertex model with triangular boundary. We first formulate the domain wall boundary partition function with triangular boundary by using the $U_q(sl_2)$ $R$-matrix and a special class of the triangular $K$-matrix. By using its graphical representation, we make the Izergin-Korepin analysis with the help of the Yang-Baxter relation and the reflection equation to give a characterization of the partition function. The explict form of the symmetric function representing the partition function is presented by sho…
This letter is concerned with the analysis of the six-vertex model with domain-wall boundaries in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs). The model's partition function is shown to obey a system of PDEs resembling the celebrated Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation. The analysis of our PDEs naturally produces a family of novel determinant representations for the model's partition function.
We study numerically the density profile in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. Using a Monte Carlo algorithm originally proposed by Allison and Reshetikhin we numerically evaluate the inhomogeneous density profiles in the disordered and antiferromagnetic regimes where frozen corners appear. At the free fermion point we present an exact finite-size formula for the density on the horizontal edges that relies on the imaginary time transfer matrix approach. In all cases where exact analytic forms for the density and the arctic curves are known the numerical method shows per…
In this paper, we provide new proofs of the existence and the condensation of Bethe roots for the Bethe Ansatz equation associated with the six-vertex model with periodic boundary conditions and an arbitrary density of up arrows (per line) in the regime $Δ<1$. As an application, we provide a short, fully rigorous computation of the free energy of the six-vertex model on the torus, as well as an asymptotic expansion of the six-vertex partition functions when the density of up arrows approaches $1/2$. This latter result is at the base of a number of recent results, in particular the rigorous pro…
We show that the emptiness formation probability of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions at its free-fermion point is a $τ$-function of the sixth Painlevé equation. Using this fact we derive asymptotics of the emptiness formation probability in the thermodynamic limit.
We consider the six-vertex model on an $N \times N$ square lattice with the domain wall boundary conditions. Boundary one-point correlation functions of the model are expressed as determinants of $N\times N$ matrices, generalizing the known result for the partition function. In the free fermion case the explicit answers are obtained. The introduced correlation functions are closely related to the problem of enumeration of alternating sign matrices and domino tilings.
We consider a class of probability distributions on the six-vertex model, which originate from the higher spin vertex models in arXiv:1601.05770 and have previously been investigated in arXiv:1610.06893. For these random six-vertex models we show that the asymptotic behavior near their base is asymptotically described by the GUE-corners process.
In this work we relate the spectral problem of the toroidal six-vertex model's transfer matrix with the theory of integrable non-linear differential equations. More precisely, we establish an analogy between the Classical Inverse Scattering Method and previously proposed functional equations originating from the Yang-Baxter algebra. The latter equations are then regarded as an Auxiliary Linear Problem allowing us to show that the six-vertex model's spectrum solves Riccati-type non-linear differential equations. Generating functions of conserved quantities are expressed in terms of determinants…
In this work we establish a relation between the six-vertex model with Domain Wall Boundary Conditions (DWBC) and the $XXZ$ spin chain with anti-periodic twisted boundaries. More precisely, we demonstrate a formal relation between the zeroes of the partition function of the six-vertex model with DWBC and the zeroes of the transfer matrix eigenvalues associated with the six-vertex model with a particular non-diagonal boundary twist.
We consider the triangular lattice ice model (20-Vertex model) with four types of domain-wall type boundary conditions. In types 1 and 2, the configurations are shown to be equinumerous to the quarter-turn symmetric domino tilings of an Aztec-like holey square, with a central cross-shaped hole. The proof of this statement makes extensive use of integrability and of a connection to the 6-Vertex model. The type 3 configurations are conjectured to be in same number as domino tilings of a particular triangle. The four enumeration problems are reformulated in terms of four types of Alternating Phas…
We construct the explicit $Q$-operator incorporated with the $sl_2$-loop-algebra symmetry of the six-vertex model at roots of unity. The functional relations involving the $Q$-operator, the six-vertex transfer matrix and fusion matrices are derived from the Bethe equation, parallel to the Onsager-algebra-symmetry discussion in the superintegrable $N$-state chiral Potts model. We show that the whole set of functional equations is valid for the $Q$-operator. Direct calculations in certain cases are also given here for clearer illustration about the nature of the $Q$-operator in the symmetry stud…
We revisit the problem of determining the Arctic curve in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. We describe an alternative method, by which we recover the previously conjectured analytic expression in the square domain. We adapt the method to work for a large class of domains, and for other models exhibiting limit shape phenomena. We study in detail some examples, and derive, in particular, the Arctic curve of the six-vertex model in a triangoloid domain at the ice-point.
