本文确定了双星 S_(3,5) 的平面 Turan 数上界为 exp(n, S_(3,5)) <= 23n/8 - 9/2（对所有 n >= 2 成立），并证明该上界在 n = 12 时是紧的。
摘要：
给定图 H 和正整数 n，H 的平面 Turan 数记为 exp(n, H)，是 n 顶点无 H 平面图中的最大边数。D. Ghosh 等人发起了双星 S_(k,l) 的研究。近期 Xu 等人 [AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(1): 1628-1644.] 提及 exp(n, S_(3,5)) 仍属未知。本文首先确定对于所有 n >= 2，平面 Turan 数 S_(3,5) 满足 exp(n, S_(3,5)) <= 23n/8 - 9/2。该上界在 n = 12 时是紧的。
英文摘要：
Given a graph H and a positive integer n, the planar Turan number of H, denoted by exp(n, H), is the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex H-free planar graph.D.Ghosh, et al.initiated the topic of double stars S_(k,l). Recently Xu et al.[AIMS Mathematics, 2025, 10(1): 1628-1644.] mentioned that exp(n, S_(3,5)) is still unknown.In this paper, we first establish that the planar Turan number S_(3,5) satisfies exp(n, S_(3,5)) <= 23n/8 - 9/2 for all n >= 2. The upper bound is tight for n = 12.
The {\em planar Turán number} of $H$, denoted by $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free planar graph. The planar Turán number of $k\geq 3$ vertex-disjoint union of cycles is a trivial value $3n-6$. Lan, Shi and Song determine the exact value of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,2C_3)$. We continue to study planar Turán number of vertex-disjoint union of cycles and obtain the exact value of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, where $H$ is vertex-disjoint union of $C_3$ and $C_4$. The extremal graphs are also characterized. We also improve the lower bound of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,2C_k)$ whe…
In a generalized Turán problem, we are given graphs $H$ and $F$ and seek to maximize the number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph of order $n$. We consider generalized Turán problems where the host graph is planar. In particular we obtain the order of magnitude of the maximum number of copies of a fixed tree in a planar graph containing no even cycle of length at most $2\ell$, for all $\ell$, $\ell \geq 1$. We obtain the order of magnitude of the maximum number of cycles of a given length in a planar $C_4$-free graph. An exact result is given for the maximum number of $5$-cycles in a $C_4$…
The planar Turán number of a given graph $H$, denoted by $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges over all planar graphs on $n$ vertices that do not contain a copy of $H$ as a subgraph. Let $H_k$ be a friendship graph, which is obtained from $k$ triangles by sharing a common vertex. In this paper, we obtain sharp bounds of $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H_k)$ and $ex_{\mathcal{P}}(n,K_1+P_{k+1})$ for $k\ge2$, which improves the results of Lan and Shi in Electron. J. Combin. 26 (2) (2019), \#P2.11.
The planar Turan number $\textrm{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(C_{\ell},n)$ is the largest number of edges in an $n$-vertex planar graph with no $\ell$-cycle. For $\ell\in \{3,4,5,6\}$, upper bounds on $\textrm{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(C_{\ell},n)$ are known that hold with equality infinitely often. Ghosh, Györi, Martin, Paulo, and Xiao [arxiv:2004.14094] conjectured an upper bound on $\textrm{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(C_{\ell},n)$ for every $\ell\ge 7$ and $n$ sufficiently large. We disprove this conjecture for every $\ell\ge 11$. We also propose two revised versions of the conjecture.
HUN-REN, Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics（匈牙利科学院阿尔弗雷德·雷尼数学研究所）；Department of Computer Science and Information Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics（布达佩斯技术与经济大学电气与信息工程学院计算机科学与信息论系）
An edge-colored graph is said to contain a rainbow-$F$ if it contains $F$ as a subgraph and every edge of $F$ is a distinct color. The problem of maximizing edges among $n$-vertex properly edge-colored graphs not containing a rainbow-$F$, known as the rainbow Turán problem, was initiated by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstraëte. We investigate a variation of this problem with the additional restriction that the graph is planar, and we denote the corresponding extremal number by $\ex_{\p}^*(n,F)$. In particular, we determine $\ex_{\p}^*(n,P_5)$, where $P_5$ denotes the $5$-vertex path.
The planar Turán number of a graph $H$, denoted $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the maximum number of edges in a planar graph on $n$ vertices without containing $H$ as a subgraph. This notion was introduced by Dowden in 2016 and has attracted quite some attention since then; those work mainly focus on finding $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ when $H$ is a cycle or Theta graph or $H$ has maximum degree at least four. In this paper, we study $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ when $H$ is a cubic graph or disjoint union of cycles or $H=K_{s, t}$.