We study the dependence of entropy [per lattice site] of six-vertex model on boundary conditions. We start with lattices of finite size and then proceed to thermodynamic limit. We argue that the six-vertex model with periodic, anti-periodic and mixed boundary conditions produce the same free-energy in the thermodynamic limit. We have found fixed boundary conditions such that the entropy varies continously from zero to its value for periodic boundary condition. We have also shown that the physical quantities of the six-vertex model at the isotropic point does not change in the case of singular …
The problem of calculation of correlation functions in the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions is addressed by considering a particular nonlocal correlation function, called row configuration probability. This correlation function can be used as building block for computing various (both local and nonlocal) correlation functions in the model. The row configuration probability is calculated using the quantum inverse scattering method; the final result is given in terms of a multiple integral. The connection with the emptiness formation probability, another nonlocal correlation…
We discuss some of the difficulties that have been mentioned in the literature in connection with the Bethe ansatz for the six-vertex model and XXZ chain, and for the eight-vertex model. In particular we discuss the ``beyond the equator'', infinite momenta and exact complete string problems. We show how they can be overcome and conclude that the coordinate Bethe ansatz does indeed give a complete set of states, as expected.
We propose the new family of the exactly solvable discrete state BCS - type Hamiltonians based on its relationship to the six-vertex model in the quasiclassical limit both in the rational and the trigonometric cases. We establish the relation of the BCS Hamiltonian and its eigenfunctions to the form of the monodromy matrix in the F-basis. Using the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz method for the standard BCS model with equal coupling the expression for the general scalar product and the determinant expressions for the physically interesting correlation functions for the finite number of sites which can …
We study the partition function for the three-colour model with domain wall boundary conditions. We express it in terms of certain special polynomials, which can be constructed recursively. Our method generalizes Kuperberg's proof of the alternating sign matrix theorem, replacing the six-vertex model used by Kuperberg with the eight-vertex-solid-on-solid model. As applications, we obtain some combinatorial results on three-colourings. We also conjecture an explicit formula for the free energy of the model.
We prove that Schütz's ASEP Markov duality functional is also a Markov duality functional for the stochastic six vertex model. We introduce a new method that uses induction on the number of particles to prove the Markov duality.
In this note we establish the convergence of the stochastic six-vertex model to the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process, under a certain limit regime recently predicted by Borodin-Corwin-Gorin. This convergence holds for arbitrary initial data.
The main result of this paper is the construction of infinitely many conserved quantities (corresponding to commuting transfer-matrices) for the limit shape equation for the 6-vertex model on a cylinder. This suggests that the limit shape equation is an integrable PDE with gradient constraints. At the free fermionic point this equation becomes the complex Burgers equation.
The two point functions, which give the probability that the spins turn down at the boundaries, are studied for the six vertex model on a $2N \times N$ lattice with domain wall boundary condition and left reflecting end. We consider two types of two point functions, and express them using determinants.
We obtain asymptotic formulas for the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions and half-turn symmetry in each of the phase regions. The proof is based on the Izergin--Korepin--Kuperberg determinantal formula for the partition function, its reduction to orthogonal polynomials, and on an asymptotic analysis of the orthogonal polynomials under consideration in the framework of the Riemann--Hilbert approach.
We prove an identity that relates the q-Laplace transform of the height function of a (higher spin inhomogeneous) stochastic six vertex model in a quadrant on one side, and a multiplicative functional of a Macdonald measure on the other. The identity is used to prove the GUE Tracy-Widom asymptotics for two instances of the stochastic six vertex model via asymptotics analysis of the corresponding Schur measures.
We study the domain wall partition function $Z_N$ for the $U_q(A_2^{(2)})$ (Izergin-Korepin) integrable $19$-vertex model on a square lattice of size $N$. $Z_N$ is a symmetric function of two sets of parameters: horizontal $ζ_1,..,ζ_N$ and vertical $z_1,..,z_N$ rapidities. For generic values of the parameter $q$ we derive the recurrence relation for the domain wall partition function relating $Z_{N+1}$ to $P_N Z_N$, where $P_N$ is the proportionality factor in the recurrence, which is a polynomial symmetric in two sets of variables $ζ_1,..,ζ_N$ and $z_1,..,z_N$. After setting $q^3=-1$ the recu…
This is a continuation of the paper [4] of Bleher and Fokin, in which the large $n$ asymptotics is obtained for the partition function $Z_n$ of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions in the disordered phase. In the present paper we obtain the large $n$ asymptotics of $Z_n$ in the ferroelectric phase. We prove that for any $\ep>0$, as $n\to\infty$, $Z_n=CG^nF^{n^2}[1+O(e^{-n^{1-\ep}})]$, and we find the exact value of the constants $C,G$ and $F$. The proof is based on the large $n$ asymptotics for the underlying discrete orthogonal polynomials and on the Toda equation for the…