Let ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,T,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $T$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph which does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. When $T=K_2$, ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,T,H)$ is the well studied function, the planar Turán number of $H$, denoted by ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$. The topic of extremal planar graphs was initiated by Dowden (2016). He obtained sharp upper bound for both ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_4)$ and ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_5)$. Later on, Y. Lan, et al. continued this topic and proved that ${\rm ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_6)\leq \frac{18(n-2)}{7}$. In thi…
Given a graph $F$, the planar Turán number of $F$, denoted $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n, F)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $F$-free planar graph. Such an extremal graph problem was initiated by Dowden while determining sharp upper bound for $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_4)$ and $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,C_5)$, where $C_4$ and $C_5$ are cycles of length four and five respectively. In this paper we determined an upper bound for $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,S_{2,2})$, $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,S_{2,3})$, $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,S_{2,4})$, $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,S_{2,5})$, $…
The planar Turán number of a graph $H$, denoted by $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,H)$, is the largest number of edges in a planar graph on $n $ vertices without containing $H$ as a subgraph. In this paper, we continue to study the topic of "extremal" planar graphs initiated by Dowden [J. Graph Theory 83 (2016) 213--230]. We first obtain an improved lower bound for $ex_{_\mathcal{P}}(n,C_k)$ for all $k\ge 13$ and $n\ge 5(k-6+\lfloor{(k-1)}/2\rfloor)(k-1)/2$; the construction for each $k$ and $n$ provides a simpler counterexample to a conjecture of Ghosh, Győri, Martin, Paulos and Xiao [arxiv:2004.14094v1…
We study the generalized Turán function $ex(n,H,F)$, when $H$ or $F$ is a double star $S_{a,b}$, which is a tree with a central edge $uv$, $a$ leaves connected to $u$ and $b$ leaves connected to $v$. We determine $ex(n,K_k,S_{a,b})$ and $ex(n,S_{a,b},F)$ for sufficiently large $n$, where $F$ is either a 3-chromatic graph with an edge whose deletion results in a bipartite graph, or the 2-fan, i.e. two triangles sharing a vertex. We also give bounds on $ex(n,S_{a,b},S_{c,d})$.
An improved upper bound for the planar Turán number of $C_8$
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University（西安电子科技大学数学与统计学院）；School of Mathematics, Shandong University（山东大学数学学院）；Data Science Institute, Shandong University（山东大学数据科学研究院）
The rainbow Turán number, a natural extension of the well studied traditional Turán number, was introduced in 2007 by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstraëte. The rainbow Turán number of a graph $H$, $ex^{*}(n,H)$, is the largest number of edges for an $n$ vertex graph $G$ which can be properly edge colored with no rainbow $H$ subgraph. We explore the reduction method for finding upper bounds on rainbow Turán numbers, and use this to inform results for the rainbow Turán numbers of double stars, caterpillars, and perfect binary trees. In addition, we define $k$-unique colorings and the related …
Motivated by anti-Ramsey numbers introduced by Erdős, Simonovits and Sós in 1975, we study the anti-Ramsey problem when host graphs are plane triangulations. Given a positive integer $n$ and a planar graph $H$, let $\mathcal{T}_n(H)$ be the family of all plane triangulations $T$ on $n$ vertices such that $T$ contains a subgraph isomorphic to $H$. The planar anti-Ramsey number of $H$, denoted $ar_{_\mathcal{P}}(n, H)$, is the maximum number of colors in an edge-coloring of a plane triangulation $T\in \mathcal{T}_n(H)$ such that $T$ contains no rainbow copy of $H$. Analogous to anti-Ramsey numbe…
In this paper we estimate the planar Turán number $\mathrm{ex}_\mathcal{P}(n,H)$ of some graphs $H$, i.e., the maximum number of edges in a planar graph $G$ of $n$ vertices not containing $H$ as a subgraph. We give a new, short proof when $H=C_5$, and study the cases when $G$ is bipartite or triangle-free and $H$ is a short even cycle. The proofs are mostly new applications or variants of the "contribution method" introduced by Ghosh, Győri, Martin, Paulos and Xiao in arXiv:2004.14094.
Spectral extrema of 1-planar graphs with no short cycles or small cliques
School of Mathematics and Statistics, and Hubei Key Lab–Math. Sci.,Central China Normal University（华中师范大学数学与统计学院，湖北省数学与力学重点实验室）；Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Hubei University（湖北大学数学与统计学部，湖北省应用数学重点实验室）
The generalized Turán number ${\rm ex}(G,H)$ is the maximum number of edges in an $H$-free subgraph of a graph $G.$ It is an important extension of the classical Turán number ${\rm ex}(n,H)$, which is the maximum number of edges in a graph with $n$ vertices that does not contain $H$ as a subgraph. In this paper, we consider the maximum number of edges in an even-cycle-free subgraph of the doubled Johnson graphs $J(n;k,k+1)$, which are bipartite subgraphs of hypercube graphs. We give an upper bound for ${\rm ex}(J(n;k,k+1),C_{2r})$ with any fixed $k\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ and any $n\in\mathbb{Z}^+$ wi…
College of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan Normal University（湖南师范大学数学与统计学院）；National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore（新加坡南洋国立大学国立教育学院）
In a closed 2-cell embedding of a graph each face is homeomorphic to an open disk and is bounded by a cycle in the graph. The Orientable Strong Embedding Conjecture says that every 2-connected graph has a closed 2-cell embedding in some orientable surface. This implies both the Cycle Double Cover Conjecture and the Strong Embedding Conjecture. In this paper we prove that every 2-connected projective-planar cubic graph has a closed 2-cell embedding in some orientable surface. The three main ingredients of the proof are (1) a surgical method to convert nonorientable embeddings into orientable em…
Whitney proved in 1931 that 4-connected planar triangulations are Hamiltonian. Hakimi, Schmeichel, and Thomassen conjectured in 1979 that if $G$ is a 4-connected planar triangulation with $n$ vertices then $G$ contains at least $2(n-2)(n-4)$ Hamiltonian cycles, with equality if and only if $G$ is a double wheel. On the other hand, a recent result of Alahmadi, Aldred, and Thomassen states that there are exponentially many Hamiltonian cycles in 5-connected planar triangulations. In this paper, we consider 4-connected planar $n$-vertex triangulations $G$ that do not have too many separating 4-cyc…
We study the sum-product problem for the planar hypercomplex numbers: the dual numbers and double numbers. These number systems are similar to the complex numbers, but it turns out that they have a very different combinatorial behavior. We identify parameters that control the behavior of these problems, and derive sum-product bounds that depend on these parameters. For the dual numbers we expose a range where the minimum value of $\max\{|A+A|,|AA|\}$ is neither close to $|A|$ nor to $|A|^2$. To obtain our main sum-product bound, we extend Elekes' sum-product technique that relies on point-line…
Regularised double shuffle relations for planar Arborified Zeta Values
Université de Montpellier, IMAG, Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck（蒙彼利埃大学，IMAG，亚历山大·格罗滕迪克蒙彼利埃研究所）；Department of Mathematics, IRIMAS, Université de Haute Alsace（阿尔萨斯大学高等研究院数学系）；IRMA, Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学数学与离散数学研究所）；Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University（名古屋大学大学院数学研究科）
Let k>0 be an integer, let H be a minor-minimal graph in the projective plane such that every homotopically non-trivial closed curve intersects H at least k times, and let G be the planar double cover of H obtained by lifting G into the universal covering space of the projective plane, the sphere. We prove that G is minor-minimal of branch-width 2k. We also exhibit examples of minor-minimal planar graphs of branch-width 6 that do not arise this way.
Despite the existence of a proof of the 4-color theorem, it would seem that there is still more to learn about why any planar graph is 4-colorable. To that end, we take another look at the Birkhoff diamond and discover something new and intriguing: after an extensive search for (rare) Kempe-locked triangulations, we find a Birkhoff diamond subgraph in each one. We offer a heuristic argument as to why that result is not only reasonable but also to be expected and posit that the presence of a Birkhoff diamond is necessary to Kempe-locking. If that conjecture is true, it means that the Birkhoff d…
For a class $\mathcal{D}$ of drawings of loopless (multi-)graphs in the plane, a drawing $D \in \mathcal{D}$ is \emph{saturated} when the addition of any edge to $D$ results in $D' \notin \mathcal{D}$ - this is analogous to saturated graphs in a graph class as introduced by Turán (1941) and Erdős, Hajnal, and Moon (1964). We focus on $k$-planar drawings, that is, graphs drawn in the plane where each edge is crossed at most $k$ times, and the classes $\mathcal{D}$ of all $k$-planar drawings obeying a number of restrictions, such as having no crossing incident edges, no pair of edges crossing mo…
Let $G$ be a 3-partite graph with $k$ vertices in each part and suppose that between any two parts, there is no cycle of length four. Fischer and Matouusek asked for the maximum number of triangles in such a graph. A simple construction involving arbitrary projective planes shows that there is such a graph with $(1 - o(1)) k^{3/2} $ triangles, and a double counting argument shows that one cannot have more than $(1+o(1)) k^{7/4} $ triangles. Using affine planes defined by specific planar polynomials over finite fields, we improve the lower bound to $(1 - o(1)) k^{5/3}$.
